RESUMO
Objectives Our objective was to study the incidence, persistence and clearance of human papillomavirus infection in systemic lupus erythematosus women and assess risk factors for persistence of human papillomavirus infection. Methods We carried out a prospective, observational cohort study of 127 systemic lupus erythematosus women. Patients were evaluated at baseline and at three years. Traditional and systemic lupus erythematosus women-related disease risk factors were collected. Gynaecological evaluations and cervical cytology screening were made. Human papillomavirus detection and genotyping were made by polymerase chain reaction and linear array. Results The cumulative prevalence of human papillomavirus infection increased from 22.8% at baseline to 33.8% at three years; p = < 0.001: 20.1% of patients experienced 43 incident infections. The risk of any human papillomavirus infection was 10.1 per 1000 patient-months. At three years, 47 (88.6%) prevalent infections were cleared. Independent risk factors associated with incident human papillomavirus infection included more lifetime sexual partners (odds ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval = 1.11-3.0) and cumulative cyclophosphamide dose (odds ratio = 3.9, 95% confidence interval = 1.2-12.8). Conclusions In systemic lupus erythematosus women, the cumulative prevalence of human papillomavirus infection, including high risk-human papillomavirus and multiple human papillomavirus infections, may increase over time. Most persistent infections were low risk-human papillomavirus. The number of lifetime sexual partners and the cumulative cyclophosphamide dose were independently associated with incident human papillomavirus infection.
Assuntos
Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia , Adulto , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Incidência , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/epidemiologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/mortalidade , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/virologia , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Prevalência , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Parceiros Sexuais , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Esfregaço Vaginal/métodosRESUMO
Our objective was to evaluate whether vitamin D deficiency is associated with cervical human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in women with SLE. This is a cross-sectional study of 67 women with SLE. A structured questionnaire was administered to ascertain the possible risk factors associated with cervical HPV infection. A gynaecological evaluation and cervical cytology screening were made. HPV detection and genotyping was made by PCR and linear array assay. Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels were quantified by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Mean age and disease duration were 44.8 ± 10.6 and 42.5 ± 11.8 years, respectively. Demographic characteristics were similar in patients with and without deficiency (<20 ng/ml and ≥20 ng/ml). There were 28.4% of women with cervical HPV infection and 68.4% had high-risk HPV infections. Patients with 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels <20 ng/ml had a higher prevalence of cervical HPV infection than those with levels ≥20 ng/ml (30.7% vs. 25.8%; p = 0.72). We found no significant difference when high-risk HPV infection was evaluated (36.8% vs. 31.5%; p = 0.73). In conclusion, women with SLE have a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and cervical HPV infection. However, we found no association between vitamin D deficiency and cervical HPV.
Assuntos
Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/sangue , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/virologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/sangue , Doenças do Colo do Útero/sangue , Doenças do Colo do Útero/virologia , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Imunoensaio/métodos , Estudos Longitudinais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/sangue , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia , Esfregaço Vaginal/métodos , Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/virologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/sangue , Displasia do Colo do Útero/virologiaRESUMO
"Blue eye disease" is a viral infection of swine endemic in Mexico, which produces fatal encephalitis accompanied by respiratory signs and corneal opacity in suckling piglets. An atypical blue eye disease outbreak presented high rates of neurological signs in fattening and adult pigs from 2000 to 2003. In order to identify the basis of increased neurovirulence, the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene of several porcine rubulavirus isolates were sequenced and compared with that of La Piedad Michoacan virus and other isolates that did not produce neurological disorders in weaned pigs. Nine amino acid mutations distinguished the high neurovirulent PAC6-PAC9 viruses, whereas five mutations characterized the low neurovirulent PAC2 and PAC3 viruses. HN protein three-dimensional models showed that the main conformation and functional domains were preserved, although substitutions A223T and A291D occurred in PAC2 and PAC3 viruses, as well as A511K and E514K presented in PAC6-PAC9 viruses considerably modified the properties of the HN protein surface. The increased positive charge of the HN protein of PAC6-PAC9 viruses seems to be associated with their increased neurovirulence.
Assuntos
Proteína HN/genética , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/veterinária , Infecções por Rubulavirus/veterinária , Rubulavirus/genética , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , México/epidemiologia , Modelos Moleculares , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/epidemiologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/virologia , Filogenia , Conformação Proteica , Rubulavirus/classificação , Infecções por Rubulavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rubulavirus/virologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Porcine rubulavirus (PoRV), also known as blue eye disease (BED) of swine, causes respiratory and reproductive problems in pigs at several developmental stages. To study the effect of PoRV infection on semen production, five boars were infected with 1 x 10(6) TCID(50)/ml of PoRV strain PAC-3 and evaluated for 59 days post inoculation (DPI). Infected boars developed reproductive tract pathology that included swelling of the testes and epididymides. Analysis of the semen showed that the infection had little effect on semen production in four animals, but semen from one boar showed severe alterations in sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. When motility was analyzed in BTS-diluted semen after 24, 48, or 72 h, alterations were detected in all boars. Furthermore, viral antigen was detected in semen, the seminal plasma fraction, or sperm fraction from all boars. These results showed that PoRV is excreted via semen and, therefore, artificial insemination is a potential route of dissemination.
Assuntos
Infecções por Rubulavirus/veterinária , Rubulavirus , Sêmen/virologia , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Animais , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Masculino , Infecções por Rubulavirus/transmissão , Infecções por Rubulavirus/virologia , Doenças Testiculares/veterinária , Doenças Testiculares/virologiaRESUMO
Sialylated structures play important roles in cell communication, and change in a regulated manner during development and differentiation. In this work, we report the main glycosidic modifications that occur during the maturation of porcine tissues, involving the sialylation process as determined with lectins. Sialic acids were identified at several levels in a broad range of cell types of nervous, respiratory, genitourinary and lymphoid origin. Nevertheless, the most contrasting was the type of glycosidic linkage between 5-N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and galactose (Gal) expressed in central nervous system (CNS). Newborn CNS abundantly expressed Neu5Acalpha2,3Gal, but weakly or scarcely expressed Neu5Acalpha2,6Gal/GalNAc. Maturation of CNS induced drastic changes in sialic acid expression. These changes include decrease or complete loss of NeuAcalpha2,3Gal residues, mainly in olfactory structures and brain cortex, which were replaced by their isomers Neu5Acalpha2,6Gal/GalNAc. In the brain cortex and cerebellum, the increase of Neu5Acalpha2,6Gal/GalNAc molecules was paralleled by an increase of 5-N-acetyl-9-O-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5,9Ac2). In addition, terminal Gal and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) residues also increased their expression in adult CNS tissues, but this was more significant in structures forming the encephalic trunk. Our results show that sialylation of porcine CNS is finely modulated throughout the maturation process.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/metabolismo , Ácido N-Acetilneuramínico/metabolismo , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Encéfalo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Glicosilação , Tecido Linfoide/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Tecido Linfoide/metabolismo , SuínosRESUMO
The immune response against the porcine rubulavirus was analyzed in experimentally infected adult pigs. High titers of virus neutralizing and hemagglutinating inhibitory antibodies were identified in infected animals. The antibody specificity was directed towards HN, M, and NP rubula virion proteins; immunodominance of HN proteins was demonstrated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from infected, but not from non-infected pigs proliferated in vitro in response to virus antigenic stimuli, showing a bell-shaped plot with the highest peak at 5 weeks post-infection. Virus-induced lymphoblasts expressed CD4+ CD8+ phenotype, whereas lectin-induced lymphoblasts were mainly identified as CD4+ CD8- cells. Phenotype analysis of freshly prepared PBMC revealed increased number of both monocytes (PoM1+) and total T lymphocytes (CD2+) early during infection, with reduced values of B lymphocytes at 4 weeks post-infection. Decrease in CD4+ CD8- blood cells was observed at 3 weeks post-infection, whereas both CD4- CD8+ and CD4+ CD8+ cells increased 1 and 4 weeks post-infection, respectively. This work discusses the relevance of CD4+ CD8+ T cells in the control of porcine rubulavirus infection.