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Background: Previous work from our group has shown that chronic exposure to Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) causes cytoskeletal alterations suggesting that V2O5 can interact with cytoskeletal proteins through polymerization and tyrosine phosphatases inhibition, causing Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like hippocampal cell death. Objective: This work aims to characterize an innovative AD experimental model through chronic V2O5 inhalation, analyzing the spatial memory alterations and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), amyloid-ß (Aß) senile plaques, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and dendritic spine loss in AD-related brain structures. Methods: 20 male Wistar rats were divided into control (deionized water) and experimental (0.02âM V2O5 1âh, 3/week for 6 months) groups (nâ=â10). The T-maze test was used to assess spatial memory once a month. After 6 months, histological alterations of the frontal and entorhinal cortices, CA1, subiculum, and amygdala were analyzed by performing Congo red, Bielschowsky, and Golgi impregnation. Results: Cognitive results in the T-maze showed memory impairment from the third month of V2O5 inhalation. We also noted NFTs, Aß plaque accumulation in the vascular endothelium and pyramidal neurons, dendritic spine, and neuronal loss in all the analyzed structures, CA1 being the most affected. Conclusions: This model characterizes neurodegenerative changes specific to AD. Our model is compatible with Braak AD stage IV, which represents a moment where it is feasible to propose therapies that have a positive impact on stopping neuronal damage.
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Doença de Alzheimer , Encéfalo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Memória Espacial , Compostos de Vanádio , Animais , Masculino , Administração por Inalação , Doença de Alzheimer/induzido quimicamente , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Tonsila do Cerebelo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tonsila do Cerebelo/patologia , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/patologia , Região CA1 Hipocampal/efeitos dos fármacos , Região CA1 Hipocampal/patologia , Angiopatia Amiloide Cerebral/induzido quimicamente , Angiopatia Amiloide Cerebral/patologia , Espinhas Dendríticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Espinhas Dendríticas/patologia , Córtex Entorrinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Entorrinal/patologia , Lobo Frontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Lobo Frontal/patologia , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Emaranhados Neurofibrilares/efeitos dos fármacos , Emaranhados Neurofibrilares/patologia , Placa Amiloide/induzido quimicamente , Placa Amiloide/patologia , Ratos Wistar , Memória Espacial/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos de Vanádio/administração & dosagem , Compostos de Vanádio/toxicidadeRESUMO
Vanadium (V) toxicity depends on its oxidation state; it seems that vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is the most toxic to the living cells. It has been reported that oral administration induces changes in motor activity and learning; in rats, I.P. administration increases lipid peroxidation levels in the cerebellum and the concentration of free radicals in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Mice that inhaled V2O5 presented a reduced number of tubulin+ in Leydig and Sertoli cells; it has also been reported that inhaled V2O5 induces loss of dendritic spines, necrosis, and hippocampus neuropil alterations; considering the direct consequence of the interaction of V with cytoskeletal components, makes us believe that V2O5 exposure could cause neuronal death in the hippocampus similar to that seen in Alzheimer disease. This work aimed to determine pyramidal hippocampal CA1 cytoskeletal alterations with Bielschowsky stain in rats exposed to V2O5. Male Wistar rats inhaled 0.02 M of V2O5 one h two times a week for two and six months. We found that rats, which inhaled V2O5 reached 56,57% of dead neurons after six months of inhalation; we recognize strong argyrophilic and collapsed somas and typical flame-shaped in all V-exposed rats hippocampus CA1 compared to controls. We also observe somatodendritic distortions. Axons and dendrites displayed thick dark bands replaced by noticeable thickening and nodosities and the cytoskeleton fibrillary proteins' linear traces. Our findings suggest that V2O5 inhalation induces Alzheimer-like cell death with evident cytoskeletal alterations.
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Introducción: Desde el registro de los primeros casos de COVID-19 en México, se han derivado una serie de respuestas emocionales caracterizadas por miedo y estrés. Dicho impacto emocional se debe en gran medida a la inundación de información paralela a las fases de la pandemia y la transición entre ellas y la percepción que los individuos tienen de la enfermedad. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar la percepción del COVID-19 entre la fase 1 y 2 de la pandemia y entre los medios de información usados para informarse en población mexicana. Métodos: Considerando un muestreo en cadena, se realizó un estudio comparativo en el que se diseminó por medio de correo electrónico y redes sociales una batería de evaluación que respondieron 1560 participantes. Resultados: La preocupación por las consecuencias del COVID-19 y su impacto emocional incrementaron al pasar de la fase 1 a la fase 2 de la pandemia. Además, se identificó que el impacto emocional fue mayor en quienes se informaron a través de Facebook® y televisión. Conclusiones: La pandemia tendrá un impacto emocional progresivo en medida en que avancen sus fases y en la importancia de informarse en medios adecuados para prevenir consecuencias emocionales.
Background: Since the first COVID-19 cases in Mexico there have been a variety of emotional responses which have in common fear and stress. The emotional impact of COVID-19 is builded in some way because the information flooding parallel to the pandemic phases, the transition between them and illness perception. The aim of the present work was to compare the perception of COVID-19 between phase 1 and 2 of the pandemic and between the information media used to inform themselves in the Mexican population. Methods: Considering a chain sampling, a comparative study was carried out in which an evaluation battery was disseminated through email and social networks, which was answered by 1560 participants. Results The concern about the consequences of COVID-19 and its emotional impact increased when going from phase 1 to phase 2 of the pandemic. In addition, it was identified that the emotional impact was greater in those who reported through Facebook® and television. Conclusions: The pandemic will have a progressive emotional impact as its phases progress and the importance of informing oneself in adequate means to prevent emotional consequences.
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La ansiedad como la depresión conllevan una serie de respuestas emocionales en los pacientes, que alteran el funcionamiento general, la morbimortalidad y los costos de atención en salud, al prolongar la estancia del paciente en el hospital. Es importante detectar oportunamente los estados de ánimo depresivos y ansiosos en pacientes hospitalizados, esto con el fin de mejorar la recuperación del paciente, disminuir la vulnerabilidad a diversas enfermedades y evitar prolongar la estancia hospitalaria. El propósito del presente fue evaluar a pacientes hospitalizados en los servicios de medicina interna y hematología del Hospital Juárez de México, para: 1) determinar niveles de ansiedad y depresión, y 2) determinar relaciones entre depresión, ansiedad y tiempo con la enfermedad. Participaron 111 pacientes hospitalizados a los cuales se les aplicó la Escala de ansiedad y depresión hospitalaria (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS).Se identificó mayor presencia de ansiedad y depresión a mayor tiempo de enfermedad.
Anxiety and depression lead to a series of emotional responses in patients which alter general functioning, morbidity-mortality, and health care costs, by prolonging the patient's stay in the hospital. It is important to timely detect depressive and anxious moods in hospitalized patients in order to improve patient Ìs recovery and to avoid a longer hospital stay. The propose of this paper was to assess hospitalized patients in intern and hematological medicine services areas in the Juarez Ìs hospital in Mexico to 1) determine anxiety and depression levels, and 2) determine the relationship between depression, anxiety and period with an illness. A total of 111 hospitalized patients participated, whom which the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was applied. It was identified as a major presence of anxiety and depression when the period with an illness variable was high.
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Synaptic plasticity is the process by which long-lasting changes take place at synaptic connections. The phenomenon itself is complex and can involve many levels of organization. Some authors separate forms into adaptations that have positive or negative consequences for the individual. It has been hypothesized that an increase in the number of synapses may represent a structural basis for the enduring expression of synaptic plasticity during some events that involve memory and learning; also, it has been suggested that perforated synapses increase in number after some diseases and experimental situations. The aim of this study was to analyze whether dopamine depletion induces changes in the synaptology of the corpus striatum of rats after the unilateral injection of 6-OHDA. The findings suggest that after the lesion, both contralateral and ipsilateral striata exhibit an increased length of the synaptic ending in ipsilateral (since third day) and contralateral striatum (since Day 20), loss of axospinous synapses in ipsilateral striatum and a significant increment in the number of perforated synapses, suggesting brain plasticity that might be deleterious for the spines, because this type of synaptic contacts are presumably excitatory, and in the absence of the modulatory effects of dopamine, the neuron could die through excitotoxic mechanisms. Thus, we can conclude that the presence of perforated synapses after striatal dopamine depletion might be a form of maladaptive synaptic plasticity.
Assuntos
Corpo Estriado/ultraestrutura , Dopamina/fisiologia , Plasticidade Neuronal , Sinapses/ultraestrutura , Animais , Corpo Estriado/efeitos dos fármacos , Corpo Estriado/fisiologia , Dopamina/deficiência , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica , Plasticidade Neuronal/fisiologia , Oxidopamina/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sinapses/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinapses/fisiologiaRESUMO
Parkinson's disease is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the world. Its treatment is limited so far to the management of parkinsonian symptoms with L-DOPA (LD). The long-term use of LD is limited by the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias and dystonia. However, recent studies have suggested that pharmacological targeting of the endocannabinoid system may potentially provide a valuable therapeutic tool to suppress these motor alterations. In the present study, we have explored the behavioral (L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias severity) and cytological (substantia nigra compacta neurons and striatum neuropil preservation) effects of the oral coadministration of LD and rimonabant, a selective antagonist of CB1 receptors, in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease. Oral coadministration of LD (30 mg/kg) and rimonabant (1 mg/kg) significantly decreased abnormal involuntary movements and dystonia, possibly through the conservation of some functional tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive dopaminergic cells, which in turn translates into a well-preserved neuropil of a less denervated striatum. Our results provide anatomical evidence that long-term coadministration of LD with cannabinoid antagonist-based therapy may not only alleviate specific motor symptoms but also delay/arrest the degeneration of striatal and substantia nigra compacta cells.
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Antagonistas de Receptores de Canabinoides/uso terapêutico , Di-Hidroxifenilalanina/administração & dosagem , Di-Hidroxifenilalanina/uso terapêutico , Discinesia Induzida por Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico , Degeneração Neural/patologia , Transtornos Parkinsonianos/tratamento farmacológico , Piperidinas/uso terapêutico , Pirazóis/uso terapêutico , Administração Oral , Animais , Antagonistas de Receptores de Canabinoides/farmacologia , Corpo Estriado/citologia , Corpo Estriado/efeitos dos fármacos , Corpo Estriado/ultraestrutura , Di-Hidroxifenilalanina/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Dopaminérgicos/administração & dosagem , Dopaminérgicos/farmacologia , Dopaminérgicos/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Masculino , Degeneração Neural/tratamento farmacológico , Neurópilo/citologia , Oxidopamina , Transtornos Parkinsonianos/induzido quimicamente , Piperidinas/administração & dosagem , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Pirazóis/administração & dosagem , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Ratos , Rimonabanto , Substância Negra/citologia , Substância Negra/efeitos dos fármacos , Substância Negra/metabolismo , Tirosina 3-Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismoRESUMO
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal. Regardless of its essentiality, it has been reported that the overexposure causes neurotoxicity manifested as extrapyramidal symptoms similar to those observed in Parkinson disease (PD). Recently, our group reported that mice that inhaled for 5 months the mixture of manganese chloride (MnCl(2)) and manganese acetate Mn(OAc)(3) developed movement abnormalities, significant loss of substantia nigra compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neurons, dopamine depletion and improved behavior with l-DOPA treatment. However, this model has only been characterized in mice. In order to have a well-supported and generalizable model in rodents, we used male Wistar rats that inhaled a mixture of 0.04 M MnCl(2) and 0.02 M Mn(OAc)(3), 1h three times a week for 6 months. Before Mn exposure, animals were trained to perform motor tests (Beam-walking and Single-pellet reaching tasks) and were evaluated each week after the exposure. The mixture of MnCl(2)/Mn(OAc)(3) caused alterations in the motor tests, 75.95% loss of SNc dopaminergic neurons, and no cell alterations in Globus Pallidus or striatum. With these results we conclude that the inhalation of the mixture of Mn compounds is a useful model in rodents for the study of PD.
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Modelos Animais de Doenças , Intoxicação por Manganês/complicações , Doença de Parkinson/etiologia , Administração por Inalação , Análise de Variância , Animais , Antiparkinsonianos/uso terapêutico , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patologia , Comportamento Alimentar/efeitos dos fármacos , Levodopa/uso terapêutico , Locomoção/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Compostos de Manganês/administração & dosagem , Camundongos , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Exame Neurológico , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Parkinson/patologia , Fosfopiruvato Hidratase/metabolismo , Desempenho Psicomotor/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Tirosina 3-Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismo , Gravação em VídeoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer (LC) is the first cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a fundamental outcome for evaluating treatment results. Our objective was to validate the Mexican-Spanish versions of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality-of-Life QLQ-LC13 disease-specific questionnaire module in Mexican patients with LC; and to explore the possible prognostic role of HRQL data. METHODS: Translation procedures followed EORTC guidelines. Both instruments were completed by patients with LC. Tests for reliability and validity were performed. A subset of patients was administered HRQL evaluations before and after chemotherapy. HRQL was associated with prognosis in chemotherapy-naïve patients. The protocol was approved by the Institute's Ethics Committee. RESULTS: One hundred fifty three patients (mean age, 60.3 years; 84 females and 69 males) completed both questionnaires. Compliance rates were high, and the questionnaires were well accepted. Nine of 10 multi-item scales of both questionnaires presented Cronbach's alpha coefficients > 0.7. Multi-trait scaling analysis demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity. Patients with better Karnofsky or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status reported better functional HRQL scores. Different scales in the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-LC13 questionnaires were accurately related with clinical characteristics. Functional as well as disease-symptom scales improved after chemotherapy, but treatment side-effects scales worsened in test-retest analysis. Better role functioning and absence of thoracic pain scales were associated with longer overall survival (OS) (p = 0.009 and p = 0.035, respectively). CONCLUSION: The Mexican-Spanish versions of the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-LC13 questionnaires are reliable and valid for HRQL measurement in Mexican patients with LC and can be used in clinical trials.
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Carcinoma Broncogênico/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Mesotelioma/patologia , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários , Idoso , Carcinoma Broncogênico/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Broncogênico/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Avaliação de Estado de Karnofsky , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Contagem de Linfócitos , Masculino , Mesotelioma/tratamento farmacológico , Mesotelioma/mortalidade , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Prognóstico , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
La evaluación del patrón conductual tipo A es un tema investigado tanto por los médicos, debido al estatus de factor de riesgo coronario que se le ha concedido, Proponemos un instrumento de evaluación como herramienta auxiliar del clínico, que le permitirá detectar con antelación y en forma sencilla, a sujetos que presentan en mayor o en menor medida conductas relacionadas con el patrón tipo A. El instrumento fue aplicado a una población de 244 sujetos en tres distintos estudios y se efectuó una aplicación test retest con 20 sujetos a cuatro años de distancia. El instrumento mostró confiabilidad y se ofrece como parte de la tecnología conductual, para coadyuvar en el diagnóstico y prevención de la enfermedad coronaria o sus complicaciones