RESUMO
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared an international state of emergency in order to contain the rapid spread of COVID-19. To ensure that there is adherence to preventive measures by the population aimed at controlling the pandemic in Alagoas, it is expected that knowledge, behavior and practices play an important role in preventing and controlling the disease. In this sense, it becomes relevant to understand the knowledge of the population about the disease. To evaluate the knowledge, behavior and practices of social media users during social isolation to prevent the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Alagoas, Northeast, Brazil. A probabilistic sample was carried out across the entire territory of the state of Alagoas with those who have access to a device that accesses the internet and a cross-sectional study was carried out using an online questionnaire applied to a convenience sample, recruited between August 2021 and July 2022 by snowball sampling. The questionnaire consisted of seven sessions, the first collecting data on the socioeconomic and sociodemographic profile of the participants, and the other sessions involving knowledge, attitudes and practices, including topics related to the vaccination that had to be administered at that time. High popular knowledge about signs and symptoms, means of transmission and risk groups. Low knowledge about seeking health services. Based on the results obtained, information from official channels became relevant to better teach the population in order to reduce the impact of COVID-19.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/transmissão , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Mídias Sociais , IdosoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This in vitro study focused on verifying the influence of different ambient light conditions on the accuracy and precision of models obtained from digital scans. METHODOLOGY: To measure the tested illuminances: chair light/reflector; room light, and natural light at the time of scanning, a luxmeter was used. From the STL file, nine experimental groups were formed. RESULTS: Of the nine specific combinations between the three IOS and the three types of lighting, it was verified that for all of them, as well as the ICC, the accuracy was also excellent, in which the measured values were not significantly influenced by the IOS brand (p = 0.994) nor by the type of lighting (p = 0.996). For precision data, GLM indicated a statistically significant interaction between IOS and lighting type. Under LS, accuracy was significantly higher with 3Shape® than with CS 3600 CareStream®, which had significantly higher accuracy than Virtuo Vivo™ Straumann®. CONCLUSIONS: The models obtained with the three IOS evaluated exhibited excellent accuracy under the different illuminance tested and the 3Shape® under the three illuminance conditions was the device that presented the best precision, specifically when using LC and LS.
Assuntos
Iluminação , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Modelos Dentários , Luz , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Prebiotics are substrates selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit. The effects of prebiotics on the gut microbiome of individuals with inflammatory processes need further investigations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of prebiotics on the gastrointestinal microbiome of individuals with some types of inflammatory conditions. Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of different prebiotics on the gut microbiome were included. A systematic review of the literature including searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was performed until 23 March 2023. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's criteria. Qualitative data was tabulated to facilitate comparisons and represented in the form of descriptive statistics and summary tables. Thirty trials, ranging from 12 to 135 patients, were included. The most commonly used prebiotic type was inulin-type fructans, and the treatment duration ranged from 1 to 36 weeks. The majority of the trials investigated the gut microbiome using 16 s rRNA gene sequencing on the Illumina Miseq platform. In general, prebiotic therapy exerted positive effects on inflammatory conditions. An increase in Bifidobacterium genus was the most common shift in bacterial composition observed. Within the limits of this systematic review, it can be suggested that prebiotic therapy presents the potential to favorably modulate the gastrointestinal microbiome of individuals with different types of inflammatory conditions.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Prebióticos , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Inulina , FrutanosRESUMO
Fungi exhibit three adverse effects on human health: inflammatory, allergic and toxic effects, these implications affect mainly immunodepressed patients. The objective of this work was to analyze the fungal microbiota of the ambient air of an Intensive Care Unit. Three collections were carried out in an Intensive Care Unit in the city of Rio Branco, Acre, Western Amazon, Brazil from March to May 2017. 126 Petri dishes were exposed with the culture medium Agar Sabouraud with chloramphenicol and Agar Mycosel, considering the distribution of the 21 air conditioners, split residential model. The plates were incubated for seven days at room temperature and the growth of Colony Forming Units was observed. Colony counting and isolation for the morphological characterization of the granted fungi was performed. After quantification, the concentration of fungi per cubic meters of air (CFU.m-3) was settled. The third collection had a larger number of colony forming units with 48.6%. In the total of the analyzed samples, filamentous fungi (85.5%) and yeasts (14.5%) were isolated. Thirteen genera of fungi were identified, with the most frequent filaments being Cladosporium spp. 33.0%, Aspergillus spp. 30.4% and Penicillium spp. 19.6%, and yeasts Candida spp. 52.6%, Trichosporon spp. 36.9%. The colony-forming unit per cubic meter (CFU.m-3) did not shown any difference between the Cores in the same collection period, however in the 1st and 3rd collection, Core 1 had the highest average. The fungal microbiota of this Unit presented thirteen different genera potentially pathogenic, revealing the need for monitoring microorganisms and prevention actions.
Assuntos
Micobioma , Humanos , Brasil , Ágar , Microbiologia do Ar , Fungos , Unidades de Terapia IntensivaRESUMO
Leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis are zoonoses of occupational character that are spread worldwide, mainly in tropical and socioeconomically vulnerable areas. Both diseases have vertebrate hosts, which spread the infectious agent to the environment and are potentially infectious to humans and can progress to fatal cases. The present study reinforces the importance of One Health for the control and prophylaxis of leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis using sentinel animals in areas of socioeconomic vulnerability based on a serological study. A total of 336 blood samples were obtained from the canine population of the urban district, which has high rates of poverty and sanitation. The results were analyzed based on seroreactivity animals and georeferencing by kernel spatial mapping. A total of 43.3% (52/120) of the animals were seroreagents for anti-Leptospira spp., with a predominance of Canicola (35/52 = 67.3%) and Pyrogenes (5/52 = 9.6%), while 52.97% (178/336) of the dogs were seroreactive for anti-Toxoplasma gondii. The presence of seroreagent dogs for both zoonosis alert to the inadequate hygienic-sanitary conditions of the studied region, and highlight the importance of a survey of the social, economic and environmental structure to identify factors related to the links in the epidemiological chain of pathogen transmission and necessary corrective actions.
Leptospirose e toxoplasmose são zoonoses de caráter ocupacional disseminadas mundialmente, principalmente em áreas tropicais e socioeconomicamente vulneráveis. Ambas as doenças têm hospedeiros vertebrados, que espalham o agente infeccioso para o meio ambiente e são potencialmente infecciosos para o homem, as quais podem evoluir para casos fatais. O presente estudo reforça a importância da saúde única para o controle e a profilaxia da leptospirose e da toxoplasmose, mediante a utilização de animais sentinela em áreas de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, com base em estudo sorológico. Um total de 336 amostras de sangue foi obtido da população canina de um distrito urbano que apresenta altos índices de pobreza e ausência de saneamento básico. Os resultados foram analisados com base em animais sororreagentes e georreferenciados por mapeamento espacial de Kernel. Um total de 43,3% (52/120) dos animais foi sororreagente para anti-Leptospira spp., com predominância de Canicola (35/52 = 67,3%) e Pirogenes (5/52 = 9,6%), enquanto 52,97% (178/336) dos cães foram sororreagentes para anti-Toxoplasma gondii. A presença de cães sororreagentes para ambas as doenças alerta para as condições higiênico-sanitárias inadequadas da região estudada e evidencia a importância de um levantamento da estrutura social, econômica e ambiental para identificar fatores relacionados aos elos da cadeia epidemiológica de transmissão do patógeno e ações corretivas necessárias.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Toxoplasma , Zoonoses , Toxoplasmose Animal , Doenças do Cão , LeptospiroseRESUMO
The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of the single transphyseal screw technique in foals diagnosed with carpal valgus deviation. This study included 22 thoroughbred animals of both sexes, with a mean age of 30 days. All animals had a carpal valgus deviation >5° with irregular development of the distal epiphysis of the radius. All animals were surgically treated to correct the carpal valgus deviation by creating a bridge using a single transphyseal screw. Surgical intervention was performed for 40 limbs, comprising 19 right and 21 left thoracic limbs. This corresponded to four animals with carpal valgus deviation >5° in only one of the limbs and 18 with the deviation in both limbs. It was observed that 38/40 treated limbs (95%) achieved normal angulation according to the literature, i.e., angulation between 0° and 5°. No statistical differences were observed between the affected limbs. The single transphyseal screw technique can be used for the correction of carpal valgus deviation in foals. It is indicated in animals with an average age of 30 days (20-55 days), as its main advantages are rapid application, simple execution, and limited trans- and post-surgical complications, making it an effective procedure in thoroughbred foals with carpal valgus angular deviation.
O objetivo do presente estudo foi demonstrar a viabilidade da aplicação da técnica de parafuso único transfiseal em potros, com diagnóstico de desvio valgo do carpo. Foram selecionados 22 animais, da raça PSI, com idade média de 30 dias, de ambos os sexos. Todos os animais apresentavam desvio valgo do carpo acima de cinco graus, com desenvolvimento irregular da epífise distal do rádio. Os animais foram submetidos à cirurgia corretiva para o desvio valgo do carpo por meio da realização de ponte com um único parafuso transfiseal. Foram submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica 40 membros, divididos entre membros torácicos direito e esquerdo 19 e 21, respectivamente, que corresponderam a quatro animais com desvio acima de 5 graus valgo do carpo em apenas um dos membros e 18 animais com o procedimento nos dois membros. Observou-se que 38 dos 40 membros tratados, ou seja, 95%, retornaram a uma angulação considerada normal, entre zero e cinco graus Dois animais apresentaram infecção do implante, de maneira que eles reduziram a angulação, porém não o suficiente para enquadrá-los na angulação normal estabelecida pela literatura. Não houve diferença estatística entre os membros acometidos. A técnica de aplicação do único parafuso transfiseal pode ser indicada para correção do desvio valgo do carpo em potros. Deve ser indicada em animais com idade média de 30 dias (20 a 55 dias de vida), por ter como principais vantagens aplicação rápida, execução simples e com limitadas intercorrências trans e pós-cirúrgicas.
Assuntos
Animais , Próteses e Implantes/veterinária , Doenças dos CavalosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Artificial insemination is widely employed in poultry, but high degrees of bacterial contamination are often observed in semen because of its passage through the cloaca. Consequently, most semen extenders for birds have antibiotics that could aggravate bacterial resistance. METHODS: We evaluated the potential of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an alternative to the use of antibiotics, and assessed whether changes in concentration and incubation time with methylene blue (MB), radiant exposure, and irradiance of light affect spermatozoa activity and bacteria in chicken semen. RESULTS: Incubation with MB (< 25 µM) did not alter sperm motility, regardless of the pre-irradiation time (PIT, 1 or 5 min). Following 1 min of PIT with MB at 10 µM, samples were irradiated for 30, 60, 120, and 180 s at irradiances of 44, 29, and 17 mW/ cm² (660 nm LedBox). MB and light alone did not interfere with the analyzed parameters. However, when both factors were associated, increases in light dose led to greater reductions in sperm parameters, regardless of the irradiance used. Besides, PDT conditions that were less harmful to spermatozoa were not able to significantly reduce bacterial colonies in chicken semen. CONCLUSIONS: A failure in MB selectivity could explain unsuccessful bacterial reduction following PDT. Further research involving other photosensitizers or conjugating molecules to MB to target microbial cells is needed for PDT application in poultry breeders.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Fotoquimioterapia , Animais , Masculino , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Azul de Metileno/farmacologia , Azul de Metileno/uso terapêutico , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Sêmen , Galinhas , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Fermentation has been used since the Early Neolithic period to preserve foods. It has inherent organoleptic and nutritive properties that bestow health benefits, including reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, supporting the growth of salutogenic microbiota, enhancing intestinal mucosal protection and promoting beneficial immunometabolic health effects. The fermentation of food with specific microbiota increases the production salutogenic bioactive compounds that can activate Nrf2 mediated cytoprotective responses and mitigate the effects of the 'diseasome of aging' and its associated inflammageing, which presents as a prominent feature of obesity, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. This review discusses the importance of fermented food in improving health span, with special reference to cardiometabolic diseases.