RESUMO

Controversial results have been reported on the association between mode of delivery and patient satisfaction. This study investigates which mode of delivery leads to greater satisfaction with hospital admission for childbirth. A cohort study was conducted with data from the Birth in Brazil study, which began in 2011. A total of 23,046 postpartum women were included from a random sample of hospitals, selected by conglomerates with a three level stratification. At the first follow-up, 15,582 women were re-interviewed. Mode of delivery, dichotomized into vaginal or cesarean section, and confounders were collected before hospital discharge. The outcome maternal satisfaction, investigated as a 10-item unidimensional construct, was measured by the Hospital Birth Satisfaction Scale up to six months after discharge. We used a directed acyclic graph to define minimal adjustment variables for confounding. The effect of mode of delivery on satisfaction was estimated using a structural equation model with weighting by the inverse of the probability of selection, considering the complex sampling design. The weight was estimated considering the different sample selection probabilities, the losses to follow-up, and the propensity score, which was estimated in a logistic regression model. The analysis revealed no significant difference in satisfaction with hospitalization for childbirth between respondents who had vaginal delivery and cesarean section in the adjusted analysis (standardized coefficient = 0.089; p-value = 0.056). Therefore, women who had vaginal delivery and cesarean section were equally satisfied with their hospitalization for childbirth.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Controversial results have been reported on the association between mode of delivery and patient satisfaction. This study investigates which mode of delivery leads to greater satisfaction with hospital admission for childbirth. A cohort study was conducted with data from the Birth in Brazil study, which began in 2011. A total of 23,046 postpartum women were included from a random sample of hospitals, selected by conglomerates with a three level stratification. At the first follow-up, 15,582 women were re-interviewed. Mode of delivery, dichotomized into vaginal or cesarean section, and confounders were collected before hospital discharge. The outcome maternal satisfaction, investigated as a 10-item unidimensional construct, was measured by the Hospital Birth Satisfaction Scale up to six months after discharge. We used a directed acyclic graph to define minimal adjustment variables for confounding. The effect of mode of delivery on satisfaction was estimated using a structural equation model with weighting by the inverse of the probability of selection, considering the complex sampling design. The weight was estimated considering the different sample selection probabilities, the losses to follow-up, and the propensity score, which was estimated in a logistic regression model. The analysis revealed no significant difference in satisfaction with hospitalization for childbirth between respondents who had vaginal delivery and cesarean section in the adjusted analysis (standardized coefficient = 0.089; p-value = 0.056). Therefore, women who had vaginal delivery and cesarean section were equally satisfied with their hospitalization for childbirth.

Estudos mostram resultados controversos sobre a associação entre o tipo de parto e a satisfação da paciente. Este estudo investiga qual tipo de parto traz maior satisfação com a internação hospitalar para o parto. Foi realizado um estudo de coorte com dados da pesquisa Nascer no Brasil, iniciada em 2011. Foram incluídas 23.046 puérperas de uma amostra aleatória de hospitais, por conglomerados, com estratificação em três níveis. No primeiro seguimento, 15.582 mulheres foram reentrevistadas. Coletou-se antes da alta hospitalar dados sobre o tipo de parto, dicotomizado em vaginal e cesáreo, e fatores de confusão. O desfecho satisfação materna, avaliado como um construto unidimensional de 10 itens, foi mensurado pela Escala de Satisfação com a Hospitalização para o Parto até seis meses após a alta. As variáveis mínimas de ajuste para confusão foram definidas em um gráfico acíclico direcionado. O efeito do tipo de parto sobre a satisfação foi estimado em um modelo de equação estrutural com ponderação pelo inverso da probabilidade de seleção, considerando o desenho amostral complexo. A ponderação foi estimada considerando as diferentes probabilidades de seleção da amostra, as perdas de seguimento e o escore de propensão. O escore de propensão foi estimado em um modelo de regressão logística. Não houve diferenças na satisfação com a internação para o parto entre as entrevistadas que tiveram partos vaginais e cesáreos na análise ajustada (coeficiente padronizado = 0,089; p = 0,056). As mulheres que tiveram partos vaginais e cesáreos ficaram igualmente satisfeitas com a hospitalização para o parto.

Los estudios muestran resultados controvertidos en cuanto a la asociación entre el tipo de parto y la satisfacción de la paciente. Este estudio investiga qué tipo de parto presenta mayor satisfacción con la hospitalización para el parto. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte con los datos de la encuesta Nacer en Brasil, que había comenzado en 2011. Se incluyeron a 23.046 puérperas de una muestra aleatoria de hospitales, por conglomerados, con estratificación en tres niveles. En el primer seguimiento se volvió a entrevistar a 15.582 mujeres. Los datos sobre el tipo de parto, ya sea por cesárea o vaginal, y los factores de confusión se recogieron antes del alta hospitalaria. El resultado de satisfacción materna, evaluado como un constructo unidimensional de diez ítems, se midió con la Escala de Satisfacción con la Hospitalización por Parto hasta seis meses después del alta. Las variables de ajuste mínimo de confusión se definieron en un gráfico acíclico dirigido. El efecto del tipo de parto sobre la satisfacción se estimó en un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales ponderadas por la inversa de la probabilidad de selección, considerando el diseño de muestreo complejo. La ponderación se estimó con diferentes probabilidades de selección de la muestra, pérdidas de seguimiento y puntuación de propensión. La puntuación de propensión se estimó mediante el modelo de regresión logística. No hubo diferencias en la satisfacción con la hospitalización por parto entre las encuestadas que tuvieron partos vaginales o por cesárea en el análisis ajustado (coeficiente estandarizado = 0,089; p = 0,056). Tanto las mujeres que tuvieron partos vaginales como las que tuvieron por cesárea estaban igualmente satisfechas con su hospitalización por parto.

RESUMO

Resumo Introdução Considerando-se a magnitude da hipertensão arterial sistêmica e suas complicações, assim como a importância da atividade física regular na sua prevenção e/ou tratamento, é necessário identificar os fatores associados à prática de atividade física insuficiente. Objetivo Analisar os fatores associados à atividade física insuficiente em hipertensos atendidos na atenção primária à saúde. Método Estudo transversal realizado com amostra aleatória de 305 hipertensos em três unidades de saúde de São Luís (MA). Foi realizada análise bivariada, com estimativas de razões de prevalência, intervalos de confiança e análise multivariada por regressão de Poisson. Resultados A atividade física insuficiente foi observada em 38,7% da amostra. Atividade física insuficiente foi associada a menos de 8 anos de educação formal (razão de prevalência - RP = 1,58; intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC = 1,04-2,39), colesterol total ≥200 mg/dL (RP = 0,78; IC 95% = 0,58 -1,04), lipoproteína de baixa densidade colesterol-LDLc ≥100 mg/dL (RP = 0,79; IC 95% = 0,53-0,95) e lipoproteína de alta densidade colesterol-HDLc <40 mg / dL entre homens e <50 mg/dL entre mulheres (RP = 1,21; IC 95% = 0,90-1,64). A escolaridade <8 anos (RP = 1,50; IC 95% = 0,99-2,29) e LDLc ≥100 mg/dL (RP = 0,72; IC 95% = 0,54-0,96) também estiveram associados na regressão multivariada. Conclusão Observou-se alta prevalência de atividade física insuficiente e sua associação com baixa escolaridade e LDLc alterado em hipertensos.

Abstract Background Considering the magnitude of systemic hypertension (SH) and its complications, as well as the importance of regular physical activity in its prevention and/or treatment, there is a necessity to identify the factors associated with insufficient practice of physical activity. Objective To analyze factors associated with insufficient physical activity in hypertensive patients treated at Primary Health Care (PHC). Method This cross-sectional study was performed with a random sample of 305 hypertensive patients in three PHC units in São Luis, state of Maranhão, Brazil. A bivariate analysis was performed with estimates of prevalence ratios and confidence intervals, and multivariate analysis using Poisson regression. Results Insufficient physical activity was observed in 38.7% of the sample. Insufficient physical activity was associated with having <8 years of formal education (prevalence ratio-PR=1.58; 95% confidence interval-CI=1.04-2.39), total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL (PR=0.78; 95% CI=0.58-1.04), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-LDL ≥100 mg/dL (PR=0.79; 95% CI=0.53-0.95), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-HDL <40 mg/dL among men and <50 mg/dL among women (PR=1.21; 95% CI=0.90-1.64). Length of education <8 years (PR=1.50; 95% CI=0.99-2.29) and LDL ≥100 mg/dL (PR=0.72;95% CI=0.54-0.96) were also associated in the multivariate regression. Conclusion High prevalence of insufficient physical activity and its association with low education level and altered LDL serum levels were observed in hypertensive patients.

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the hospital birth satisfaction scale with data from the first follow-up interview of the Birth in Brazil survey. The 11 questions of the scale were asked by telephone up to six months after discharge in a stratified random sample of 16,109 women residing in all five regions of the country. The sample was randomly divided into two halves. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied to the first half in order to identify the scale's factorial structure. The scree plot suggested the scale to be one-dimensional. The EFA demonstrated a good fit of the one-dimensional model. Factor loadings were greater than 0.5 for all items, except for the mean time transpired between leaving the home and arriving at the maternity hospital, which was excluded from the next analysis. The confirmatory factor analysis applied to the sample's second half with the remaining ten items had a good fit and the factor loadings were > 0.50 with p-values < 0.001. The associations between birth satisfaction and the external variables, the mother's education level (standardized coefficient = 0.073; p = 0.035), private insurance (SC = 0.183; p < 0.001) and having a companion at some point during the hospitalization for labor (SC = 0.193; p = 0.001) were all as expected. There was evidence of configural and metric invariance according to type of hospital (private or public) and type of delivery (cesarean or vaginal). These results showed that the hospital birth satisfaction scale in Brazil is a one-dimensional instrument composed of ten items.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the hospital birth satisfaction scale with data from the first follow-up interview of the Birth in Brazil survey. The 11 questions of the scale were asked by telephone up to six months after discharge in a stratified random sample of 16,109 women residing in all five regions of the country. The sample was randomly divided into two halves. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied to the first half in order to identify the scale's factorial structure. The scree plot suggested the scale to be one-dimensional. The EFA demonstrated a good fit of the one-dimensional model. Factor loadings were greater than 0.5 for all items, except for the mean time transpired between leaving the home and arriving at the maternity hospital, which was excluded from the next analysis. The confirmatory factor analysis applied to the sample's second half with the remaining ten items had a good fit and the factor loadings were > 0.50 with p-values < 0.001. The associations between birth satisfaction and the external variables, the mother's education level (standardized coefficient = 0.073; p = 0.035), private insurance (SC = 0.183; p < 0.001) and having a companion at some point during the hospitalization for labor (SC = 0.193; p = 0.001) were all as expected. There was evidence of configural and metric invariance according to type of hospital (private or public) and type of delivery (cesarean or vaginal). These results showed that the hospital birth satisfaction scale in Brazil is a one-dimensional instrument composed of ten items.

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar as propriedades psicométricas da escala de satisfação com a assistência hospitalar no parto, a partir dos dados da primeira entrevista de seguimento do estudo Nascer no Brasil. As 11 perguntas da escala foram endereçadas via telefone dentro de seis meses depois da alta hospitalar em uma amostra aleatória estratificada de 16.109 mulheres residentes nas cinco macrorregiões brasileiras. A amostra foi dividida aleatoriamente em duas metades. Na primeira metade, foi realizada análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) para identificar a estrutura fatorial da escala. O gráfico de declividade sugeriu que a escala era unidimensional. A AFE demonstrou bom ajuste do modelo unidimensional. As cargas fatoriais foram maiores de 0,50 para todos os itens, exceto para o tempo médio de viagem da residência da parturiente até a maternidade, que foi excluído da análise subsequente. A análise fatorial confirmatória realizada com os dez itens remanescentes na segunda metade da amostra mostrou bom ajuste, com cargas fatoriais > 0,50 e valores de p < 0,001. As associações entre a satisfação com a assistência hospitalar no parto e as variáveis externas de escolaridade materna (coeficiente padronizado = 0,073; p = 0,035), plano de saúde privado (CP = 0,183; p < 0,001) e ter acompanhante em algum momento durante a internação para o parto (CP = 0,193; p = 0,001) foram na direção esperada. Houve evidências de invariância configural e métrica de acordo com o tipo de hospital (privado vs. público) e tipo de parto (cesáreo vs. vaginal). Os resultados mostram que a escala de satisfação com a assistência hospitalar no parto no Brasil é um instrumento unidimensional constituído de dez itens.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de satisfacción sobre cuidados hospitalarios durante el parto, con datos procedentes de la primera entrevista de seguimiento, pertenecientes a la encuesta Nacer en Brasil. Se hicieron 11 preguntas de esta escala por teléfono hasta seis meses después del parto, mediante un muestreo aleatorio estratificado a 16.109 mujeres, residentes en las cinco regiones del país. Se dividió el mismo aleatoriamente en dos mitades. En la primera, se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) para identificar la estructura factorial de la escala. El gráfico de sedimentación indicó que la escala era unidimensional. El AFE demostró un buen ajuste al modelo unidimensional. Las cargas factoriales fueron superiores al 0,5 en todos los ítems, excepto en el tiempo empleado en ir de casa al hospital materno-infantil, que se excluyó del siguiente análisis. En la segunda mitad de la muestra se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio con los diez ítems restantes que tuvo un buen ajuste y cuyas cargas factoriales fueron > 0,50 con p-valor < 0,001. Las asociaciones entre la satisfacción con los cuidados hospitalarios recibidos para el parto, las variables externas, escolaridad maternal (coeficiente estandarizado = 0,073; p = 0,035), seguro privado (CE = 0,183; p < 0,001) y contar con pareja en algún momento durante la hospitalización para el parto (CE = 0,193; p = 0,001), estuvieron en línea con lo esperado. Hubo evidencia de invarianza métrica y de configuración, según el tipo de hospital (privado o público), y tipo de parto (cesárea o vaginal). Estos resultados mostraron que la escala de satisfacción sobre cuidados hospitalarios durante el parto en Brasil es un instrumento unidimensional compuesto de diez ítems.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivo: Verificar, na mais recente literatura, o efeito dos bicos artificiais, como mamadeiras e chupetas, sobre a prática do aleitamento materno. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO e PubMed, considerando estudos originais publicados entre os anos de 2010 e 2015, em português e inglês, utilizando-se os descritores "chupetas", "amamentação", "mamadeiras", "desmame" e "alimentação artificial", combinados ou isolados, com seus respectivos correspondentes na língua inglesa. Resultados: foram incluídos 25 artigos conforme os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Estudos apontaram uma relação entre o desmame e o uso de chupetas, e o desmame e uso de chupetas e outros bicos artificiais. Além disso, os estudos evidenciaram que a redução no uso de chupeta gera um aumento na duração do aleitamento. Outras variáveis comuns relacionadas ao desmame relatadas na literatura foram: ausência materna, trabalhar fora ou falta de proteção legal, baixa escolaridade materna, idade materna e problemas relacionados às mamas e nascimento em unidade não "Hospital Amigo da Criança". Conclusões: O uso de bicos artificiais está sendo relacionado ao desmame precoce ou à diminuição da duração do aleitamento materno. Necessita-se ainda que outros estudos sejam realizados a fim de compreender melhor como os bicos artificiais agem sobre as habilidades orais da criança. (AU)

Objective: To verify, in the most recent literature, the effect of artificial nipples, such as baby bottles and pacifiers, on the practice of breastfeeding. Methods: A review of the literature in the LILACS, SciELO and PubMed databases was carried out, considering original studies published between the years 2010 and 2015, in Portuguese and English, using the descriptors "pacifiers", "breastfeeding", "Weaning", and "artificial feeding", combined or isolated. Results: 25 articles were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies have pointed out a relationship between weaning and the use of pacifiers, and the weaning and use of pacifiers and other artificial nipples. In addition, studies have shown that reduction in pacifier use leads to an increase in the duration of breastfeeding. Other common variables related to weaning reported in the literature were maternal absence, working out or lack of legal protection, low maternal schooling, maternal age and problems related to breasts and birth in a non-baby friendly hospital. Conclusions: The use of artificial nipples is being related to early weaning or shortening the duration of breastfeeding. Further studies are needed to better understand how artificial nipples act on a child's oral skills. (AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivo: Determinar o estado nutricional e os fatores associados ao consumo alimentar de frutas, verduras e legumes por gestantes adolescentes atendidas em um serviço público de referência para assistência pré-natal. Métodos: Estudo transversal e analítico, com 73 gestantes adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos, atendidas no Núcleo de Assistência ao Adolescente (NASA) do Hospital Materno Infantil, em São Luís, Maranhão. Utilizou-se o Questionário de Frequência de Consumo Alimentar (QFCA), medidas antropométricas (peso, altura, índice de massa corporal - IMC - pré-gravídico e gravídico) e questionário socioeconômico. As variáveis dependentes foram o consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes, e as independentes foram escolaridade, estado civil, raça, renda, situação demográfica, dados gestacionais e antropométricos. Resultados: Observou-se que 39,7% apresentaram IMC pré-gestacional de desnutrição, 50,7% de eutrofia, e menos de 10% sobrepeso ou obesidade. Para o IMC gestacional, os valores se alteraram, com 27,4% das gestantes desnutridas, 57,5% eutróficas e 15,1% com sobrepeso. Observou-se que os maiores percentuais de adequação para o consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes foram em adolescentes casadas ou em união estável (65,4%), que não trabalhavam (92,3%) e com renda familiar menor que 1 salário mínimo (84,62%). Entretanto, a única associação positiva encontrada com o consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes foi o início do pré-natal. Conclusão: A maior parte das gestantes avaliadas apresentou-se eutrófica, apesar de cerca de um quarto apresentar baixo peso durante a gestação. Além disso, elas não consumiam uma dieta balanceada, com uma ingestão abaixo do recomendado de FVL. Entre os fatores relacionados a um melhor consumo de FVL destaca-se o início do acompanhamento pré-natal no primeiro trimestre.

Objective: To determine the nutritional status and the factors associated with dietary intake of fruits, green vegetables and legumes by pregnant adolescents attending a public service of reference for prenatal care. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study, with 73 pregnant adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years, attended to at the Service Center for Adolescents (NASA) of the Mother and Child Hospital, in São Luís, Maranhão. The study used the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), anthropometric measurements (weight, height, pregravid and gestational body mass index), and a socioeconomic questionnaire. The dependent variable was the consumption of fruits, green vegetables and legumes, and the independent variables were level of education, civil status, race, income, demographic status, pregnancy and anthropometric data. Results: It was observed that 39.7% had pregravid BMI of malnutrition, 50.7% were eutrophic, and less than 10% were overweight or obese. For the gestational BMI, the values changed, with 27.4% of undernourished pregnant women, 57.5% eutrophic and 15.1% overweight. The highest percentages of adequacy for consumption of fruits, green vegetables and legumes were observed in adolescents who were married or in a stable union (65.4%), did not work (92.3%), and had family income below one minimum wage (84.62%). However, the only positive association found with the consumption of fruits, green vegetables and legumes was the beginning of prenatal care. Conclusion: Themajor part of the evaluated pregnant adolescents was eutrophic, although about one fourth presented low weight during pregnancy. Moreover, they did not consume a balanced diet, with an intake of fruits, green vegetables and legumes below the recommended. Among the factors related to better consumption of these foods, the beginning of prenatal follow-up in the first trimester stands out.

Objetivo: Determinar el estado nutricional y los factores asociados al consumo alimentario de frutas, verduras y legumbres por adolescentes embarazadas asistidas en un servicio público de referencia para asistencia prenatal. Métodos: Estudio transversal y analítico con 73 embarazadas adolescentes entre 10 y 19 años asistidas en el Núcleo de Asistencia al Adolescente (NASA) del Hospital Materno Infantil de São Luís, Maranhão. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Frecuencia de Consumo Alimentario (QFCA), las medidas antropométricas (peso, altura, índice de masa corporal - IMC - pre-gravidico y gravidico) y cuestionario socioeconómico. Las variables dependientes fueron el consumo de frutas, verduras y legumbres y las independientes fueron la escolaridad, el estado civil, la raza, la renta, la situación demográfica, los datos de la gestación y antropométricos. Resultados: Se observó que el 39,7% presentaron IMC pre-gestacional de desnutrición, el 50,7% de eutrofia y menos del 10% de sobrepeso u obesidad. Los valores se alteraron para el IMC gestacional con el 27,4% de las embarazadas desnutridas, el 57,5% de eutróficas y el 15,1% de sobrepeso. Se observó que los mayores porcentuales de adecuación para el consumo de frutas, verduras y legumbres fueron en adolescentes casadas o con pareja de hecho (65,4%), que no trabajaban (92,3%) y tenían renta familiar menor que 1 sueldo mínimo (84,62%). Sin embargo, la única asociación positiva encontrada con el consumo de frutas, verduras y legumbres fue el inicio del prenatal. Conclusión: La gran mayoría de las embarazadas evaluadas estaba eutrófica aunque el alrededor de un cuarto de ellas tuvo bajo peso durante el embarazo. Además, ellas no tenían una dieta balanceada con una ingestión abajo del recomendado de FVL. De entre los factores relacionados al mejor consumo de FVL se destaca el inicio del seguimiento del prenatal en el primer trimestre.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Fundamentos: O menor grau de escolaridade na população parece estar associado com a maior prevalência dos fatoresde risco cardiovascular (FRCV). Contudo, poucos estudos avaliaram esse fato através de análise clínica e laboratorial em centros universitários. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência dos FRCV em servidores de universidade pública. Métodos: Estudo transversal, analítico, randomizado, com 319 participantes de uma coorte de servidores universitários. Analisou-se a prevalência dos FRCV através da medição dos níveis glicêmicos e pressóricos, perfil lipídico, índices antropométricos e foram realizadas análises comparativas de subgrupos de diferentes níveis de escolaridade. Realizou-se análise de regressão logística multivariada para avaliar a associação independente entre nível de escolaridade e presença dos FRCV. Resultados: Média de idade 46,0±10,0 anos, 52,5% mulheres, 56,0% com nível superior de escolaridade, 85,6% pertencentes às classes socioeconômicas B e C. Prevalência dos FRCV: diabetes mellitus (DM) 9,4%; hipertensão arterial sistêmica(HAS) 36,7%; dislipidemia 50,5%; tabagismo 21,9%; sobrepeso 59,6%; obesidade 13,2%; sedentarismo 27,9%. O grupo de menor nível de escolaridade se associou de forma independente com maior prevalência de DM e sedentarismo, quando comparado ao grupo dos servidores com nível superior (docentes e não docentes). DM=odds ratio 2,4(IC95% 1,05-5,5) e p=0,036; sedentarismo=odds ratio 2,2 (IC95% 1,3-3,7) e p=0,003. Os subgrupos não apresentaramdiferenças quanto às demais variáveis.

Background: The lower level of education in the population appears to be associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors(CVRF). However, few studies have assessed this fact by means of clinical and laboratory analysis in universities. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in public servants at a public university.Methods: Cross-sectional, analytical and randomized study, with 319 participants of a cohort composed of university public servants.CVRF prevalence was assessed by measuring blood glucose and blood pressure levels, lipid profile and anthropometric indices, and comparative analyses were made of subgroups with different education levels. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independentassociation between education level and presence of CVRF.Results: Mean age 46.0±10.0 years old, 52.5% women, 56.0% with higher education level, 85.6% belonging to B and C socioeconomic classes. Prevalence of CVRF: diabetes mellitus (DM) - 9.4%; systemic hypertension (SH) - 36.7%; dyslipidemia - 50.5%; smoking - 21.9%;overweight - 59.6%; obesity - 13.2%; sedentary lifestyle - 27.9%. The group with the lowest level of education had an independent association,with higher prevalence of DM and sedentary lifestyle, as compared to the group of public servants with higher level of education (teachersand non-teachers). DM=odds ratio 2.4 (95% CI 1.05 to 5.5) and p=0.036; sedentary lifestyle=odds ratio 2.2 (95% CI 1.3 to 3.7) andp=0.003. The subgroups showed no differences regarding the other variables. Conclusion: In this study, individuals with higher levels of education showed lower prevalence of diabetes and sedentary lifestyle.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of the implementation of neonatal screening on hospitalization and death rates due to sickle cell disease in patients from the state of Maranhão, Brazil. METHODS: A descriptive study was performed of all inpatients and deaths of patients with a diagnosis of sickle cell disease in Maranhão between 1999 and 2012. Data were collected from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian National Health Service (SUS) and the Death Information System of the Ministry of Health. The implementation of newborn screening tests in Maranhão took place in 2005, and so the periods 1999-2005 (pre) and 2006-2012 (post) were analyzed for trend analysis using a multiple linear regression model. Fisher's exact test was used for the analysis of categorical variables and the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables. RESULTS: The rate of hospitalization increased from 0.315 (pre) to 1.832 (post), indicating 5.82 times more admissions (p-value=0.04). The mortality rate increased from 0.115 to 0.216, that is 1.88 times higher, but this was not statistically significant (p-value=0.586). The median age at admission dropped from 11.4 years to 8.7 years (p-value=0.0002), whereas the median age at death increased from 10 years to 14 years (p-value=0.665). CONCLUSION: The increases in the rates of hospitalization and death after the implementation of neonatal screening suggests that previously there was an underdiagnosis of sickle cell disease and that screening, along with other factors, increased "visibility" in the state of Maranhão.

RESUMO

Objective: To assess the impact of the implementation of neonatal screening on hospitalization and death rates due to sickle cell disease in patients from the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Methods: A descriptive study was performed of all inpatients and deaths of patients with a diagnosis of sickle cell disease in Maranhão between 1999 and 2012. Data were collected from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian National Health Service (SUS) and the Death Information System of the Ministry of Health. The implementation of newborn screening tests in Maranhão took place in 2005, and so the periods 1999-2005 (pre) and 2006-2012 (post) were analyzed for trend analysis using a multiple linear regression model. Fisher's exact test was used for the analysis of categorical variables and the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables. Results: The rate of hospitalization increased from 0.315 (pre) to 1.832 (post), indicating 5.82 times more admissions (p-value = 0.04). The mortality rate increased from 0.115 to 0.216, that is 1.88 times higher, but this was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.586). The median age at admission dropped from 11.4 years to 8.7 years (p-value = 0.0002), whereas the median age at death increased from 10 years to 14 years (p-value = 0.665). Conclusion: The increases in the rates of hospitalization and death after the implementation of neonatal screening suggests that previously there was an underdiagnosis of sickle cell disease and that screening, along with other factors, increased "visibility" in the state of Maranhão. .

Assuntos