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This study evaluated the incidence of unfilled second mesiobuccal (MB2) canals and periapical lesions in first maxillary molars using CBCT e-Vol DX software. Hence, 326 CBCT images of first maxillary molars of patients undergoing endodontic treatment were selected. The e-Vol DX software performed a retrospective review of these images, recording the presence or absence of MB2 canals, filling, and periapical lesions in first maxillary molars. Specific statistical analysis was performed at a 5% significance level. Unfilled MB2 canals were highly frequent in first maxillary molars and significantly associated with periapical lesions in the mesiobuccal root of these teeth (p<0.05). The CBCT e-Vol DX software effectively detected MB2 canals, and unfilled canals may be associated with periapical lesions.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasonic activation (US) over glycolic acid on microhardness, cohesive strength, flexural strength, and fracture resistance of root dentin, comparing with conventional final irrigation protocols. METHODS: Samples were obtained from 140 extracted bovine teeth and distributed into four test groups: microhardness (50 teeth), cohesive strength (15 teeth), flexural strength (15 teeth), and fracture resistance (60 teeth). In all four tests, specimens were subdivided into five groups, according to final irrigation protocols: G1: distilled water (DW); G2: 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); G3: 17% glycolic acid (GA); G4: 17% EDTA + US; and G5: 17% GA + US. The duration time of each protocol was set in 1 min. After irrigation protocols, the Vickers tester was used to evaluate microhardness and the universal testing machine was used to evaluate the cohesive strength, flexural strength, and fracture resistance of the root dentin. One-way ANOVA test and the Tukey HSD were used for multiple comparison tests in all evaluations (α = 5%). RESULTS: In general, groups 2 (EDTA), 4 (EDTA + US), and 5 (GA + US) promoted the highest reduction of microhardness, being statistically different from other groups (p < 0.05). Cohesive strength, flexural strength, and fracture resistance data revealed that no differences between groups were observed (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The association of GA and US results in microhardness reduction, with no influence on cohesive strength, flexural strength, and fracture resistance of the root dentin. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of US over GA has no influence on some mechanical properties of root dentin.

Assuntos

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This study evaluated the effects of ultrasonic activation (US) associated to glycolic acid (GA) on smear layer, dentin structure and bond strength (BS) of filling/restorative material to root dentin. The roots were used for antimicrobial activity, dentin structure and BS evaluation, being distributed into seven groups, according to irrigation protocols: G1:DW+US; G2:17% EDTA; G3:QMix; G4:17% GA; G5:17% EDTA+US; G6:QMix+US; G7:17% GA+US. Scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electronic microscopy and push-out were performed, with specific statistical analysis for each evaluation. The highest smear layer removal occured in Groups 6 and 7 (p<0.05), and the largest collagen dispersion in Group 7, being similar to Group 2 and 5 (p>0.05). The highest BS of filling and restorative material occurred in Groups 6 and 7, and Groups 5, 6 and 7, respectively, being similars between them (p>0.05). The use of GA+US promoted effective smear layer removal and dentin structure preservation, improving the BS of filling/restorative material to root dentin.

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Objetivos: avaliar a sujidade de limas rotatórias e reciprocantes após instrumentação e procedimentos de limpeza pré-esterilização. Materiais e métodos: 24 limas rotatórias e as 24 limas reciprocantes foram divididas, aleatoriamente, em dois grandes grupos. No primeiro grupo, as 12 limas rotatórias e as 12 limas reciprocantes foram divididas, aleatoriamente, em seis subgrupos (SG): SG1 (controle negativo 1/n=1) ­ 1 lima rotatória não submetida à instrumentação; SG2 (controle negativo 2/n=1) ­ 1 lima reciprocante não submetida à instrumentação; SG3 (controle positivo 1/n=1) ­ 1 lima rotatória submetida à instrumentação e não submetida a qualquer protocolo de limpeza; SG4 (controle positivo 2/n=1) ­ 1 lima reciprocante submetida à instrumentação e não submetida a qualquer protocolo de limpeza; SG5 (grupo teste/n=10) ­ 10 limas rotatórias submetidas à instrumentação e submetidas ao protocolo de lavagem manual; SG6 (grupo teste/ n=10) ­ 10 limas reciprocantes submetidas à instrumentação e submetidas ao protocolo de lavagem manual. No segundo grupo, as 12 limas rotatórias e as 12 limas reciprocantes foram divididas, aleatoriamente, nos mesmos subgrupos, substituindo, nos subgrupos 5 e 6, a lavagem manual pela lavagem em cuba ultrassônica. A análise do nível de sujidade foi realizada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), sendo os dados submetidos ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: a menor média de sujidade entre os grupos experimentais foi encontrada no SG5 do G1, sem diferença significante em relação aos demais grupos testados (p>0,05). Conclusão: conclui-se que os protocolos de limpeza testados não foram completamente efetivos para a remoção de sujidade das limas endodônticas.(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the dirt of rotary and reciprocating files after instrumentation and pre- -sterilization cleaning procedures. Materials and Methods: 24 rotary files and the 24 reciprocating files were randomly divided into two groups. In the 1st group, 12 rotary files and 12 reciprocating files were randomly divided into six subgroups (SG): SG1 (negative control 1/n=1) ­ 1 rotary file not subjected to instrumentation; SG2 (negative control 2/n=1) ­ 1 reciprocating file not subjected to instrumentation; SG3 (positive control 1/n=1) ­ 1 rotary file submitted to instrumentation and not submitted to any cleaning protocol; SG4 (positive control 2/n=1) ­ 1 reciprocating file submitted to instrumentation and not submitted to any cleaning protocol; SG5 (test group/n=10) ­ 10 rotary files submitted to instrumentation and submitted to the manual cleaning protocol; SG6 (test group/n=10) ­ 10 reciprocating files submitted to instrumentation and submitted to the manual cleaning protocol. In the 2nd group, the 12 rotary files and the 12 reciprocating files were randomly divided into the same subgroups, substituting, in subgroups 5 and 6, manual with ultrasonic bath cleaning. The analysis of dirt levels was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), being the data submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: the lowest average of dirt between the experimental groups was found in SG5 of G1, with no significant difference when compared to the other groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: it could be concluded that the cleaning protocols were not completely effective in removing dirt from endodontic files.(AU)

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Objetivos: analisar, por meio de revisão de literatura, o impacto da cirurgia ortognática na qualidade de vida de pacientes com diferentes deformidades orofaciais e identificar a concepção e a percepção dos pacientes em relação às correções de deformidades faciais de um quadro prévio ao procedimento até o momento da avaliação. Metodologia: foi realizado um levantamento da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed e Medline, utilizando os seguintes termos de busca: "ortognática", "distúrbios temporomandibulares", "qualidade de vida" e "psicossocial". Os artigos foram escolhidos nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa, dentre aqueles publicados entre os anos de 1990 a 2019. Considerações finais: a correção das deformidades esqueléticas faciais e das irregularidades dentárias associadas pela cirurgia ortognática apresenta um impacto positivo na qualidade de vida dos pacientes pela melhora harmônica dos ossos esqueléticos faciais, resultando em uma estética facial favorável e em um aprimoramento das funções do sistema estomatognático.(AU)

Objectives: to analyze, through literature review, the impact of orthognathic surgery on the quality of life of patients with different orofacial deformities and to identify the patients' conception and perception about corrections of facial deformities prior to the procedure until the moment of evaluation. Methods: a literature review was performed using the PubMed and Medline databases using the following search terms: "orthognathic", "temporomandibular disorders", "quality of life" and "psychosocial". The articles were chosen in Portuguese and English between 1990 and 2019. Final considerations: correction of facial skeletal deformities and associated dental irregularities, by orthognathic surgery, have a positive impact on patients' quality of life through the harmonious improvement of skeletal facial bones, resulting in a favorable facial esthetics and an improvement of the functions of the stomatognathic system.(AU)

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