RESUMO
Previous studies have demonstrated a strong association between breastfeeding incidence and ethnic background, indicating the presence of strong cultural influences on infant-feeding patterns within ethnic groups. This study analyzed the relationship of acculturation into the United States, one aspect of ethnicity, to the initiation of breastfeeding among a sample of 213 women recruited approximately 2 months prenatally in the United States-Mexico border city of Brownsville, Texas. An in-depth, structured interview was conducted at that time (n = 213), at the time of birth (n = 207), and 2 to 3 weeks postnatally (n = 206). In addition, male partners of the mothers were interviewed prenatally when available (n = 119). Acculturation scores and demographic characteristics were tested relative to breastfeeding initiation. The degree of acculturation, age, and marital status were associated significantly with breastfeeding initiation (with breastfeeding continued at 2 to 3 weeks postnatally), but occupational status, education, and income were not. Breastfeeding incidence was highest among older, married, or low-acculturated, Anglo mothers. These data suggest that women being assimilated into the United States are inhibited in the initiation of breastfeeding. These findings suggest that to be successful, intervention programs to increase breastfeeding incidence must consider the cultural adaptation of different groups as they meld with the larger population.
Assuntos
Aculturação , Aleitamento Materno , Mães , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Entrevistas como Assunto , Idioma , América Latina/etnologia , Masculino , México/etnologia , Gravidez , TexasRESUMO
The influence of sociodemographic factors on the initiation of breast-feeding was evaluated in a triethnic population from Galveston, Tex. Breast-feeding rates were 44.3% among Anglo-Americans, 13.5% among blacks, and 26.6% among Mexican-Americans. Mexican ethnicity, education levels among Anglo-Americans, and marital status were associated with the initiation of breast-feeding. Odds ratios for breast-feeding were 1.94 (95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 3.43) times higher in Mexican-American compared with black women, and 1.94 (95% confidence interval, 1.34 to 2.83) times higher in married than unmarried women. Anglo-American ethnicity and education, as main effects, were not significantly associated with breast-feeding, but their interaction was. Among Anglo-American women (in comparison with black women), the odds ratios of breast-feeding increased with education level, ranging from 1.84 for those with less than an eighth grade education to 7.46 for those with some college. In contrast to recent findings suggesting that education was more important than ethnicity in predicting breast-feeding, the odds of breast-feeding among Anglo-American compared with black women depended on the level of maternal education, but the odds of breast-feeding for Mexican-American vs black women did not depend on education.
Assuntos
Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Aleitamento Materno , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Modelos Logísticos , México/etnologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
To understand why some lower socioeconomic status mothers delivering at a state university hospital breastfeed, while others do not, 26 attitude items were administered in a survey of 358 mothers. A factor analysis of these items yielded four interpretable factors: benefits to infant, social inconvenience, personal inconvenience, and physical inconvenience-medical benefits to child. These factors were significantly related to breastfeeding within each level of ethnicity and marital status. The results imply that emphasizing the benefits for the infant, and providing strategies for minimizing personal inconveniences, should promote breastfeeding in these populations.
Assuntos
Atitude , Aleitamento Materno , Etnicidade/psicologia , Mães/psicologia , Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Humanos , México/etnologia , Gravidez , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Texas , População Branca/psicologiaRESUMO
A survey was conducted of all mothers delivering infants at a university medical center hospital in the month of July, 1981. The survey was conducted within 48 hours of delivery and addressed factors related to the breastfeeding decision. The mother's response to the question concerning choice of infant feeding was verified against the feeding records. One set of questions concerned the perceived general supportiveness toward breastfeeding of six individuals significant to the mother. Another set of questions identified who was most influential in the mother's breast or bottle feeding decision. The pattern of significant bivariate relationships between a person's supportiveness and breastfeeding varied across ethnic and maritial status groups. Single and multiple logistic analyses were conducted within ethnic groups to identify from whom support was most important for initiating breastfeeding. Among Black-Americans, support from a close friend was most important. Among Mexican-Americans, support from the mother's mother was most important. Among Anglo-Americans, support from the male partner was important. A broad variety of ensuing research issues are raised. An implication is that social support may be an important interventive variable, but the potentially supportive individual to be reached by an interventive program varies by ethnic group.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Etnicidade/psicologia , Meio Social , Apoio Social , Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Tomada de Decisões , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Humanos , Casamento , México/etnologia , Comunicação Persuasiva , Estados Unidos , População Branca/psicologiaRESUMO
To investigate the effects on the newborn infant of maternal magnesium therapy for treatment of pre-eclampsia, we studied 36 hypermagnesemic infants born to pre-eclamptic mothers treated with MgSO4, 18 neonates born to untreated pre-eclamptic mothers, and 25 infants born to normal mothers. Impairment of neuromuscular transmission, as well as neurobehavioral differences when compared to controls, were found in hypermagnesemic infants. Awareness of the changes produced in the neonate by magnesium is important for accurate clinical assessment of the infant's condition, as well as for anticipating the postnatal interaction of magnesium with other drugs administered during labor and delivery.
Assuntos
Doenças do Recém-Nascido/induzido quimicamente , Sulfato de Magnésio/efeitos adversos , Hipotonia Muscular/induzido quimicamente , Pré-Eclâmpsia/tratamento farmacológico , Tetania/induzido quimicamente , Adulto , Cálcio/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/fisiopatologia , Magnésio/sangue , Hipotonia Muscular/fisiopatologia , Exame Neurológico , Potássio/sangue , Gravidez , Sódio/sangue , Tetania/fisiopatologiaAssuntos
Doenças Funcionais do Colo/induzido quimicamente , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/induzido quimicamente , Obstrução Intestinal/induzido quimicamente , Psicotrópicos/efeitos adversos , Benzotropina/efeitos adversos , Biperideno/efeitos adversos , Clorpromazina/efeitos adversos , Doxepina/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Tiotixeno/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Infants with primary pulmonary hypoplasia with respiratory distress immediately after birth, but usually elude early diagnosis. They have no other abnormalities, but frequently develop signs and symptoms of the PFC syndrome. Roentgenographically, they show small, clear lungs and are prone to develop complicating pneumothoraces. The clinical, roentgenographic, and pathologic features of eight infants with primary pulmonary hypoplasia are presented.