RESUMO

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, agente patogênico oportunista, é frequentemente encontrado em águas minerais e pode causar infecções em indivíduos imunocomprometidos. Neste estudo foi avaliada a sobrevivência e/ou a multiplicação de P. aeruginosa em amostras de água mineral em embalagens plásticas de 1,5 L e 20 L, experimentalmente contaminadas, armazenadas a 35 ± 1ºC, 4 ± 2°C e em temperatura ambiente (20-25ºC), durante o período de validade do produto. Nas amostras de água mineral em garrafa plástica de 1,5 L, armazenadas a 35 ± 1ºC e 4 ± 2ºC, a população de P. aeruginosamanteve-se viável durante 370 e 100 dias, respectivamente. O maior aumento da população bacteriana ocorreu nas amostras de água mineral em galão de 20 L, armazenadas entre 20 a 25ºC, que passou de 3,8 para 6,6 log10 UFC/mL em um período de sete dias. Portanto, os galões de 20 L merecem atenção especial, pois além de serem retornáveis, normalmente são armazenados à temperatura ambiente. Os resultados reforçam a necessidade das empresas de águas minerais implantarem e implementarem as Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) e o sistema Análise de Perigo e Pontos Críticos de Controle (APPCC) para eliminar ou minimizar os riscos do consumo deste produto. (AU)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, is often found in bottled waters and capable of infecting the immunocompromised patients. The present study aimed at evaluating the survival and/or the growth of P. aeruginosa strain in 1,5 L and 20 L bottled mineral water samples experimentally contaminated, stored at 35 ± 1°C, 4 ± 2°C, and at room temperature (from 20 to 25°C) during the product shelf-life period. In the mineral water samples contained in 1.5 L bottles, stored at 35 ± 1ºC and 4 ± 2ºC, P. aeruginosa remained viable for 370 and 100 days, respectively. The major increase in the bacterial population occurred in mineral water samples in 20 L bottles stored at 20 to 25ºC, being from 3.8 to 6.6 log10 CFU/mL, in a period of seven days. Therefore, the 20 L bottles deserve a special attention because, in addition of being returnable, they are usually stored at room temperature. The results reinforce the need of the mineral water companies in implementing the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and the HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) to eliminate and to minimize the risks of consuming the contaminated product. (AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, agente patogênico oportunista, é frequentemente encontrado em águas minerais e pode causar infecções em indivíduos imunocomprometidos. Neste estudo foi avaliada a sobrevivência e/ou a multiplicação de P. aeruginosa em amostras de água mineral em embalagens plásticas de 1,5 L e 20 L, experimentalmente contaminadas, armazenadas a 35 ± 1ºC, 4 ± 2°C e em temperatura ambiente (20-25ºC), durante o período de validade do produto. Nas amostras de água mineral em garrafa plástica de 1,5 L, armazenadas a 35 ± 1ºC e 4 ± 2ºC, a população de P. aeruginosa manteve-se viável durante 370 e 100 dias, respectivamente. O maior aumento da população bacteriana ocorreu nas amostras de água mineral em galão de 20 L, armazenadas entre 20 a 25ºC, que passou de 3,8 para 6,6 log10 UFC/mL em um período de sete dias. Portanto, os galões de 20 L merecem atenção especial, pois além de serem retornáveis, normalmente são armazenados à temperatura ambiente. Os resultados reforçam a necessidade das empresas de águas minerais implantarem e implementarem as Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) e o sistema Análise de Perigo e Pontos Críticos de Controle (APPCC) para eliminar ou minimizar os riscos do consumo deste produto.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, is often found in bottled waters and capable of infecting the immunocompromised patients. The present study aimed at evaluating the survival and/ or the growth of P. aeruginosa strain in 1,5 L and 20 L bottled mineral water samples experimentally contaminated, stored at 35 ± 1°C, 4 ± 2°C, and at room temperature (from 20 to 25°C) during the product shelf-life period. In the mineral water samples contained in 1.5 L bottles, stored at 35 ± 1ºC and 4 ± 2ºC, P. aeruginosa remained viable for 370 and 100 days, respectively. The major increase in the bacterial population occurred in mineral water samples in 20 L bottles stored at 20 to 25ºC, being from 3.8 to 6.6 log10 CFU/mL, in a period of seven days. Therefore, the 20 L bottles deserve a special attention because, in addition of being returnable, they are usually stored at room temperature. The results reinforce the need of the mineral water companies in implementing the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and the HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) to eliminate and to minimize the risks of consuming the contaminated product.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, agente patogênico oportunista, é frequentemente encontrado em águas minerais e pode causar infecções em indivíduos imunocomprometidos. Neste estudo foi avaliada a sobrevivência e/ou a multiplicação de P. aeruginosa em amostras de água mineral em embalagens plásticas de 1,5 L e 20 L, experimentalmente contaminadas, armazenadas a 35 ± 1ºC, 4 ± 2°C e em temperatura ambiente (20-25ºC), durante o período de validade do produto. Nas amostras de água mineral em garrafa plástica de 1,5 L, armazenadas a 35 ± 1ºC e 4 ± 2ºC, a população de P. aeruginosa manteve-se viável durante 370 e 100 dias, respectivamente. O maior aumento da população bacteriana ocorreu nas amostras de água mineral em galão de 20 L, armazenadas entre 20 a 25ºC, que passou de 3,8 para 6,6 log10 UFC/mL em um período de sete dias. Portanto, os galões de 20 L merecem atenção especial, pois além de serem retornáveis, normalmente são armazenados à temperatura ambiente. Os resultados reforçam a necessidade das empresas de águas minerais implantarem e implementarem as Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) e o sistema Análise de Perigo e Pontos Críticos de Controle (APPCC) para eliminar ou minimizar os riscos do consumo deste produto.(AU)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, is often found in bottled waters and capable of infecting the immunocompromised patients. The present study aimed at evaluating the survival and/ or the growth of P. aeruginosa strain in 1,5 L and 20 L bottled mineral water samples experimentally contaminated, stored at 35 ± 1°C, 4 ± 2°C, and at room temperature (from 20 to 25°C) during the product shelf-life period. In the mineral water samples contained in 1.5 L bottles, stored at 35 ± 1ºC and 4 ± 2ºC, P. aeruginosa remained viable for 370 and 100 days, respectively. The major increase in the bacterial population occurred in mineral water samples in 20 L bottles stored at 20 to 25ºC, being from 3.8 to 6.6 log10 CFU/mL, in a period of seven days. Therefore, the 20 L bottles deserve a special attention because, in addition of being returnable, they are usually stored at room temperature. The results reinforce the need of the mineral water companies in implementing the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and the HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) to eliminate and to minimize the risks of consuming the contaminated product.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Meat products may be vehicles of bacterial pathogens to humans, and Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are the most relevant. The aim of this study was to generate data on prevalence of these three pathogens in 552 samples of meat products (hot dogs, pork sausages, raw ground beef, and raw chicken legs) sold at retail in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Salmonella spp. was detected in 5.8% (32/552) of samples, comprising pork sausages 62.5% (20/32) and chicken legs 37.5% (12/32). The counts of Salmonella spp. were low, ranging from < 0.3 to 9.3 × 10 most probable number per gram and the most frequent serovars were Salmonella Typhimurium (28.1%), Salmonella I 4,[5],12:i:- (15.6%), Salmonella Enteritidis (12.5%), Salmonella Derby, and Salmonella Brandenburg (9.4%). Campylobacter spp. was detected in 33 samples (6.0%), comprising chicken legs (82%) and ground beef (18%). All samples were negative for STEC. These results suggest that meat products when subjected to inadequate cooking and/or cross-contamination with other products ready for consumption can lead to occurrence of outbreaks, highlighting the risks associated with them.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Salmonella is the most common etiological agent of cases and outbreaks of foodborne diarrheal illnesses. The emergence and spread of Salmonella spp., which has become multi-drug resistant and potentially more pathogenic, have increased the concern with this pathogen. In this study, 237 Salmonella spp., associated or not with foodborne salmonellosis in Brazil, belonging mainly to serotype Enteritidis, were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of the virulence genes spvC, invA, sefA and pefA. Of the isolates, 46.8% were sensitive to all antimicrobials and 51.9% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. Resistance to more than one antimicrobial agent was observed in 10.5% of the strains. The highest rates of resistance were observed for streptomycin (35.9%) and nalidixic acid (16.9%). No strain was resistant to cefoxitin, cephalothin, cefotaxime, amikacin, ciprofloxacin and imipenem. The invA gene was detected in all strains. Genes spvC and pefA were found in 48.1% and 44.3% of strains, respectively. The gene sefA was detected in 31.6% of the strains and only among S. Enteritidis. Resistance and virulence determinants were detected in Salmonella strains belonging to several serotypes. The high rates of antibiotic-resistance in strains isolated from poultry products demonstrate the potential risk associated with the consumption of these products and the need to ensure good food hygiene practices from farm to table to reduce the spread of pathogens relevant to public health.

Salmonella é o agente etiológico mais comumente envolvido em casos e surtos de doenças diarréicas de origem alimentar. A preocupação com este patógeno é, ainda, maior quando se verifica o surgimento e a disseminação de cepas multirresistentes e potencialmente mais patogênicas. Neste estudo, 237 cepas Salmonella spp., associadas ou não com casos ou surtos de salmonelose e pertencentes, principalmente, ao sorovar Enteritidis, foram avaliadas quanto ao perfil de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana e presença dos genes de virulência spvC, invA, sefA e pefA. Entre as cepas avaliadas, 46,8% foram sensíveis a todos os agentes antimicrobianos e 51,9% foram resistentes a pelo menos uma droga. Multirresistência foi observada em 10,5% das cepas. As maiores taxas de resistência foram observadas para estreptomicina (35,9%) e ácido nalidíxico (16,9%). Não foram detectadas cepas resistentes à cefoxitina, cefalotina, cefotaxima, amicacina, ciprofloxaxina e imipenem. O gene invA foi detectado em todas as cepas de Salmonella. Os genes spvC e pefA foram encontrados em 48,1% e 44,3% das cepas, respectivamente. O gene sefA foi detectado em 31,6% das cepas, estando presente somente entre as cepas de S. Enteritidis. Resistência antimicrobiana e marcadores de virulência foram detectados em cepas de Salmonella pertencentes a diversos sorovares. A alta taxa de resistência antimicrobiana verificada em cepas isoladas de frangos e derivados demonstra o potencial risco associado ao consumo destes produtos e a necessidade de se assegurar boas práticas de higiene em toda cadeia produtiva para reduzir a disseminação de patógenos relevantes para a saúde pública.

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RESUMO

This study evaluated the prevalence of the populations and serotypes of Listeria monocytogenes in 552 refrigerated samples of ground beef, chicken leg, hot dog, and pork sausage collected in supermarkets in the city of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil, between May 2008 and July 2009. The supermarkets were selected after stratification by geographical region and by random draw. Tests for presence and enumeration of L. monocytogenes were based on ISO 11290-1:1996/Amd.1:2004 and ISO 11290-2:1998 methods, respectively. Listeria spp. were detected in 469 (85.0%) of the studied meat products. The most frequently isolated species was L. innocua (64.1%), followed by L. monocytogenes (48.7%), L. welshimeri (13.4%), L. seeligeri (7.1%), L. ivanovii (0.2%), and L. grayi subspecies murrayi (0.2%). L. monocytogenes was detected in 269 (48.7%) samples, with highest prevalence in ground beef (59.4%) followed by chicken legs (58.0%), pork sausages (39.8%), and hot dogs (37.7%). The populations were <10(2) colony-forming units/g in the majority of samples (62.5%). Prevalence of serotypes varied according to the type of meat product. These data are relevant for estimating the risks of listeriosis associated with consumption of meat products in Sao Paulo, and for establishing science-based intervention strategies aimed at reducing these risks, especially for pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Salmonella is the most common etiological agent of cases and outbreaks of foodborne diarrheal illnesses. The emergence and spread of Salmonella spp., which has become multi-drug resistant and potentially more pathogenic, have increased the concern with this pathogen. In this study, 237 Salmonella spp., associated or not with foodborne salmonellosis in Brazil, belonging mainly to serotype Enteritidis, were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of the virulence genes spvC, invA, sefA and pefA. Of the isolates, 46.8% were sensitive to all antimicrobials and 51.9% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. Resistance to more than one antimicrobial agent was observed in 10.5% of the strains. The highest rates of resistance were observed for streptomycin (35.9%) and nalidixic acid (16.9%). No strain was resistant to cefoxitin, cephalothin, cefotaxime, amikacin, ciprofloxacin and imipenem. The invA gene was detected in all strains. Genes spvC and pefA were found in 48.1% and 44.3% of strains, respectively. The gene sefA was detected in 31.6% of the strains and only among S. Enteritidis. Resistance and virulence determinants were detected in Salmonella strains belonging to several serotypes. The high rates of antibiotic-resistance in strains isolated from poultry products demonstrate the potential risk associated with the consumption of these products and the need to ensure good food hygiene practices from farm to table to reduce the spread of pathogens relevant to public health.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterococcus spp. were evaluated in 360 frozen unse asoned chicken carcasses samples collected from September 2004 to June 2006 from the retail stores in São Paulo State, Brazil. Enterococcus spp. was isolated from all analyzed samples, and 1,332 strains were identified from them. Among the ten identified species, the predominance of E. faecalis, E. gallinarum, E.casseliflavus and E. faecium was occurred. All of the Enterococci strains showed some degree of resistanceto the nine antimicrobials utilized in the study. The percentages of antimicrobial resistance were: 89.2% for tetracycline, 91.4% for quinupristin-dalfopristin, 83.5% for erythromycin, 65% for ciprofloxacin, 55.4% for chloramphenicol, 6.5% for linezolid, 2.3% for vancomycin, 2.3% for teicoplanin and 0.2% for ampicillin. The occurrence of the high level resistance to amyno glicosides (HLR-A) was detected in 57.4% of the isolates. E. faecalis and E. faecium species, which are considered as important agents in nosocomial infections, showed resistance to eight and seven antibiotics, respectively.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterococcus spp. were evaluated in 360 frozen unse asoned chicken carcasses samples collected from September 2004 to June 2006 from the retail stores in São Paulo State, Brazil. Enterococcus spp. was isolated from all analyzed samples, and 1,332 strains were identified from them. Among the ten identified species, the predominance of E. faecalis, E. gallinarum, E.casseliflavus and E. faecium was occurred. All of the Enterococci strains showed some degree of resistanceto the nine antimicrobials utilized in the study. The percentages of antimicrobial resistance were: 89.2% for tetracycline, 91.4% for quinupristin-dalfopristin, 83.5% for erythromycin, 65% for ciprofloxacin, 55.4% for chloramphenicol, 6.5% for linezolid, 2.3% for vancomycin, 2.3% for teicoplanin and 0.2% for ampicillin. The occurrence of the high level resistance to amyno glicosides (HLR-A) was detected in 57.4% of the isolates. E. faecalis and E. faecium species, which are considered as important agents in nosocomial infections, showed resistance to eight and seven antibiotics, respectively. (AU)

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RESUMO

Cronobater spp. (E. sakazakii) é considerada um micro-organismo oportunista que vem ganhando atenção de autoridades de Saúde Pública, pelo crescente número de surtos de infecção em recém–nascidos e lactentes. A bactéria está associada a casos raros, com alta taxa de mortalidade, podendo causar meningites, enterocolite necrosante e septicemia. Cronobacter spp. tem ampla disseminação, porém apenas as fórmulas lácteas infantis em pó foram, epidemiologicamente, associadas às doenças causadas por esse agente. No presente estudo foi avaliada a ocorrência de Cronobacter spp. em alimentos destinados às crianças de 0-36 meses de idade, adquiridos em lactário de um hospital público do município de São Paulo. Vinte e seis amostras de fórmulas reconstituídas e 24 produtos em pó foram analisados segundo a metodologia da ISO. Cronobacter spp. foi detectada em uma amostra (3,8 por cento) reconstituída de alimento infantil à base de farinha de milho e em quatro desse produto em pó (16,7 por cento). A bactéria não foi detectada nas fórmulas infantis destinadas às crianças de 0-6 meses, contudo sua presença em outros alimentos infantis pode contribuir para a contaminação do ambiente e dos utensílios dos lactários por meio da contaminação cruzada.

Assuntos