RESUMO
Tritrichomonas foetus is a flagellated and anaerobic parasite able to infect cattle and felines. Despite its prevalence, there is no effective standardized or legal treatment for T. foetus-infected cattle; the vaccination still has limited success in mitigating infections and reducing abortion risk; and nowadays, the diagnosis of T. foetus presents important limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity in bovines. Here, we characterize the plasma membrane proteome of T. foetus and identify proteins that are represented in different isolates of this protozoan. Additionally, we performed a bioinformatic analysis that revealed the antigenicity potential of some of those proteins. This analysis is the first study to identify common proteins at the plasma membrane of different T. foetus isolates that could be targets for alternative diagnostic or vaccine techniques in the future.
Assuntos
Proteômica , Proteínas de Protozoários , Tritrichomonas foetus , Tritrichomonas foetus/isolamento & purificação , Proteômica/métodos , Proteínas de Protozoários/metabolismo , Proteínas de Protozoários/análise , Animais , Proteoma/análise , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Bovinos , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/parasitologia , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/diagnóstico , Biologia Computacional/métodosRESUMO
Introduction: The survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has improved dramatically due to novel systemic treatments. However, mRCC mortality continues to rise in Latin America. Methods: A retrospective, multicenter study of patients diagnosed with mRCC between 2010-2018 in Mexico City was conducted. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of healthcare insurance on access to treatment and survival in patients with mRCC. Results: Among 924 patients, 55.4%, 42.6%, and 1.9% had no insurance (NI), social security, (SS) and private insurance (PI), respectively. De novo metastatic disease was more common in NI patients (70.9%) compared to SS (47.2%) and PI (55.6%) patients (p<0.001). According to IMDC Prognostic Index, 20.2% were classified as favorable, 49% as intermediate, and 30.8% as poor-risk disease. Access to systemic treatment differed by healthcare insurance: 36.1%, 99.5%, and 100% for the NI, SS, and PI patients, respectively (p<0.001). NI patients received fewer lines of treatment, with 24.8% receiving only one line of treatment (p<0.001). Median overall survival (OS) was 13.9 months for NI, 98.9 months for SS, and 147.6 months for NI patients (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, NI status, brain metastases, sarcomatoid features, bone metastases, no treatment were significantly associated with worse OS. Conclusion: OS in mRCC was affected by insurance availability in this resource-limited cohort of Mexican patients. These results underscore the need for effective strategies to achieve equitable healthcare access in an era of effective, yet costly systemic treatments.
RESUMO
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has rapidly spread worldwide. The monitoring of animals has shown that certain species may be susceptible to be infected with the virus. The present study aimed to evaluate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by ELISA and virus neutralization (VN) in pets from owners previously confirmed as COVID-19-positive in Argentina. Serum samples of 38 pets (seven cats and 31 dogs) were obtained for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection. Three out of the seven cats and 14 out of the 31 dogs were positive for SARS-CoV-2 by ELISA, and one cat and six dogs showed the presence of neutralizing antibodies in which the cat and two of the six dogs showed high titers. Another dog from which three serum samples had been obtained within eight months from the diagnosis of its owner showed the presence of antibodies at different times by both ELISA and VN. However, the results showed that the antibodies decreased slightly from the first to the third sample. Our results provide evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection in pets living with COVID-19-positive humans from Argentina during the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 can be detected by serology assay.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Doenças do Gato , Doenças do Cão , Humanos , Cães , Animais , Gatos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/veterinária , SARS-CoV-2 , Surtos de Doenças , Anticorpos Antivirais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has rapidly spread worldwide. Studies of transmission of the virus carried out in animals have suggested that certain animals may be susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2. The aim of the present study was to investigate the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in pets (18 cats and 20 dogs) from owners previously confirmed as COVID-19-positive. Oropharyngeal and rectal swabs were taken and analyzed by real-time RT-PCR assays, while blood samples were taken for antibody detection. Of the total pets analyzed, one cat was found reactive to SARS-CoV-2 by real-time RT-PCR of an oropharyngeal and a rectal swab. This cat presented only sneezing as a clinical sign. Serological analysis confirmed the presence of antibodies in the serum sample from this cat, as well as in the serum from another cat non-reactive to real-time RT-PCR. Complete sequence and phylogenetic analysis allowed determining that the SARS-CoV-2 genome belonged to the B.1.499 lineage. This lineage has been reported in different provinces of Argentina, mainly in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. This study notifies the first detection of the natural infection and molecular analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in a cat from Argentina whose owner where COVID-19-positive. Although there is currently no evidence that cats can spread COVID-19, results suggest that health authorities should test pets with COVID-19-positive owners.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/virologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , SARS-CoV-2/genética , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Argentina , Teste de Ácido Nucleico para COVID-19/veterinária , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Gatos , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , DNA Complementar/química , Cães , Feminino , Genoma Viral/genética , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/veterinária , Filogenia , RNA Viral/genética , RNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , SARS-CoV-2/classificaçãoAssuntos
Falha de Equipamento , Coração Auxiliar/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Choque Cardiogênico/etiologia , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/terapia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Feminino , Ventrículos do Coração , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pericardiectomia , Choque Cardiogênico/diagnóstico , Choque Cardiogênico/terapia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Bovine Trichomonosis, an endemic sexually transmitted disease in countries with extensive livestock and natural service, represents one of the most common causes of reproductive failure. 5-nitroimidazoles and their derivatives are used for its treatment, mainly metronidazole (Mz). The emergence of resistance mechanisms adopted by the parasites against the drug and failure of the treatments suggest the need to investigate susceptibility and obtain current values. The available information of in vitro susceptibility of these drugs comes from the use of a diversity of methodologies and criteria, especially observation of the mobility of the parasite under the optical microscope to evaluate its viability. These techniques are arduous and time consuming and lead to a subjective assessment dependent on the operator, the methodology used, and the morphology adopted by the protozoan. In this sense, flow cytometry has proven to be a fast and efficient method to evaluate viability in other protozoa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of six bovine isolates of Tritrichomonas foetus to Mz in aerobic (AC) and anaerobic (ANC) conditions by means of the calculation of the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50), by flow cytometry, and also to analyze minimum lethal concentration (MLC) by means of recovery tests post-treatment in vitro. IC50 values ranged from 1.06 to 1.25 µM in ANC and from 1.44 to 3.03 µM in AC, these being the only ones reported at 48 h for these protozoa. With respect to MLC at 48 h, the results were from 3.67 to 7.35 µM in ANC, and from 7.35 to 14.7 µM for AC, where two isolates (Tf0 and Tf2) for AC and one (Tf2) for ANC showed higher values than those described in the literature. Flow cytometry has proven to be an effective, rapid and objective methodology and very useful in susceptibility tests. The data obtained through these tests allow us to describe the susceptibility exhibited by these protozoa, this being valuable information when establishing dosages in Mz treatments.