RESUMO
BACKGROUND: National and international guidelines on frailty assessment and management recommend frailty screening in older people. This study aimed to determine how Brazilian healthcare professionals (HCPs) identify and manage frailty in practice. METHODS: An anonymous online survey on the assessment and management of frailty was circulated virtually through HCPs across Brazil. RESULTS: Most of the respondants used non-specific criteria such as gait speed (45%), handgrip strength (37.6%), and comprehensive geriatric assessment (33.2%). The use of frailty-specific criteria was lower than 50%. The most frequently used criteria were the Frailty Index (19.1%), Frailty Phenotype (13.2%), and FRAIL (12.5%). Only 43.5% felt confident, and 40% had a plan to manage frailty. In the multivariate-adjusted models, training was the most crucial factor associated with assessing frailty, confidence, and having a management plan (p < 0.001 for all). Those with fewer years of experience were more likely to evaluate frailty (p = 0.009). Being a doctor increased the chance of using a specific tool; the opposite was true for dietitians (p = 0.03). Those who assisted more older people had a higher likelihood of having a plan (p = 0.011). CONCLUSION: Frailty assessment was heterogeneous among healthcare professions groups, predominantly using non-specific criteria. Training contributed to frailty assessment, use of specific criteria, confidence, and having a management plan. This data informs the need for standardized screening criteria and management plans for frailty, in association with increasing training at the national level for all the HCPs who assist older people.
Assuntos
Idoso Fragilizado , Fragilidade , Avaliação Geriátrica , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Fragilidade/diagnóstico , Fragilidade/epidemiologia , Fragilidade/terapia , Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Gerenciamento ClínicoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In addition to traditional risk factors for falls (e.g., reduced muscle strength, polypharmacy, and poor vision), researchers have been investigating whether other factors, such as near-falls, can be identified to allow early intervention and prevention. A near-fall can be defined as a slip, trip, or loss of balance that would result in a fall if adequate recovery mechanisms were not activated. Despite the increasing interest in near-falls, there is no consensus about the definition, reporting methods, and contributing factors. OBJECTIVE: To identify how near-falls among older adults have been defined, reported, and monitored in the scientific literature. METHODS: Indexed literature published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese will be considered and retrieved from 10 databases, until August 31st, 2020. Two authors will independently screen titles, abstracts, and full texts against the eligibility criteria, and disagreements will be resolved by a third reviewer. This review will consider studies with different designs that have included older adults (aged 60 years and over), recruited participants from different settings, and had an explicit definition and/or reporting of near-falls. A customized form will be used to extract data from the included studies. The results will be presented in tabular form, accompanied by a narrative summary. This protocol is registered at https://osf.io/txnv4. EXPECTED RESULTS AND RELEVANCE: Depending on the results, a conceptual framework for nearfall reporting, contributing factors, and a possible prodrome of falls will also be presented. It is expected that the present study will help professionals identify and manage near-falls in different settings.
INTRODUÇÃO: Além dos fatores de risco tradicionais para quedas (por exemplo, força muscular reduzida, polifarmácia e visão deficiente), pesquisadores têm investigado se outros fatores, como quase-quedas, podem ser identificados para permitir a intervenção e prevenção precoces. Uma quase-queda pode ser definida como um escorregão, um tropeço ou a perda de equilíbrio que resultaria em uma queda se os mecanismos de recuperação adequados não fossem ativados. Apesar do crescente interesse em quase-quedas, não há consenso sobre a definição, os métodos de registro e os fatores contribuintes. OBJETIVO: Identificar como as quase-quedas em idosos têm sido definidas, registradas e monitoradas na literatura científica. MÉTODOS: Será considerada a literatura indexada publicada em inglês, espanhol e português e extraída de 10 bases de dados, até 31 de agosto de 2020. Dois autores irão verificar os títulos, os resumos e os textos completos de forma independente de acordo com os critérios de elegibilidade, e as divergências serão resolvidas por um terceiro revisor. Nesta revisão, serão considerados estudos com diferentes desenhos que incluam idosos (com 60 anos ou mais), que tenham recrutado os participantes em diferentes ambientes e que tenham uma definição explícita e/ou registro de quase-quedas. Um formulário personalizado será utilizado para extrair os dados dos estudos incluídos. Os resultados serão apresentados em forma de tabela, acompanhados de um resumo narrativo. Este protocolo está registrado em https:// osf.io/txnv4. RESULTADOS ESPERADOS E RELEVÂNCIA: Dependendo dos resultados, também será apresentada uma matriz conceitual para o registro de quase-quedas, fatores contribuintes e um possível pródromo de quedas. Espera-se que o presente estudo ajude os profissionais na identificação e no gerenciamento de quase-quedas em diferentes cenários.
Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Acidentes por Quedas , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to scope the evidence on how researchers, health, and social care professionals in Brazil currently identify and manage frailty in older adults. INTRODUCTION: The rapidly aging population and associated increased healthcare usage by older people with frailty are challenging the sustainability of healthcare for older people in Brazil. Understanding how frailty is identified, measured, categorized, and managed in Brazil is an important part of building a response to the challenge. INCLUSION CRITERIA: This scoping review will consider studies that included older Brazilian adults (≥60 years old) recruited from different settings (community, primary care, health care centers, hospital, and long-term care institutions). Studies will be included if they involved any kind of frailty assessment (tools, scales, and measures) and/or interventions. This review will consider all study designs, regardless of their rigor. National policies for older people will be also be considered for analysis. METHODS: Indexed and gray literature in English or Portuguese from 2001 to the present will be considered. The searches will be conducted using bibliographic databases, university repositories, and the Brazilian Government official database. The studies will be independently screened according to the inclusion criteria by two reviewers based on their title, abstract, and full text. In case of disagreement, a third reviewer will be consulted. A customized data extraction form will be used to extract data from the included studies. The results will be presented in tabular form, accompanied by a narrative summary related to the objective of the present scoping review.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Atenção à Saúde , Fragilidade , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil , Fragilidade/diagnóstico , Fragilidade/terapia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Circulating fetuin-A (FetA) inhibits insulin receptor signaling and activates the toll-like receptor 4 proinflammatory cascade; thus, it may contribute to metabolic syndrome. Polymorphisms in alpha-2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein (AHSG), the gene which codes FetA, may influence metabolic syndrome progression in higher-risk ethnic groups. We aimed to identify whether individual variation in AHSG influences biomarkers of metabolic disease and obesity in young Mexican adults. METHODS: The participants were Mexican college applicants (18-25 years, n = 641). Dietary intake, anthropometric data, and blood for the analysis of biomarkers and genetics were collected. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in AHSG (rs2518136 and rs4917) were genotyped. RESULTS: Neither AHSG SNP was associated with body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference. rs4917 C allele carriers had lower triglycerides (TG) than T allele homozygotes (98.85 ± 2.3 vs. 112.2 ± 5.2 mg/dL, p = 0.0113). BMI was strongly associated with TG (p < 0.0001) regardless of genotype. The relationship between circulating TG and dietary intake of carbohydrates and saturated fat was significant in rs4917 CT allele heterozygotes only (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: rs4917 T allele carriers had higher TG. This relationship was exaggerated in individuals with overweight and obesity. Dietary intake was significantly associated with TG in only those with heterozygosity at rs4917, suggesting that these individuals may be more susceptible to dietary interventions.