RESUMO

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance and nutrient metabolizability of broilers fed diets containing fumonisin B1 (FB1) and an esterified glucomannan (EGM). In total, 420 male broilers were distributed according to a 3 x 2 + 1 factorial arrangement, corresponding to three FB1 exposure times (seven, 21, or 35 days), two dietary glucomannan addition levels (0 or 0.1% EGM), and control diet, totaling seven treatments. The following diets were fed: 1) Control diet, 2) pre-starter diet containing FB1, 3) pre-starter diet containing FB1 and 0.1% EGM, 4) starter diet containing FB1, 5) starter diet containing FB1 and 0.1% EGM, 6) grower diet containing FB1, and 7) grower diet containing FB1 and 0.1% EGM. On d 7, broilers fed FB1 presented lower body weight gain and feed intake (p 0.05) compared with control treatment. On d 21, no significant performance differences were detected among treatment groups (p>0.05). At 35 days of exposure to FB1 body weight gain was reduced (p 0.05) compared with broilers fed fumonisin B1 for seven days. From 4 to 7 days and 18 to 21 days of age, FB1 reduced nutrient metabolizability (p 0.05). From 36 to 39 days of age, the EGM allowed maintaining apparent metabolizability for ether extract. It was concluded that the EGM did not reduce FB1 effects on performance or nutrient metabolizability in broilers, except for apparent metabolizability of ether extract.

Assuntos

RESUMO

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance and nutrient metabolizability of broilers fed diets containing fumonisin B1 (FB1) and an esterified glucomannan (EGM). In total, 420 male broilers were distributed according to a 3 x 2 + 1 factorial arrangement, corresponding to three FB1 exposure times (seven, 21, or 35 days), two dietary glucomannan addition levels (0 or 0.1% EGM), and control diet, totaling seven treatments. The following diets were fed: 1) Control diet, 2) pre-starter diet containing FB1, 3) pre-starter diet containing FB1 and 0.1% EGM, 4) starter diet containing FB1, 5) starter diet containing FB1 and 0.1% EGM, 6) grower diet containing FB1, and 7) grower diet containing FB1 and 0.1% EGM. On d 7, broilers fed FB1 presented lower body weight gain and feed intake (p 0.05) compared with control treatment. On d 21, no significant performance differences were detected among treatment groups (p>0.05). At 35 days of exposure to FB1 body weight gain was reduced (p 0.05) compared with broilers fed fumonisin B1 for seven days. From 4 to 7 days and 18 to 21 days of age, FB1 reduced nutrient metabolizability (p 0.05). From 36 to 39 days of age, the EGM allowed maintaining apparent metabolizability for ether extract. It was concluded that the EGM did not reduce FB1 effects on performance or nutrient metabolizability in broilers, except for apparent metabolizability of ether extract.(AU)

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RESUMO

The physical and chemical characteristics of peat were assessed through measurement of pH, percentage of organic matter, cationic exchange capacity (CEC), elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and quantitative analysis of metals by ICP OES. Despite the material showed to be very acid in view of the percentage of organic matter, its CEC was significant, showing potential for retention of metal ions. This characteristic was exploited by coupling a peat mini-column to a flow system based on the multicommutation approach for the in-line copper concentration prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination. Cu(II) ions were adsorbed at pH 4.5 and eluted with 0.50 molL(-1) HNO(3). The influence of chemical and hydrodynamic parameters, such as sample pH, buffer concentration, eluent type and concentration, sample flow-rate and preconcentration time were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, a linear response was observed between 16 and 100 microgL(-1), with a detection limit estimated as 3 microgL(-1) at the 99.7% confidence level and an enrichment factor of 16. The relative standard deviation was estimated as 3.3% (n=20). The mini-column was used for at least 100 sampling cycles without significant variation in the analytical response. Recoveries from copper spiked to lake water or groundwater as well as concentrates used in hemodialysis were in the 97.3-111% range. The results obtained for copper determination in these samples agreed with those achieved by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) at the 95% confidence level.

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RESUMO

Uma cadela da raça Pinscher Miniatura foi medicada pelo proprietário com enrofloxacina, na dose de 50mg/kg, uma vez ao dia, por dois dias (dose diária 10 vezes maior que a prescrita). Ao exame clínico o animal apresentou-se deprimido, em cifose lombar, hipotérmico, com mucosas pálidas, dispnéia, sialorréia, vômitos e anúria, evoluindo para parada respiratória, convulsões e coma. Foi realizado tratamento sintomático. O fluxo urinário retornou ao normal em 12 horas e as convulsões foram controladas, mas o animal permaneceu em coma, morrendo 72 horas após o início do tratamento. A necropsia e o histopatológico confirmaram insuficiência renal e hepática agudas, e choque hipovolêmico, compatível com intoxicação por enrofloxacina.(AU)

A Miniature Pinscher bitch was treated by the owner with enrofloxacin at dose of 50 mg/kg, once a day, for two days (daily dose rate 10 times greater than prescribed). Physical examination showed depression, lumbar cifosis, hipotermia, pale mucosa, dispneia, drewling, vomiting and anuria, followed by respiratory failure, seizures, and coma. Symptomatic treatment was performed, and the urinary flow returned to normal in 12 hours, and seizures were controlled. However, the animal stayed in coma, and died 72 hours after the beginning of the treatment. Acute renal and hepatic failure, and hipovolemic shock, compatible with enrofloxacin intoxication, were observed through necropsia and histopatology.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Uma cadela da raça Pinscher Miniatura foi medicada pelo proprietário com enrofloxacina, na dose de 50mg/kg, uma vez ao dia, por dois dias (dose diária 10 vezes maior que a prescrita). Ao exame clínico o animal apresentou-se deprimido, em cifose lombar, hipotérmico, com mucosas pálidas, dispnéia, sialorréia, vômitos e anúria, evoluindo para parada respiratória, convulsões e coma. Foi realizado tratamento sintomático. O fluxo urinário retornou ao normal em 12 horas e as convulsões foram controladas, mas o animal permaneceu em coma, morrendo 72 horas após o início do tratamento. A necropsia e o histopatológico confirmaram insuficiência renal e hepática agudas, e choque hipovolêmico, compatível com intoxicação por enrofloxacina.

A Miniature Pinscher bitch was treated by the owner with enrofloxacin at dose of 50 mg/kg, once a day, for two days (daily dose rate 10 times greater than prescribed). Physical examination showed depression, lumbar cifosis, hipotermia, pale mucosa, dispneia, drewling, vomiting and anuria, followed by respiratory failure, seizures, and coma. Symptomatic treatment was performed, and the urinary flow returned to normal in 12 hours, and seizures were controlled. However, the animal stayed in coma, and died 72 hours after the beginning of the treatment. Acute renal and hepatic failure, and hipovolemic shock, compatible with enrofloxacin intoxication, were observed through necropsia and histopatology.

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RESUMO

Murine hybridomas producing IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against N and S2 (subscript) proteins (53KDa and 82 KDa, respectively) from avian infection bronchitis virus (IBV) strain M41 were generated by the fusion of a myeloma cell line (Sp2/0-Ag14) with spleen cells from Balb/c mice previously immunized with whole virus IBV M41. Post-fusion screening criterion was by ELISA and 36 positive hybrids were generated after fusions. Two hybrids specific to N (N3F10) and S2 (subscript) (S12B2) proteins from M41 (serotype Massachusetts) were selected by western blotting. These Mabs recognized the Ark-99 (serotype Arkansas) and A5968 (serotype Connecticut) IBV strains in addition to M41. By ELISA, the Mab against the S2 (subscript) (S12B2) recognized all reference and Brazilian strains (M41, SE-17, H52, 297, 283, PM-1, PM-2, PM-3, 351, 29-78 E 327) studied, while the Mab against N recognized only six (M41, SE-17, H52, 283, 327 e 297) strains. The Mab against S2 (subscript) may become a useful tool for IBV detection on the routine diagnosis of infectious bronchitis, especially for helping the differential diagnosis of clinically and pathologically confusing diseases, while the Mab against N (N3F10) recognized a probably less conserved region among the strains and may be interesting to comparing IBV isolates

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RESUMO

A flow system designed by computer-controlled discrete commutation devices is proposed for the multidetermination of metallic ions with a single chromogenic reagent. Intermittent addition of masking agents and changes of the reaction pH were exploited to implement selective determination of four species. Multidetection with an optical-fiber CCD-array spectrophotometer enabled simultaneous measurements at different wavelengths for multidetermination. The proposed system was applied to the determination of iron, copper, nickel and zinc in alloys and pharmaceutical preparations, yielding results in agreement with those obtained by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry at the 95% confidence level. The sampling rate was estimated to be 80 determinations per hour. Coefficients of variation lower than 2% (n = 20) were achieved for all species.

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RESUMO

A flow system exploiting multicommutation and multidetection is proposed for sequential determinations in pharmaceutical preparations. The feasibilities were demonstrated by the determination of zinc, iron, copper, calcium and magnesium without changing the flow set-up. The gravitational flow of the solutions was exploited for addition of different chromogenic reagents and sample aliquots, thus avoiding the use of a propulsion unit. Transient signals at different wavelengths were measured simultaneously employing a fiber-optic multichannel spectrophotometer. Coefficients of variation of 1.0, 1.5, 1.4, 2.5 and 2.0% were obtained for iron, zinc, copper, calcium and magnesium, respectively. The mean sampling rate for the five species was 60 determinations per hour. In comparison to continuous reagent addition systems, the consumption was up to 160-fold lower. Results for pharmaceutical preparations agreed with those obtained by Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) at the 95% confidence level.

RESUMO

Murine hybridomas producing IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against N and S2 proteins (53KDa and 82KDa, respectively) from avian infection bronchitis virus (IBV) strain M41 were generated by the fusion of a myeloma cell line (Sp2/0-Ag14) with spleen cells from Balb/c mice previously immunized with whole virus IBV M41. Post-fusion screening criterion was by ELISA and 36 positive hybrids were generated after fusions. Two hybrids specific to N (N3F10) and S2 (S12B2) proteins from M41 (serotype Massachusetts) were selected by western blotting. These Mabs recognized the Ark-99 (serotype Arkansas) and A5968 (serotype Connecticut) IBV strains in addition to M41. By ELISA, the Mab against the S2 (S12B2) recognized all reference and Brazilian strains (M41, SE-17, H52, 297, 283, PM-1, PM-2, PM-3, 351, 29-78 E 327) studied, while the Mab against N recognized only six (M41, SE-17, H52, 283, 327 e 297) strains. The Mab against S2 may become a useful tool for IBV detection on the routine diagnosis of infectious bronchitis, especially for helping the differential diagnosis of clinically and pathologically confusing diseases, while the Mab against N (N3F10) recognized a probably less conserved region among the strains and may be interesting to comparing IBV isolates.

Foram produzidos anticorpos monoclonais (AcM) da subclasse IgG1 contra as proteínas N (53KDa) e S2 (82KDa) do vírus da bronquite infecciosa das galinhas (VBIG) amostra M41. Os híbridos secretores originaram-se da fusão entre células de mielomas da linhagem Sp2/0-Ag14 e linfócitos B de camundongos Balb/c previamente imunizados com o vírus completo. O primeiro critério de seleção foi por ELISA, no qual 36 híbridos originados de duas fusões reagiram positivamente; destes, foram selecionados dois AcM que reagiram contra as proteínas N (N3D4) e S2 (S12B2) do VBIG da amostra M41 (sorotipo Massachusetts) no western blotting. Os mesmos AcM foram também capazes de reconhecer as estirpes Ark-99 (sorotipo Arkansas) e A5968 (sorotipo Connecticut) do VBIG no western blotting. No ELISA, o AcM contra S2 (S12b2) reconheceu 11 estirpes das 11 estudadas (M41, SE-17, H52, 297, 283, PM-1, PM-2, PM-3, 351, 29-78 E 327), enquanto o AcM contra a proteína N reconheceu apenas seis estirpes (M41, SE-17, H52, 283, 327 e 297). O anticorpo monoclonal contra S2 comportou-se como uma boa ferramenta de diagnóstico do VBIG, independentemente do sorotipo que pode ser aplicado em ensaios de rotina laboratorial, especialmente no diagnóstico das doenças que se confundem com a BIG nas galinhas, enquanto o AcM contra N (N3F10) demonstrou reconhecer uma região menos conservada entre as estirpes de VBIG e pode ser útil em estudos comparativos entre isolados de VBIG.

RESUMO

We studied performance on the Grooved Pegboard Test upon repeated trials and transfer of training between the hands in the first trial. The classification of handedness was based on the writing hand. We employed three trials for each hand and two different protocols for the order in which the hands started the test. For the three trials combined, women were faster than men. From the first to the second trial, there was an improvement in performance for both sexes. Within the first trial, sex differences reached significance and the protocol interacted with handedness. In this trial, only left-handed men were found to benefit from previous opposite-hand performance. It is speculated that a larger corpus callosum in left-handed men allows for the greater transfer of training between the hands.

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