RESUMO
A scale with robust statistical validation is essential to diagnose pain and improve decision making for analgesia. This blind, randomised, prospective and opportunist study aimed to develop an ethogram to evaluate behaviour and validate a scale to assess acute ovine postoperative pain. Elective laparoscopy was performed in 48 healthy sheep, filmed at one preoperative and three postoperative moments, before and after rescue analgesia and 24 hours after. The videos were randomised and assessed twice by four evaluators, with a one-month interval between evaluations. Statistical analysis was performed using R software and differences were considered significant when p <0.05. Based on the multiple association, a unidimensional scale was adopted. The intra- and inter-observer reliability ranged from moderate to very good (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.53). The scale presented Spearman correlations > 0.80 with the numerical, simple descriptive, and visual analogue scales, and a correlation of 0.48 with the facial expression scale. According to the mixed linear model, the scale was responsive, due to the increase and decrease in pain scores of all items after surgery and analgesic intervention, respectively. All items on the scale demonstrated an acceptable Spearman item-total correlation (0.56-0.76), except for appetite (0.25). The internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's α = 0.81) and all items presented specificity > 0.72 and sensitivity between 0.61-0.90, except for appetite. According to the Youden index, the cut-off point was ≥ 4 out of 12, with a diagnostic uncertainty zone of 4 to 5. The area under the curve > 0.95 demonstrated the excellent discriminatory capacity of the instrument. In conclusion, the Unesp-Botucatu pain scale in sheep submitted to laparoscopy is valid, reliable, specific, sensitive, with excellent internal consistency, accuracy, discriminatory capacity, and a defined cut-off point.
Assuntos
Dor Abdominal , Medição da Dor , Dor Pós-Operatória , Carneiro Doméstico , Animais , Feminino , Dor Abdominal/diagnóstico , Dor Abdominal/veterinária , Analgesia/métodos , Analgesia/veterinária , Brasil , Laparoscopia/veterinária , Modelos Anatômicos , Modelos Animais , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Medição da Dor/métodos , Medição da Dor/veterinária , Dor Pós-Operatória/diagnóstico , Dor Pós-Operatória/veterinária , Estudos Prospectivos , Carneiro Doméstico/fisiologia , Carneiro Doméstico/cirurgia , Gravação em VídeoRESUMO
Con la estrecha relación entre las personas y los animales, zoonosis toman un papel aún más importante en la salud pública. Entre las principales zoonosis se pueden destacar la rabia, la leishmaniasis, la brucelosis canina, la fiebre maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas, la toxoplasmosis y la leptospirosis que apresenteam epidemiológivos aspectos y control diferente entre ellos. La Rabia es 100% mortal en los animales y los seres humanos, causando encefalomielitis aguda, todavía se considera un problema grave de salud pública. Desde la década de 1950 y 1960, cuando hubo un alto número de casos de rabia humana transmitida por perros, principalmente en Brasil, se observó crecimiento de las actividades gubernamentales, tales como la implementación del "Programa Nacional de Prevención de la rabia humana" ( PNPR) en 1973, a nivel nacional, y luego en 1983 el "plan de Acción para la eliminación de la rabia urbana de las ciudades de América Latina", desarrollado por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Se han hecho algunos avances en el control de la enfermedad, lo que reduce el número de casos humanos se han reportado un solo caso de rabia humana en Brasil en 2015. Leishmaniasis Visceral Canina (LVC) no se está expandiendo en Brasil. Es una zoonosis de importancia para la salud pública. El agente causante de la leishmaniasis visceral canina es un protozoo del género Leishmania [...]
With the close relationship between people and animals, zoonosis take an even more important role in public health. Among the main zoonoses can be highlighted rabies, leishmaniasis, canine brucellosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis wich have different epidemiological and control aspects. Rabies is 100% fatal in animals and humans, causing acute encephalomyelitis, it is still considered a serious public health problem. Since the 1950s and 1960s, when there was a high number of cases of human rabies transmitted mainly by dogs in Brazil, it was observed growing in government activities, such as the implementation of the "Prevention National Program of Human Rabies" ( PNPR) in 1973, at national level, and then in 1983 the "Action Plan for the Elimination of Urban rabies the Cities of Latin America", developed by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Some progress has been made in controlling the disease, reducing the number of human cases. In Brazil, in 2015, was reported only one case of human rabies. Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) is expanding in Brazil. It is a zoonosis of importance to public health. The causative agent of canine visceral leishmaniasis is a protozoan of the genus Leishmania, transmitted by mosquitoes belonging to the family of sandflies. Dogs are the main reservoir of the disease and humans, accidental hosts. This [...]
Com a relação mais estreita entre as pessoas e os animais, as zoonoses se tornam mais importantes na saúde pública. Entre elas, podem ser destacadas a raiva, leishmaniose, brucelose canina, febre maculosa, toxoplasmose e leptospirose que apresentam aspectos epidemiológicos e de controle diferentes entre elas. A Raiva é 100 % fatal em animais e humanos, causando encefalomielite aguda e sendo considerada ainda um grave problema de saúde pública. Desde as décadas de 1950 e 1960, quando houve elevado número de casos de raiva humana transmitida principalmente por cães no Brasil, pôde-se observar uma preocupação nas atividades governamentais, como, por exemplo, a implantação do Programa Nacional de Profilaxia da Raiva Humana (PNPR) em 1973, a nível nacional, e, posteriormente, em 1983, o Plano de Ação para Eliminação da Raiva Urbana das Principais Cidades da América Latina, desenvolvido pela Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS). Alguns avanços foram obtidos no controle dessa doença, com redução do número de casos humanos, tendo sido reportado apenas um caso de raiva humana no Brasil em 2015. A Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC) vem se expandindo no Brasil, sendo uma zoonose de extrema importância para a saúde pública. Seu agente etiológico é um protozoário do gênero Leishmania, transmitido pela picada de mosquitos flebotomíneos. Os cães são os principais reservatórios [...]
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Doenças Transmissíveis/transmissão , Zoonoses/história , Brucelose/história , Febre Maculosa das Montanhas Rochosas/história , Leishmaniose Visceral/história , Leptospirose/história , Raiva/história , Toxoplasmose/históriaRESUMO
Con la estrecha relación entre las personas y los animales, zoonosis toman un papel aún más importante en la salud pública. Entre las principales zoonosis se pueden destacar la rabia, la leishmaniasis, la brucelosis canina, la fiebre maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas, la toxoplasmosis y la leptospirosis que apresenteam epidemiológivos aspectos y control diferente entre ellos. La Rabia es 100% mortal en los animales y los seres humanos, causando encefalomielitis aguda, todavía se considera un problema grave de salud pública. Desde la década de 1950 y 1960, cuando hubo un alto número de casos de rabia humana transmitida por perros, principalmente en Brasil, se observó crecimiento de las actividades gubernamentales, tales como la implementación del "Programa Nacional de Prevención de la rabia humana" ( PNPR) en 1973, a nivel nacional, y luego en 1983 el "plan de Acción para la eliminación de la rabia urbana de las ciudades de América Latina", desarrollado por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Se han hecho algunos avances en el control de la enfermedad, lo que reduce el número de casos humanos se han reportado un solo caso de rabia humana en Brasil en 2015. Leishmaniasis Visceral Canina (LVC) no se está expandiendo en Brasil. Es una zoonosis de importancia para la salud pública. El agente causante de la leishmaniasis visceral canina es un protozoo del género Leishmania [...](AU)
With the close relationship between people and animals, zoonosis take an even more important role in public health. Among the main zoonoses can be highlighted rabies, leishmaniasis, canine brucellosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis wich have different epidemiological and control aspects. Rabies is 100% fatal in animals and humans, causing acute encephalomyelitis, it is still considered a serious public health problem. Since the 1950s and 1960s, when there was a high number of cases of human rabies transmitted mainly by dogs in Brazil, it was observed growing in government activities, such as the implementation of the "Prevention National Program of Human Rabies" ( PNPR) in 1973, at national level, and then in 1983 the "Action Plan for the Elimination of Urban rabies the Cities of Latin America", developed by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Some progress has been made in controlling the disease, reducing the number of human cases. In Brazil, in 2015, was reported only one case of human rabies. Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) is expanding in Brazil. It is a zoonosis of importance to public health. The causative agent of canine visceral leishmaniasis is a protozoan of the genus Leishmania, transmitted by mosquitoes belonging to the family of sandflies. Dogs are the main reservoir of the disease and humans, accidental hosts. This [...](AU)
Com a relação mais estreita entre as pessoas e os animais, as zoonoses se tornam mais importantes na saúde pública. Entre elas, podem ser destacadas a raiva, leishmaniose, brucelose canina, febre maculosa, toxoplasmose e leptospirose que apresentam aspectos epidemiológicos e de controle diferentes entre elas. A Raiva é 100 % fatal em animais e humanos, causando encefalomielite aguda e sendo considerada ainda um grave problema de saúde pública. Desde as décadas de 1950 e 1960, quando houve elevado número de casos de raiva humana transmitida principalmente por cães no Brasil, pôde-se observar uma preocupação nas atividades governamentais, como, por exemplo, a implantação do Programa Nacional de Profilaxia da Raiva Humana (PNPR) em 1973, a nível nacional, e, posteriormente, em 1983, o Plano de Ação para Eliminação da Raiva Urbana das Principais Cidades da América Latina, desenvolvido pela Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS). Alguns avanços foram obtidos no controle dessa doença, com redução do número de casos humanos, tendo sido reportado apenas um caso de raiva humana no Brasil em 2015. A Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC) vem se expandindo no Brasil, sendo uma zoonose de extrema importância para a saúde pública. Seu agente etiológico é um protozoário do gênero Leishmania, transmitido pela picada de mosquitos flebotomíneos. Os cães são os principais reservatórios [...](AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Zoonoses/história , Doenças Transmissíveis/transmissão , Raiva/história , Leishmaniose Visceral/história , Brucelose/história , Febre Maculosa das Montanhas Rochosas/história , Toxoplasmose/história , Leptospirose/históriaRESUMO
Abdominal urethral rupture commonly occurs in male dogs after traumatic pelvic fractures and can lead to uroperitoneum, causing peritonitis and azotemia. The primary complications of urethral damage include strictures, incontinence and innervation injury. Here, we describe a case report of prostatic urethral rupture, treated by primary suture repair, that yielded early healing and recovery in a ten-year-old, male, mixed-breed dog who visited our facility within 24 hours of being struck by a car. Positive contrast urethrocystography resulted in leakage of the contrast medium into the abdominal cavity in a point caudal to the urinary bladder. Additional radiography revealed multiple pelvic fractures. During surgery, we found a laceration of the right prostatic lobe causing urethral rupture. We performed a full thickness simple continue suture with 7-0 polyglactin 910 to reestablish urethral continuity. The prostate capsule was also sutured in a simple continue pattern. A previously placed indwelling urinary catheter was kept inside to divert urine flow. On the third postoperative day, the animal withdrew the urinary catheter and started to urinate by himself. The conservative treatment of pelvic fractures enabled complete return to function on the 55th day. One hundred and fifty days after the trauma, no evidence of urinary stricture or another clinical sign was observed. Urethral wounds can be treated surgically by primary suturing and urinary diversion. A short healing time was experienced, and the indwelling urinary catheter was removed three days after surgery since there was no more urine leakage and the animal began voiding normally.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cães , Próstata/lesões , Próstata/cirurgia , Pelve/lesões , Uretra/lesões , Estreitamento Uretral/veterinária , Fraturas Múltiplas/cirurgia , Fraturas Múltiplas/veterinária , Lacerações/veterináriaRESUMO
Abdominal urethral rupture commonly occurs in male dogs after traumatic pelvic fractures and can lead to uroperitoneum, causing peritonitis and azotemia. The primary complications of urethral damage include strictures, incontinence and innervation injury. Here, we describe a case report of prostatic urethral rupture, treated by primary suture repair, that yielded early healing and recovery in a ten-year-old, male, mixed-breed dog who visited our facility within 24 hours of being struck by a car. Positive contrast urethrocystography resulted in leakage of the contrast medium into the abdominal cavity in a point caudal to the urinary bladder. Additional radiography revealed multiple pelvic fractures. During surgery, we found a laceration of the right prostatic lobe causing urethral rupture. We performed a full thickness simple continue suture with 7-0 polyglactin 910 to reestablish urethral continuity. The prostate capsule was also sutured in a simple continue pattern. A previously placed indwelling urinary catheter was kept inside to divert urine flow. On the third postoperative day, the animal withdrew the urinary catheter and started to urinate by himself. The conservative treatment of pelvic fractures enabled complete return to function on the 55th day. One hundred and fifty days after the trauma, no evidence of urinary stricture or another clinical sign was observed. Urethral wounds can be treated surgically by primary suturing and urinary diversion. A short healing time was experienced, and the indwelling urinary catheter was removed three days after surgery since there was no more urine leakage and the animal began voiding normally.