RESUMO

Sporotrichosis is a neglected and emerging mycosis caused by the traumatic implantation of Sporothrix propagules into the (sub)cutaneous tissues of humans and animals. We evaluated canine sporotrichosis's clinical-therapeutic, epidemiological profile, and in vitro susceptibility of isolates to itraconazole. The variables were evaluated by a chi-square test. A total of 69 dogs were infected with Sporothrix spp., and the molecular identification revealed an overwhelming occurrence of S. brasiliensis as the etiological agent. The epidemiological profile was male (56.5%), adults (4.9 ± 1.92 years old; 69.6%), and mongrels (53.6%). The clinical signs were 76.8%, ulcers, draining tracts, and nodules were predominant, mainly in the nasal region (82.2%). Dogs were diagnosed late with an evolution time of up to 3 months (34.8%). According to the prior therapeutic information, 52.2% received empirical therapy, 79.2% antibiotics, and had a 0.29 significantly greater chance of presenting lesion evolution time ˃ 3 months (P < .05; Odds Ratio [OR] 1/0.29). Additionally, 25 S. brasiliensis isolates recovered between 2006-2012 (n = 15; Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC): 0.06-2 µg/ml) and 2013-2018 (n = 10; MIC: 2→16 µg/ml) were tested against itraconazole (ITZ). These findings highlighted the resistance to ITZ in clinical cases due to S. brasiliensis occurring after 2013, showing the temporal evolution of ITZ-resistance. We warn of the importance of accurate and early diagnosis in Sporothrix-affected areas, and we report the emergence of ITZ-resistant isolates in Southern Brazil.

Sporotrichosis is a fungal zoonosis. We investigated the clinical-therapeutic, epidemiological profile, and in vitro susceptibility of isolates to itraconazole (ITZ) in canine cases in Southern Brazil. Our study highlighted the emergence of ITZ-resistant Sporothrix brasiliensis and the main challenges for clinical control of this neglected disease.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In a previous paper we showed that the yeast Pichia pastoris X-33 grown in parboiled rice effluent supplemented with glycerol byproduct from the biodiesel industry improved the quality of the effluent. In this paper we show the validation of this yeast (PPE) as probiotic for broilers. Its effect on feed efficiency and immunomodulation was compared with the same yeast grown in yeast peptone dextrose medium (PPY), with Saccharomyces boulardii (SBY) and with the controls fed unsupplemented feed (CON). One-day-old female chicks were vaccinated against infectious bursal disease (IBD) and the titers of anti-IBD antibodies were measured by ELISA. PPE group had the highest mean titres on days 14 and 28 (p<0,05), and at 28 days, 64% of the animals showed seroconvertion. The PPE group also showed the best weight gains at 42 days of age, that, on days 7, 14 and 21 were 19%, 15%, and 8.7% higher, respectively, than the control group. The best feed conversion, 8.2% higher than the control group, was obtained by PPY at 42 days. Histopathological studies did not detect any undesirable effects in the supplemented animals. We concluded that Pichia pastoris X-33 when grown in effluents of the rice parboiling industry supplemented with glycerol byproduct from the biodiesel has probiotic properties for poultry.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This paper describes the use of Pichia pastoris X-33 as a bioremediator to reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and phosphorus (P-PO(4) (3-)), after culture in parboiled rice effluent supplemented with p.a. glycerol or a glycerol by-product of the biodiesel industry. The greatest reduction in the COD (55%), TKN (45%), and P-PO(4) (3-) (52%) of the effluent was observed in cultures of P. pastoris X-33 supplemented with 15 g.L(-1) of biodiesel-derived glycerol. Furthermore, the overall biomass yield was 2.1 g.L(-1). These data suggest that biodiesel-derived glycerol is an efficient carbon source for the bioremediation of parboiled rice effluent and biomass production.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Diagnosis of leptospirosis by PCR is hampered due to the presence of substances on biological fluids. Here, we report an immunomagnetic separation step prior to PCR which improved the detection of Leptospira spp. in blood and urine samples from dogs. It resulted in a significant improvement on sensitivity for diagnosis of canine leptospirosis.

RESUMO

The aim of this work was to investigate the occurrence of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in ground beef and raw milk in Southern Brazil, and to study the fate of STEC isolates from cattle faeces in ground beef and milk, and its resistance in acid and alcoholic media. Among 464 E. coli isolated from ground beef and raw milk there were no stx1 and stx2 genes. The population of STEC isolates from cattle faeces was quite stable when inoculated in ground beef and increased in inoculated milk along the 120 hours of storage at 8oC.  These STEC isolates were inactivated when exposed to pH 2.5 and 3.0, but they were viable after eight hours at pH 4.0. The STEC isolates did not survive 48 hours in medium containing 12% ethanol. At 6% ethanol, STEC O174:H21, O163:H19 and O112:H2 have shown an increase in population and STEC O91:H21 and O22:H8 did not resist beyond 24 and 48 hours of incubation, respectively. The low prevalence of STEC in foods together with the attributes of the STEC found in Brazilian cattle could be among the reasons for the low prevalence of foodborne diseases caused by STEC in Brazil.KEY WORDS: Acid, ethanol, ground beef, milk, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli.

O trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a ocorrência de Escherichia coli produtora de toxina Shiga (STEC) em carne moída e leite cru no sul do Brasil e estudar o comportamento de STEC isoladas de fezes de bovinos de corte e leite, verificando sua resistência em meios ácido e alcoólico. Não foram identificados genes stx1 e stx2 nas 464 E. coli isoladas de carne moída e leite cru. STEC isoladas de fezes de bovinos mantiveram populações estáveis e apresentaram crescimento, respectivamente, em carne moída e em leite experimentalmente contaminados, durante 120 horas a 8ºC. Esses isolados foram inativados quando expostos a pH 2,5 e 3,0, mas permaneceram viáveis após oito horas em pH 4,0. Os isolados de STEC não sobreviveram 48 horas em meio contendo 12% de etanol. Em 6% de etanol, STEC O174:H21, O163:H19 e O112:H2 apresentaram crescimento, ao passo que STEC O91:H21 e O22:H8 não resistiram além de 24 e 48 horas de incubação, respectivamente. A baixa prevalência de STEC em alimentos e as características das cepas encontradas em bovinos podem estar relacionadas com a baixa prevalência de enfermidades de origem alimentar causadas por STEC no Brasil.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Ácido, carne moída, etanol, leite, Escherichia coli produtora de toxina Shiga.

RESUMO

The aim of this work was to investigate the occurrence of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in ground beef and raw milk in Southern Brazil, and to study the fate of STEC isolates from cattle faeces in ground beef and milk, and its resistance in acid and alcoholic media. Among 464 E. coli isolated from ground beef and raw milk there were no stx1 and stx2 genes. The population of STEC isolates from cattle faeces was quite stable when inoculated in ground beef and increased in inoculated milk along the 120 hours of storage at 8oC.  These STEC isolates were inactivated when exposed to pH 2.5 and 3.0, but they were viable after eight hours at pH 4.0. The STEC isolates did not survive 48 hours in medium containing 12% ethanol. At 6% ethanol, STEC O174:H21, O163:H19 and O112:H2 have shown an increase in population and STEC O91:H21 and O22:H8 did not resist beyond 24 and 48 hours of incubation, respectively. The low prevalence of STEC in foods together with the attributes of the STEC found in Brazilian cattle could be among the reasons for the low prevalence of foodborne diseases caused by STEC in Brazil.KEY WORDS: Acid, ethanol, ground beef, milk, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli.

O trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a ocorrência de Escherichia coli produtora de toxina Shiga (STEC) em carne moída e leite cru no sul do Brasil e estudar o comportamento de STEC isoladas de fezes de bovinos de corte e leite, verificando sua resistência em meios ácido e alcoólico. Não foram identificados genes stx1 e stx2 nas 464 E. coli isoladas de carne moída e leite cru. STEC isoladas de fezes de bovinos mantiveram populações estáveis e apresentaram crescimento, respectivamente, em carne moída e em leite experimentalmente contaminados, durante 120 horas a 8ºC. Esses isolados foram inativados quando expostos a pH 2,5 e 3,0, mas permaneceram viáveis após oito horas em pH 4,0. Os isolados de STEC não sobreviveram 48 horas em meio contendo 12% de etanol. Em 6% de etanol, STEC O174:H21, O163:H19 e O112:H2 apresentaram crescimento, ao passo que STEC O91:H21 e O22:H8 não resistiram além de 24 e 48 horas de incubação, respectivamente. A baixa prevalência de STEC em alimentos e as características das cepas encontradas em bovinos podem estar relacionadas com a baixa prevalência de enfermidades de origem alimentar causadas por STEC no Brasil.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Ácido, carne moída, etanol, leite, Escherichia coli produtora de toxina Shiga.

RESUMO

Avian Necrotic Enteritis is an acute enterotoxaemia that appears suddenly producing rapid deaths, affecting mainly young animals. Although its negative impact in poultry production is already known, factors related to etiology, pathogenesis and control of this important disease need better clarifications. For a long time its control was based on the use of antibiotics in poultry feed, whose the use was banned by several consumer markets, requiring the development of new control strategies. Informations on the etiology, epizootiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and control are reviewed, emphasizing the role of probiotics and vaccines as control alternatives.

A Enterite Necrótica Aviária (ENA) é uma enterotoxemia aguda que aparece subitamente e provoca morte rápida, afetando principalmente animais jovens. Embora seu impacto negativo na produção, devido ao aumento da conversão alimentar e da condenação de carcaças seja já conhecido, questões relacionadas à etiologia, à patogenia e ao controle desta importante enfermidade necessitam de maiores esclarecimentos. Nos últimos anos, o controle da ENA baseou-se na aplicação de antibióticos na ração animal, prática banida pelo mercado consumidor, que exigiu o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias de controle. Esta revisão aborda informações sobre a etiologia, a epizootiologia, a patogenia, o diagnóstico e o controle da doença, em especial a utilização de probióticos e vacinas como alternativas de controle da ENA.

RESUMO

Avian Necrotic Enteritis is an acute enterotoxaemia that appears suddenly producing rapid deaths, affecting mainly young animals. Although its negative impact in poultry production is already known, factors related to etiology, pathogenesis and control of this important disease need better clarifications. For a long time its control was based on the use of antibiotics in poultry feed, whose the use was banned by several consumer markets, requiring the development of new control strategies. Informations on the etiology, epizootiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and control are reviewed, emphasizing the role of probiotics and vaccines as control alternatives.

A Enterite Necrótica Aviária (ENA) é uma enterotoxemia aguda que aparece subitamente e provoca morte rápida, afetando principalmente animais jovens. Embora seu impacto negativo na produção, devido ao aumento da conversão alimentar e da condenação de carcaças seja já conhecido, questões relacionadas à etiologia, à patogenia e ao controle desta importante enfermidade necessitam de maiores esclarecimentos. Nos últimos anos, o controle da ENA baseou-se na aplicação de antibióticos na ração animal, prática banida pelo mercado consumidor, que exigiu o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias de controle. Esta revisão aborda informações sobre a etiologia, a epizootiologia, a patogenia, o diagnóstico e o controle da doença, em especial a utilização de probióticos e vacinas como alternativas de controle da ENA.

RESUMO

Swine Enzootic Pneumonia (SEP), caused by fastidious bacterium Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, is the most important respiratory disease of swines, responsible for high losses to Brazilian and worldwide swine breeding. The high prevalence and the fact to predis-pose the swines to secondary pathogens make this disease the central target of a herd health program to respiratory diseases. The knowledge of the characteristics and pathogenicity factors of etiologic agent could help in the development of new strategies to control SEP. The aim of this review was to discuss some aspects of the etiopathogenesis of the SEP that have implications in the immunoprofilaxis of disease and the main results obtained with new generation vaccines evaluated experimentally.

A Pneumonia Enzoótica Suína (PES), causada pela bactéria fastidiosa Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, é a doença respiratória mais importante dos suínos, responsável por enormes prejuízos à suinocultura brasileira e mundial. A elevada prevalência e o fato de pré-dispor os suínos à patógenos oportunistas tornam esta doença o alvo central de um programa de saúde de rebanho para doenças respiratórias. O conhecimento das características do agente etiológico bem como dos seus fatores de patogenicidade pode ajudar na elaboração de novas estratégias de controle da PES. O objetivo desta revisão foi discutir alguns aspectos da etiopatogenia da PES que têm implicação na imunoprofilaxia da doença e os principais resultados obtidos com vacinas de última geração avaliadas experimentalmente.

RESUMO

The enforcement of legislation that regulates the presence of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food and food ingredients is totally dependent on the sensitivity and reliability of the GMO testing methods. In this review, the most relevant methods such as recombinant proteins or DNA-based methods were discussed, emphasizing their main properties, limitations and advantages. The regulamentation and some suggestions of alternative methods for the detection of GMOs were also discussed.

O cumprimento da legislação que regulamenta a comercialização de alimentos e ingredientes contendo Organismos Geneticamente Modificados (OGMs) é totalmente dependente da sensibilidade e confiabilidade dos métodos de detecção e quantificação de OGMs. Na presente revisão, foram discutidos os métodos mais relevantes para tais fins, especialmente aqueles que se baseiam na detecção da proteína ou do DNA recombinante, destacando as suas principais propriedades, limitações e vantagens. A regulamentação e algumas sugestões de métodos alternativos para a detecção de OGMs também são abordadas.