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BACKGROUND: The allergic phenotype is responsible for more than 50% of severe asthma cases. In a stepwise approach, add-on treatments such as anti-IgE are used for severe allergic asthma (SAA). This study was aimed to describe the real-world effectiveness of omalizumab in adult and pediatric patients with SAA in Colombia. METHODS: This was an observational, non-interventional, retrospective study. Data from patients with SAA that received at least one month of treatment with omalizumab was obtained from medical records at eight sites in Colombia. Time-zero (t - 0) was defined as the date of initiation of omalizumab, and data was gathered for a 12-month period before t - 0 and a 12-month period after t - 0. Clinical outcomes, including exacerbations, were assessed at 6 and 12 months. Effectiveness of omalizumab was evaluated in terms of the reduction of the risk of exacerbations (annualized rate). RESULTS: We included 143 patients with SAA. There was a decrease of 72.4% of the annualized rate of clinically significant asthma exacerbations during the year after omalizumab (from 1.74 before to 0.48 after) with a substantial reduction of the risk of exacerbations by 56.7% (RR [95% CI] 0.43 [0.30-0.63] p < 0,001). CONCLUSION: The use of omalizumab in Colombia as a treatment for SAA notably reduced the risk of clinically significant exacerbations. This study is the first to evaluate omalizumab real-life effectiveness in pediatric and adult patients in the country.

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RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar el conocimiento y las actitudes de un grupo de 53 jóvenes de la Cruz Roja de la Juventud en la Seccional Valle del Cauca sobre el fenómeno social del VIH/SIDA y sus portadores. Método El diseño de la investigación se basó en la línea de desarrollo humano y construcción de ciudadanía, bajo el método cuantitativo de orden descriptivo. Para la recolección de la información, se empleó un formato de encuesta de tipo descriptivo con preguntas cerradas o de alternativa fija, compuesto por un cuestionario de 39 preguntas. Resultados Entre el 69% y 72% de los jóvenes refieren conocimiento sobre sus derechos sexuales y reproductivos; sin embargo, un porcentaje bajo, entre 26% y 39%, afirma haber recibido asesoría sobre la realización de la prueba del VIH, un porcentaje menor se la ha realizado. Conclusiones Es claro el bajo nivel de reconocimiento que tienen las instituciones y los medios de comunicación como difusores de temas relacionados con la salud sexual y reproductiva y el VIH/SIDA. Por otro lado, a pesar del reconocimiento de sus derechos, perviven en los jóvenes mitos sobre la forma de contagio, la actitud de distanciamiento con los portadores y las conductas de riesgo en las prácticas sexuales.

ABSTRACT Objective Determine the knowledge and attitudes of a group of 53 young people of the Red Cross of Youth in the Valle del Cauca Sectional about the social phenomenon of HIV/AIDS and its bearers. Method The design of the research was based on the line of human development and construction of citizenship, under the quantitative method of descriptive order. For the collection of information, a descriptive survey format with closed questions or a fixed alternative was used, consisting of a questionnaire of 39 questions. Results Between 69% and 72% of young people report knowledge about their sexual and reproductive rights, however, a low percentage between 26% and 39% say they have received counseling about the HIV test and a smaller percentage have accomplished. Conclusions It is clear the low levels that institutions and media have in the dissemination of the topic of sexual and reproductive health and HIV/AIDS. Despite the recognition of their rights, myths persist about the form of contagion, the attitude of distancing with carriers and risk behaviors in sexual practices.

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Ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubbers used in electric submersible pump (ESP) cables were analyzed after being aged in actual operation conditions in oil wellbores. These rubbers constitute the insulation and jacket layers of the ESP cables. EPDM rubbers from four different cables operating during different time intervals (2 and 4.8 years) at different depths (from 760 to 2170 m) below sea level were studied. To verify the effects of the long exposure on the rubber performance, thermal analysis was performed to determine the thermal stability and activation energy of degradation. In addition, structural analysis, through vibrational spectroscopy and crosslinking fraction assessment, was carried out. The mechanical properties of the aged rubbers were inferred through the measurement of hardness, while the absorption of a service fluid was studied by gravimetry. The results showed only minor changes in the thermal, structural, mechanical and barrier properties of the EPDM-based ESP cable layers. It is suggested that the thermo-oxidation mechanism followed by chain scission does not have a role in the degradation of EPDM within the aged ESP cables, and no sign of variation of crosslink fractions has been encountered. Therefore, it was concluded that EPDM-based layers seem not to be weak links in the configuration of modern ESP systems.

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Introducción: Colombia es un país multiétnico y multilingüe con seis millones (14%) de habitantes que pertenecen a grupos étnicos minoritarios, por lo que la situación actual de las comunidades indígenas ha sido precaria por las limitantes de acceso a los planes de salud. Objetivo: realizar una exploración de la comunidad uitoto ubicada en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C., Colombia, del contexto y las necesidades de educación frente al cáncer del cuello uterino y la salud sexual y reproductiva. Materiales y métodos: estudio cualitativo de enfoque etnográfico (prueba piloto) en la comunidad uitoto con una observación participante, registrado en un diario de campo. Resultados: las personas de la comunidad uitoto manifiestan que muchos de sus integrantes no cuentan con un servicio de salud contributivo, sino subsidiado por condiciones de desplazamiento. Discusión: se reconoce la existencia latente de las barreras de salud en comunidades indígenas en estado de vulnerabilidad en las áreas urbanas. Conclusión: se destaca la importancia de integrar en la medicina occidental y tradicional en los procesos de salud para esta comunidad.

Introduction: Colombia is a multiethnic and multilingual country with six million (14%) of inhabitants belonging to minority ethnic groups. These indigenous communities are currently living in a precarious situation due to their limited access to healthcare plans. Objective: to conduct a survey on a uitoto community living in the city of Bogotá D.C., Colombia, predominantly on their context and their education needs regarding uterine cervix cancer and sexual and reproductive health. Materials and Methods: a qualitative study with a focus on ethnography (pilot study) on a uitoto community, using participant observation recorded in a fieldwork diary. Results: uitoto community members interviewed manifest that many of them do not count with a contributive healthcare service. They only count with a subsidiary service as a result from being displaced people. Discussion: better awareness of the latent existence of barriers to healthcare for vulnerable indigenous communities living in urban areas was achieved. Conclusion: we stress the importance of integrating traditional medicine into Western medicine healthcare processes for this community.

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Currently video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and the evolution Uniportal VATS have a worldwide acceptance and Ecuador is not exception when we decided invited to Dr. Diego Gonzalez-Rivas pioneer surgeon in the world of single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic procedures, with the aim to provide a faster recovery of the patients compared to those who received a conventional thoracotomy. We thanks the opportunity to present a report to the first Masterclass in Uniportal VATS with live surgery, performed on February 23rd to 24th of 2017 at the Luis Vernaza Hospital in Guayaquil-Ecuador. In addition to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the uniportal VATS technique we presented a video of uniportal VATS left lower lobectomy performed by Dr. Diego Gonzalez-Rivas during the first uniportal masterclass in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

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INTRODUCTION: Unlike other molecular biology studies, the analysis of ancient DNA (aDNA) requires special infrastructure and methodological conditions to guarantee the quality of the results. One of the main authenticity criteria is DNA quantification, where quantitative real-time PCR is often used given its sensitivity and specificity. Nevertheless, the implementation of these conditions and methodologies to fulfill authenticity criteria imply higher costs. Objective: To develop a simple and less costly method for mitochondrial DNA quantification suitable for highly degraded samples. Materials and methods: The proposed method is based on the use of mini-primers for the specific amplification of short fragments of mitochondrial DNA. The subsequent purification of these amplified fragments allows a standard curve to be constructed with concentrations in accordance to the state of degradation of the samples. Results: The proposed method successfully detected DNA from ancient samples including bone remains and mummified tissue. DNA inhibitory substances were also detected. Conclusion: The proposed method represents a simpler and cost-effective way to detect low amounts of aDNA, and a tool to differentiate DNA-free samples from samples with inhibitory substances.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the osmotic fragility of red blood cells and the level of lipid peroxidation, the Ca(2+)-ATPase activity of red cell ghosts and placental homogenates from salt-loaded pregnant rats. METHODS: Salt-loaded pregnant rats received 1.8% NaCl solution ad libitum as a beverage for seven days, starting on 15th day of pregnancy. Then, it was evaluated the level of lipid peroxidation and the Ca(2+)-ATPase activity of placental homogenates and red blood cell ghosts from control and experimental rats. Furthermore, the osmotic fragility of the red blood cells was evaluated by measuring the lysis of these cells when incubated with a NaCl solution with different osmolarities. RESULTS: It was found that placental homogenates and red blood cell ghosts from experimental pregnant rats showed an increased level of lipid peroxidation and a lowered Ca(2+)-ATPase activity, as compared to control pregnant rats. They also presented an increased osmotic fragility of their red blood cells. CONCLUSIONS: Salt-loaded pregnant rats showed, similar to preeclamptic women, an increased level of lipid peroxidation and a lowered Ca(2+)-ATPase activity in placental and red blood cells membranes, as well as an increased osmotic fragility of the red blood cells.

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INTRODUCTION: in relation to the student population, their class schedules, hours of study, budget shortages, among others, do not allow them to have good eating habits and sedentary ago. Within this context are the sports teams, which must deal with the above. OBJECTIVE: knowing the nutritional status of a group of college basketball players (BU) by anthropometric and biochemical parameters. METHODS: the research provides a non-experimental, descriptive, transversal, with a quantitative approach The sample was selected on a non-probabilistic approach. which included 12 players design. Anthropometric parameters for body mass index (BMI), somatotype and body composition was assessed. For biochemical glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol. RESULTS: have a BMI of 24.6 (kg/m2), are classified as endomesomorfas (5,5-4,3-1,2) have a fat mass 39.9% and 37.8% of muscle mass, glucose values are 68.7 (mg/dl), triglycerides 128 (mg/dl) and 189 cholesterol (mg/dl). CONCLUSION: the BU have normal values for BMI and biochemical parameters, but dig deeper greater amount of adipose tissue is found as reported by body composition and somatotype, a situation that could be related to poor eating habits, however is required further study to reach a categorical conclusion.

Introducción: en relación a la población universitaria, sus horarios de clases, horas de estudio, escasez de presupuesto, entre otras, no les permiten tener buenos hábitos alimentarios y los hace ser sedentarios. Dentro de este contexto se encuentran las selecciones deportivas, las cuales deben lidiar con lo antes mencionado. Objetivo: conocer el estado nutricional de un grupo de basquetbolistas universitarias (BU) mediante parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos. Métodos: la investigación contempla un diseño no experimental, descriptivo, transversal, con un enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra fue seleccionada bajo un criterio no probabilístico, que incluyó a 12 jugadoras. Para los parámetros antropométricos se valoró el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el somatotipo y la composición corporal. Para los bioquímicos se valoró la glucosa, los triglicéridos y el colesterol. Resultados: las que presentan un IMC de 24,6 (kg/m2) se clasifican como endomesomorfas (5,5-4,3-1,2) y tienen un 39,9% de masa adiposa y un 37,8% de masa muscular; los valores de glucosa son 68,7 (mg/dl), triglicéridos 128 (mg/dl) y colesterol 189 (mg/dl). Conclusión: las BU poseen valores normales para el IMC y los parámetros bioquímicos, pero al indagar más profundamente se encuentra mayor cantidad de tejido adiposo, según lo reportado por la composición corporal y el somatotipo, situación que podría estar relacionada con malos hábitos alimentarios; no obstante se requiere un mayor estudio para llegar a una conclusión más tajante.

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Abstract Biofilm has a primary role in the pathogenesis of diseases and in the attachment of multicellular organisms to a fouled surface. Because of that, the control of bacterial biofilms has been identified as an important target. In the present study, five lipid compounds isolated from soft coral Eunicea sp. and three terpenoids together with a mixture of sterols from Eunicea fusca collected at the Colombian Caribbean Sea showed different effectiveness against biofilm formation by three marine bacteria associated with immersed fouled surfaces, Ochrobactrum pseudogringnonense,Alteromona macleodii and Vibrio harveyi, and against two known biofilm forming bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The pure compounds were characterized by NMR, HRESI-MS, HRGC-MS and optical rotation. The most effective compounds were batyl alcohol (1) and fuscoside E peracetate (6), acting against four strains without affecting their microbial growth. Compound 1 showed biofilm inhibition greater than 30% against A. macleodii, and up to 60% against O. pseudogringnonense,V. harveyi and S. aureus. Compound 6 inhibited O. pseudogringnonense and V. harveyi between 25 and 50%, and P. aeruginosa or S. aureus up to 60% at 0.5 mg/ml. The results suggest that these compounds exhibit specific biofilm inhibition with lower antimicrobial effect against the bacterial species assayed.

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Se denomina trabajo de parto a un conjunto de fenomenos fisiológicos que tienen por objeto de salida del feto viable de los genitales maternos. Con el presente estudio se determina los factores causales de complicaciones en el trabajo de parto y el tipo de costumbre al desarrollo del mismo. Se realizo un estudio de tipo retrospectivo; transversal y cuantitativo comprendiendo a los municipios de Punata, Arani,Villa Rivera, Tiraque, Cliza y Tarata y de Vacas. El método de recolección de datos fue a través de la utilización de un cuestionario dirigido a las mujeres pos-puerperio. La informacion se obtuvo de los cuadernos de control prenatal, parto, y puerperio del Sistema Nacional de Información en Salud (SNIS). Entre los resultados obtenidos se tiene que los factores causales de complicaciones en el trabajo de parto en la mayoría se debe a la realización de actividades costumbristas traumáticas que se caracteriza por el balanceo horizontal de la gestante sobre una sabana (manteo) 63%. Se concluye que los factores de riesgo en el trabajo del parto son: el vivir en un lugar pobre, no realizar un adecuado control prenatal, presentar el antecedente de un parto pretérmino y además que la comunidades tienen costumbres que ponen en peligro el bienestar de la madre en trabajo de parto.

Labor is called a set of physiological phenomena aimed at the output of a viable fetus of maternal genitals. Through this study was to determine the causative factors of complications in labor, what kind of habits are mainly these causal factors. We performed a retrospective study, transversal and quantitative understanding of the municipalities Punata, Arani, Villa Rivera, Tiraque, Cliza and Vacas. El Tarata and data collection method was through the use of a questionnaire addressed to the postmenopausal women postpartum.The information was obtained from the notebooks of prenatal care, childbirth, and puerperium of the National Health Information (NHRS). Among the results has to be the causative factors of complications in labor in the majority is due to the traumatic folkloric activities characterized by horizontal balancing of the pregnant woman on a sheet (Manteo) 63%. It is concluded that the risk factors in the work of labor are: living in a poor place, not making adequate prenatal care, presenting a history of preterm labor and also that the communities have customs that endanger the welfare of the newly born.