RESUMO
OBJETIVO: determinar el valor diagnóstico de las indicaciones de la colonoscopia como predictores de cáncer de colon en nuestro medio. METODOLOGIA: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de las indicaciones de colonoscopia en la Clínica Centenario Peruano Japonesa entre mayo 2006 a diciembre 2010. Se consideró como variable dependiente al diagnóstico de cáncer de colon y como variables independientes a las indicaciones del estudio colonoscópico. Para cada una de las indicaciones se calcularon la sensibilidad (S), el valor predictivo positivo (VPP), el cociente de probabilidad o likelihood ratio (LR) y el número necesario para diagnosticar (NND). RESULTADOS: De las 2290 colonoscopias analizadas, 58 (2.5%) presentaron cáncer de colon, con una edad media de 66.5 ± 12.4 años (rango 27-84), a predominio de los mayores de 50 años (89.7%). Las indicaciones con mayor VPP fueron: tumor abdominal (20.0%), estudio de metástasis hepática (16.7%), hematoquezia (12.2%), sospecha radiológica(10.0%), síndrome consuntivo (8.3%) y anemia (7.9%). Las indicaciones con mayor LR+ fueron: tumor abdominal (9.62), estudio de metástasis hepática (7.70), hematoquezia (5.33), sospecha radiológica (4.28), síndrome consuntivo (3.5) y anemia (3.31). El NND fue de 5 en la hematoquezia y de 10 en la anemia, mientras que las demás indicaciones tuvieron NND negativo o no significativo. CONCLUSIONES: En nuestro estudio las indicaciones de tumor abdominal, estudio demetástasis hepática, hematoquezia, sospecha radiológica, síndrome consuntivo y anemia se asocian con el diagnóstico de cáncer de colon. La hematoquezia y anemia tuvieron adecuados valores de NND para diagnosticar cáncer de colon.
OBJETIVE: To determine the diagnostic value of colonoscopy indications as predictors of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: A retrospective study of colonoscopy indications in Centenary Peruvian Japanese Clinic from 2006 to 2010 was performed. Diagnosis of CRC was considered as dependent variable whereas colonoscopy indications were considered as independent variables. For each indication we calculated the sensitivity (S), positive predictive value (PPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+) and number of colonoscopies needed to diagnose a case of CRC (NND). RESULTS: Of the 2290 colonoscopies analyzed, 58 (2.5%) had colorectal cancer, with amean age of 66.5 ± 12.4 years (range 27-84) of whom 89.7% were older than 50 years. The indications with greatest PPV were abdominal tumor (20.0%), liver metastases (16.7%), hematochezia (12.2%), suspicious radiological image (10.0%), constitutional syndrome (8.3%) and anemia (7.9%). The indications with greatest LR+ were liver abdominal tumor (9.62), liver metastases (7.70), hematoquezia (5.33), suspicious radiological image (4.28), (3.5) and anemia (3.31). The NND was 5 in hematoquezia and 10 in anemia, while others indications had negative NND or no significant.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Colonoscopia , Neoplasias do Colo/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Observacionais como AssuntoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic value of colonoscopy indications as predictors of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: A retrospective study of colonoscopy indications in Centenary Peruvian Japanese Clinic from 2006 to 2010 was performed. Diagnosis of CRC was considered as dependent variable whereas colonoscopy indications were considered as independent variables. For each indication we calculated the sensitivity (S), positive predictive value (PPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+) and number of colonoscopies needed to diagnose a case of CRC (NND). RESULTS: Of the 2290 colonoscopies analyzed, 58 (2.5%) had colorectal cancer, with a mean age of 66.5 } 12.4 years (range 27-84) of whom 89.7% were older than 50 years. The indications with greatest PPV were abdominal tumor (20.0%), liver metastases (16.7%), hematochezia (12.2%), suspicious radiological image (10.0%), constitutional syndrome (8.3%) and anemia (7.9%). The indications with greatest LR+ were liver abdominal tumor (9.62), liver metastases (7.70), hematoquezia (5.33), suspicious radiological image (4.28), (3.5) and anemia (3.31). The NND was 5 in hematoquezia and 10 in anemia, while others indications had negative NND or no significant. CONCLUSIONS: Indications of abdominal tumor, liver metastases, non-distal rectal bleeding, suspicious radiological image, constitutional syndrome and anemia were associated with colorectal cancer diagnosis. Non-distal rectal bleeding and anemia had adequate NND in diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo/diagnóstico , Colonoscopia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori is extraordinary in its genetic diversity, the differences between strains from well-separated human populations, and the range of diseases that infection promotes. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Housekeeping gene sequences from H. pylori from residents of an Amerindian village in the Peruvian Amazon, Shimaa, were related to, but not intermingled with, those from Asia. This suggests descent of Shimaa strains from H. pylori that had infected the people who migrated from Asia into The Americas some 15,000+ years ago. In contrast, European type sequences predominated in strains from Amerindian Lima shantytown residents, but with some 12% Amerindian or East Asian-like admixture, which indicates displacement of ancestral purely Amerindian strains by those of hybrid or European ancestry. The genome of one Shimaa village strain, Shi470, was sequenced completely. Its SNP pattern was more Asian- than European-like genome-wide, indicating a purely Amerind ancestry. Among its unusual features were two cagA virulence genes, each distinct from those known from elsewhere; and a novel allele of gene hp0519, whose encoded protein is postulated to interact with host tissue. More generally, however, the Shi470 genome is similar in gene content and organization to those of strains from industrialized countries. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that Shimaa village H. pylori descend from Asian strains brought to The Americas many millennia ago; and that Amerind strains are less fit than, and were substantially displaced by, hybrid or European strains in less isolated communities. Genome comparisons of H. pylori from Amerindian and other communities should help elucidate evolutionary forces that have shaped pathogen populations in The Americas and worldwide.
Assuntos
Genoma Bacteriano/genética , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , América , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Ásia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Emigração e Imigração , Europa (Continente) , Variação Genética , Helicobacter pylori/classificação , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Peru , Filogenia , Dinâmica Populacional , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Especificidade da Espécie , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In search alternatives for colonoscopic preparation, we decided to compare the effectiveness, safety and tolerance of the use of 10% manitol with polyethyleneglycol. METHODS: A prospective, randomized and simple blind study was performed. Eighty consecutive inpatients were prospectively randomized to receive bowel preparation for elective colonoscopy with either 1 liter of 10% manitol (M Group, n=40) or 4 liters of polyethyleneglycol (PEG Group, n=40). Criteria of evaluation were quality of preparation, pre and post preparation laboratory seric test (sodium, potassium, osmolarity) and the presence of undesirable side effects during the preparation. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable in age, sex and colonoscopic indications. There was no difference between both groups when evaluating the quality of preparation: good or excellent preparation of 87.5% (manitol Group) and 90% (PEG Group) (p=0.37). The frequency of adverse effects was minor in group manitol (30%) that in group PEG (42.5%), being the nausea the most frequent symptom in both groups. A slight increase in the levels of sodium, potassium and osmolarity serums was found in both groups, without statistical difference or clinical repercussion. CONCLUSIONS: The preparation for colon cleansing with 10% manitol is as effective and safe, but better tolerated and accepted than preparation with PEG. 10% manitol would be a good alternative for colonoscopic preparation, specially for diagnostic procedures.
Assuntos
Colonoscopia , Manitol/administração & dosagem , Polietilenoglicóis/administração & dosagem , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Pacientes Internados , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Método Simples-CegoRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: En búsqueda de otras alternativas para la limpieza del colon en la preparación para colonoscopia en nuestro medio, se decidió comparar la eficacia, seguridad y tolerancia del uso del manitol al 10 por ciento con el polietilenglicol.MÉTODOS: Se diseñó un estudio de tipo prospectivo, aleatorizado y simple ciego,evaluándose 80 pacientes hospitalizados mayores de 18 años de edad en el Hospital Central FAP con indicaciones para colonoscopia electiva y aleatorizados en 2 grupos: 40 pacientes recibieron 1 litro de manitol al 10 por ciento (Grupo manitol) y 40 pacientes recibieron 4 litros de polietilenglicol (Grupo PEG). Se evaluó los niveles de calidad de limpieza, valores bioquímicos séricos pre y post preparación (sodio, potasio, osmolaridad) y la presenciade efectos adversos durante la preparación. RESULTADOS: Los grupos fueron comparables entre sí en cuanto a la edad, sexo e indicaciones de colonoscopia. Al evaluar la calidad de la preparación no se encontró diferencias en los grupos: preparación buena o excelente de 87.5por ciento para el manitol y 90% para el PEG (p=0.37). La frecuencia de efectos adversos fue menor en el grupo manitol (30 por ciento) que en el grupo PEG (42.5 por ciento), siendo la náusea el síntoma más frecuente en ambos grupos. Se encontró un incremento leve en los niveles séricos del sodio, potasio y osmolaridad en ambos grupos, sin diferencia estadística ni repercusión clínica. CONCLUSIONES: La preparación con manitol al 10 por ciento es igual de efectiva y segura que el Polietilenglicol, siendo en cambio mejor tolerada y con mejor aceptación que el PEG. El manitol al 10 por ciento sería una buena alternativa para la preparación colonoscópica en nuestromedio, en especial para los procedimientos diagnósticos.
INTRODUCTION: In search alternatives for colonoscopic preparation, we decidedto compare the effectiveness, safety and tolerance of the use of 10 percent manitol withpolyethyleneglycol.METHODS: A prospective, randomized and simple blind study was performed. Eightyconsecutive inpatients were prospectively randomized to receive bowel preparationfor elective colonoscopy with either 1 liter of 10 percent manitol (M Group, n=40) or 4 liters ofpolyethyleneglycol (PEG Group, n=40). Criteria of evaluation were quality of preparation,pre and post preparation laboratory seric test (sodium, potassium, osmolarity) and thepresence of undesirable side effects during the preparation.RESULTS: Both groups were comparable in age, sex and colonoscopic indications. There was no difference between both groups when evaluating the quality of preparation: goodor excellent preparation of 87.5 percent (manitol Group) and 90 % (PEG Group) (p=0.37). Thefrequency of adverse effects was minor in group manitol (30 percent) that in group PEG (42.5%), being the nausea the most frequent symptom in both groups. A slight increase in thelevels of sodium, potassium and osmolarity serums was found in both groups, withoutstatistical difference or clinical repercussion.CONCLUSIONS: The preparation for colon cleansing with 10 percent manitol is as effective andsafe, but better tolerated and accepted than preparation with PEG. 10 percent manitol would bea good alternative for colonoscopic preparation, specially for diagnostic procedures.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Colonoscopia , Estudo Comparativo , Hospitais Estaduais , Manitol , Pacientes Internados , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Evidence has associated chronic infection by Helicobacter pylori with chronic gastritis, low gastric acid production and an increased risk of life-threatening cholera. However, the relationship of specific patterns of histological damage in the gastric mucosa associated with H. pylori infection and the occurrence of cholera has not been described. The purpose of this study was to compare the gastric pH and histopathological findings in gastric biopsies taken from patients with severe diarrhoeal disease due to Vibrio cholerae with those taken from a control (cholera-negative) population. Thirty-five H. pylori-positive patients who had severe dehydration from culture-confirmed cholera (cases) and 40 patients with H. pylori but with no history of cholera (controls) were recruited. Gastric pH was measured and multiple biopsies were taken from the gastric antrum and body for histopathological examination. The results revealed that patients with severe cholera had a significantly higher prevalence of hypochlorhydria at endoscopy compared with controls. Furthermore, cases had significantly more chronic atrophic gastritis (45.7% vs. 12.5%; P=0.002) and intestinal metaplasia (37.1% vs. 2.5%; P<0.01) in the gastric body than controls. Our findings suggest that the nature and location of these gastric lesions may predispose a subset of H. pylori-infected individuals to severe disease by V. cholerae.
Assuntos
Cólera/patologia , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Gastrite Atrófica/patologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/patologia , Helicobacter pylori , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cólera/complicações , Feminino , Gastrite Atrófica/complicações , Infecções por Helicobacter/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , PeruRESUMO
AIM: To determine the prevalence of peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma in a population of middle and high socio-economic status in Lima, Peru, between 1985 and 2002. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The prevalence of gastroduodenal ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma was determined after studying by esophagogastroduodenoscopy 31,446 patients at the Policlínico Peruano Japonds (PPJ) between 1985 and 2002. All patients had chronic upper gastrointestinal symptoms and had endoscopically proven diagnosis of active peptic ulcer or histological diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. RESULTS: Analysis of PPJ population identified a decrease in the prevalence of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer from 3.15% and 5.05% respectively in 1985, to 1.62% and 2.00% respectively in 2002. Gastric adenocarcinoma prevalence also decreased from 3.19% in 1988 to 0.92% in 2002. The prevalences of gastric ulcer (OR = 1.49, 95% IC 1.26-1.77, p < 0.001), duodenal ulcer (OR = 1.32, 95% IC 1.15-1.51, p < 0.001) and gastric adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.53, 95% IC 1.25-1.86, p < 0.001), decreased in the last eight years. CONCLUSIONS: Over the study period, there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma at the Policlinico Peruano Japonés, where patients from middle and high socio economic status are attended.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/epidemiologia , Úlcera Péptica/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologia , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Úlcera Duodenal/epidemiologia , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Úlcera Péptica/diagnóstico , Peru/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Distribuição por Sexo , Classe Social , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Úlcera Gástrica/diagnóstico , Úlcera Gástrica/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Aim: To determine the prevalence of peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma in a population of middle and high socio-economic status in Lima, Peru, between 1985 and 2002. Materials and methods: The prevalence of gastroduodenal ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma was determined after studying by esophagogastroduodenoscopy 31,446 patients at the Policlínico Peruano Japonés (PPJ) between 1985 and 2002. All patients had chronic upper gastrointestinal symptoms and had endoscopically proven diagnosis of active peptic ulcer or histological diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. Results: Analysis of PPJ population identified a decrease in the prevalence of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer from 3.15% and 5.05% respectively in 1985, to 1.62% and 2.00% respectively in 2002. Gastric adenocarcinoma prevalence also decreased from 3.19% in 1988 to 0.92% in 2002. The prevalences of gastric ulcer (OR=1.49, 95% IC 1.26-1.77, p<0.001), duodenal ulcer (OR=1.32, 95% IC 1.15- 1.51, p<0.001) and gastric adenocarcinoma (OR=1.53, 95% IC 1.25-1.86, p<0.001), decreased in the last eight years. Conclusions: Over the study period, there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma at the PoliclínicoPeruano Japonés, where patients from middle and high socio economic status are attended.
Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de la úlcera péptica y el adenocarcinoma gástrico, en una población de nivel socioeconómico medio y alto en Lima, Perú, entre los años 1985 y 2002. Material y métodos: Se determinó la prevalencia de la úlcera gastroduodenal y el adenocarcinoma gástrico, después de evaluar por esofagogastroduodenoscopía 31,446 pacientes en el Policlínico Peruano Japonés (PPJ) entre 1985 y 2002. Todos los pacientes presentaron síntomas crónicos del tracto gastrointestinal superior, y en ellos se realizó el diagnóstico endoscópico de úlcera péptica activa e histológico de adenocarcinoma gástrico. Resultados: Luego del análisis de la población estudiada se identificó una disminución de la prevalencia de úlcera gástrica y úlcera duodenal de 3,15% y 5,05% respectivamente en 1985, a 1.62% y 2.00% respectivamente en el año 2002. La prevalencia de adenocarcinoma gástrico también disminuyó de 3,19% en 1992 a 0,92% en el año 2002. Las prevalencias de ulcera gástrica (OR =1.49, 95% IC 1.26-1.77, p<0.001), úlcera duodenal (OR =1.32, 95% IC 1.15-1.51, p<0.001) y adenocarcinoma gástrico (OR =1.53, 95% IC 1.25-1.86, p<0.001), disminuyeron en los últimos 8 años cuando comparamos con los primeros años. Conclusiones: Durante este período de estudio se observó una significativa disminución de la prevalencia de la úlcera péptica y el adenocarcinoma gástrico en pacientes peruanos de nivel socio económico medio y alto que son atendidos en este nosocomio.