RESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to analyze the agreement between the classifications based on morphology and diameter of vitreomacular traction (VMT) syndrome, as well as to correlate the morphological findings of VMT with specific maculopathies. METHODS: Fifty-three eyes with VMT syndrome were categorized into two classifications based on optical coherence tomography images: the VMT morphology (V- or J-shaped) and the diameter of adhesion (focal ≤ 1500 µm or broad>1500 µm). RESULTS: High correlation was seen between V-shaped and focal-VMT and between J-shaped and broad-VMT (kappa=0.850; P<0.001), except in four cases with broad adhesion despite the presence of a V-shaped pattern. These four cases had common characteristics to those with broad vitreal attachment regarding associated maculopathies and visual function. V-shaped VMT (n=29) and focal-VMT (n=25) led to tractional cystoid macular edema (CME; 79.31% and 84%, respectively) and macular hole (MH; 37.93% and 44%); J-shaped VMT (n=24) and broad-VMT (n=28) were associated with epiretinal membranes (ERMs; 91.66% and 92.85%, respectively) and diffuse retinal thickening (62.50% and 64.28%). The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was not significantly different between the groups (BCVA logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution: V-shaped, 0.45; J-shaped, 0.46; P=0.816; and focal, 0.50; broad, 0.42; P=0.198). CONCLUSIONS: Although highly concordant, the classification based on the diameter of the adhesion and not on the classical adhesion morphology seemed to better reflect the specific macular changes. V-shaped and focal VMT led to tractional CME and MH, while J-shaped and broad VMT were associated with ERM and diffuse retinal thickening.
Assuntos
Oftalmopatias/classificação , Adesões Focais/classificação , Doenças Retinianas/classificação , Corpo Vítreo/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndrome , Tomografia de Coerência ÓpticaRESUMO
Investigating the role of biomolecules and bioactive molecules associated with membranes is fundamental to comprehend at the molecular point-of-view biochemical and clinical processes that occur at biointerfaces. In this paper we exploit the interaction of an intraocular dye solution based on lutein and zeaxanthin in surrogate internal limiting membrane (ILM) models, consisting of dipalmitoyphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) Langmuir monolayers, pure or mixed with collagen, proteoglycan and laminin. The interactions between the film components occurring at the air-water interface were investigated with surface pressure-area isotherms and polarization modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). A natural dye solution based on lutein and zeaxanthin, employed to label ILM in ophthalmic surgery, was incorporated in the ILM model, and the data suggested non-rupture of the structure of the membrane, with predominance of interactions based on intermolecular forces.
Assuntos
Corantes/farmacologia , Olho/efeitos dos fármacos , Luteína/farmacologia , Membranas Artificiais , Modelos Teóricos , Xantofilas/farmacologia , 1,2-Dipalmitoilfosfatidilcolina/química , Humanos , Pressão , Soluções , Espectrofotometria Infravermelho , Temperatura , ZeaxantinasRESUMO
The objective of the present study was to develop a quantitative method to evaluate laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a rat model using Heidelberg Retina Angiograph 2 (HRA2) imaging. The expression of two heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) related to inflammation and angiogenesis was also investigated. CNV lesions were induced with argon laser in 21 heterozygous Zucker rats and after three weeks a fluorescein angiogram and autofluorescence exams were performed using HRA2. The area and greatest linear dimension were measured by two observers not aware of the protocol. Bland-Altman plots showed agreement between the observers, suggesting that the technique was reproducible. After fluorescein angiogram, HSPG (perlecan and syndecan-4) were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. There was a significant increase in the expression of perlecan and syndecan-4 (P < 0.0001) in retinas bearing CNV lesions compared to control retinas. The expression of these two HSPG increased with increasing CNV area. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the rat retina damaged with laser shots presented increased expression of perlecan and syndecan-4. Moreover, we observed that the overexpression occurred in the outer layer of the retina, which is related to choroidal damage. It was possible to develop a standardized quantitative method to evaluate CNV in a rat model using HRA2. In addition, we presented data indicating that the expression of HSPG parallels the area of CNV lesion. The understanding of these events offers opportunities for studies of new therapeutic interventions targeting these HSPG.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Ratos , Neovascularização de Coroide/metabolismo , Proteoglicanas de Heparan Sulfato/metabolismo , /análise , Neovascularização de Coroide/etiologia , Neovascularização de Coroide/patologia , Angiofluoresceinografia/métodos , Proteoglicanas de Heparan Sulfato/análise , Imuno-Histoquímica , Fotocoagulação a Laser , Oftalmoscopia/métodos , Ratos Zucker , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , /metabolismoRESUMO
The objective of the present study was to develop a quantitative method to evaluate laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a rat model using Heidelberg Retina Angiograph 2 (HRA2) imaging. The expression of two heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) related to inflammation and angiogenesis was also investigated. CNV lesions were induced with argon laser in 21 heterozygous Zucker rats and after three weeks a fluorescein angiogram and autofluorescence exams were performed using HRA2. The area and greatest linear dimension were measured by two observers not aware of the protocol. Bland-Altman plots showed agreement between the observers, suggesting that the technique was reproducible. After fluorescein angiogram, HSPG (perlecan and syndecan-4) were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. There was a significant increase in the expression of perlecan and syndecan-4 (P < 0.0001) in retinas bearing CNV lesions compared to control retinas. The expression of these two HSPG increased with increasing CNV area. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the rat retina damaged with laser shots presented increased expression of perlecan and syndecan-4. Moreover, we observed that the overexpression occurred in the outer layer of the retina, which is related to choroidal damage. It was possible to develop a standardized quantitative method to evaluate CNV in a rat model using HRA2. In addition, we presented data indicating that the expression of HSPG parallels the area of CNV lesion. The understanding of these events offers opportunities for studies of new therapeutic interventions targeting these HSPG.
Assuntos
Neovascularização de Coroide/metabolismo , Proteoglicanas de Heparan Sulfato/metabolismo , Sindecana-4/análise , Animais , Neovascularização de Coroide/etiologia , Neovascularização de Coroide/patologia , Feminino , Angiofluoresceinografia/métodos , Proteoglicanas de Heparan Sulfato/análise , Imuno-Histoquímica , Fotocoagulação a Laser , Oftalmoscopia/métodos , Ratos , Ratos Zucker , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Sindecana-4/metabolismoRESUMO
O volume e a concentraçao do líquido amniótico dependem da integraçao entre o organismo materno e fetal e se modificam ao longo da gravidez. OBJETIVO. Analisar a concentraçao de sódio, potásio, uréia, cratinina e ácido úrico no líquido amnioótico no segundo e terceiro trimestre de gravidezes normais e verificar a influência da idade materna, raça, paridade e sexo dos conceptos nestes elementos. MÉTODOS. Cincoenta gestantes no segundo trimestre e 50 gestantes no termo da gravidez tiveram seus líquidos amnióticos submetidos a dosagem dos elementos acima descritos. O material foi obtido por amniocentese de indicaçao genética, no primeiro grupo, e em cesáreas eletivas, no segundo grupo. Foram utilizados os seguintes testes estatísticos: análise de variância a um critério; teste t de Student; teste do qui-quadrado; teste de Mann-Whitney na dependência da natureza das variáveis (a ( 0,05). RESULTADOS. Foi verificado que no terceiro trimestre ocorre diminuiçao significante na concentraçao de sódio, aumento significante na uréia, creatinina e ácido úrico, ao passo que o potássio nao apresenta alteraçoes. Por outro lado, nao houve interferência da idade materna, paridade, raça e sexo dos conceptos. Conclusao. Aanálise destes parâmetros no líquido amniótico pode servir como base para a avaliaçao do bem-estar fetal, principalmente em relaçao à funçao renal e na detecçao de algumas síndromes genéticas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Sódio/análise , Ureia/análise , Creatinina/análise , Ácido Úrico/análise , Líquido Amniótico/química , Potássio/análise , Paridade , Segundo Trimestre da Gravidez , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Idade Materna , Amniocentese , Análise de VariânciaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: The amniotic fluid physiology is a dynamic process involving maternal and fetal compartments and depends on gestational age. PURPOSE: To analyze the concentration of sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine, and uric acid in the amniotic fluid of normal pregnant women in the second and third trimester. Also, to evaluate the influence of maternal age, race, parity, and fetal sex on those elements. METHOD: Fifty samples obtained by genetic amniocentesis (15-20 weeks, group I) and fifty obtained by elective cesarean section (38-42 weeks, group II) were analyzed. According to the variables we used the following statistical tests: Analysis of variance; Test t Student: Chi-square test; Mann-Whitney test (a 0.05 pounds). RESULTS: In group II, urea, creatinine and uric acid levels were significantly higher than in group I. The sodium level was significantly lower in group II compared with group I. The potassium concentration did not show any significant difference in both groups. There was no significant interference of maternal age, race, parity and fetal sex in any of the five studied variables. CONCLUSION: These findings were emphasized for prenatal diagnosis purposes and analysis of renal function. The authors suggest future comparisons of obtained "normal" data with pathological situations.
Assuntos
Líquido Amniótico/química , Creatinina/análise , Potássio/análise , Sódio/análise , Ureia/análise , Ácido Úrico/análise , Amniocentese , Análise de Variância , Feminino , Humanos , Idade Materna , Paridade , Gravidez , Segundo Trimestre da Gravidez , Terceiro Trimestre da GravidezRESUMO
O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de desenvolver um sistema de deteccao sensivel e especifico, necessitando assim, pequenas quantidades de saliva, e pouca ou nenhuma purificacao das amostras, alem de ser o ensaio rapido o suficiente para ser efetuado varias vezes num so dia, e realizavel na maioria dos laboratorios do nosso meio. Utilizaram-se 60 amostras de saliva de gestantes escolhidos ao acaso, em diferentes idades gestacionais colhidas 5 minutos apos estimulo com goma de mascar (Trident). Foram comparados 2 metodos: metodo com extracao e metodo direto. E apresentado um protocolo final de teste com analise dos parametros de sensibilidade, exatidao e precisao. O metodo desenvolvido apresenta caracteristicas que permite o seu uso para a determinacao do estriol no fluido salivar