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Resumo Objetivo Identificar as potencialidades e fragilidades envolvidas na aplicabilidade da teleconsulta de enfermagem à pessoa idosa na Atenção Primária à Saúde durante a pandemia. Método Estudo qualitativo, do tipo exploratório-descritivo, realizado de março a abril de 2022, com 30 enfermeiros atuantes na Atenção Primária do município de Florianópolis, em Santa Catarina, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados mediante entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas e analisados por meio de Análise Temática de Minayo, seguindo três etapas: pré-análise, exploração do material, tratamento dos resultados obtidos e interpretação; com uso de análise indutiva. Resultados Dentre as potencialidades da teleconsulta de enfermagem destacam-se: ampliação do acesso aos serviços de saúde, continuidade do cuidado e proteção ao idoso durante período pandêmico e possibilidade de levar o atendimento para além de barreiras geográficas. As fragilidades envolveram dificuldades com o uso dos meios tecnológicos por parte dos idosos, falhas no processo de comunicação e a necessidade da presença do familiar ou cuidador no momento da teleconsulta. Conclusão A teleconsulta em enfermagem é uma tecnologia já utilizada em diversos países que ganhou visibilidade no Brasil diante do advento da pandemia provocada pelo coronavírus e se tornou um importante recurso de ampliação do acesso, continuidade do cuidado e manutenção do vínculo entre a equipe de saúde da família com as pessoas idosas e seus familiares. Todavia, essa tecnologia ainda necessita de melhor aperfeiçoamento para superar as dificuldades vivenciadas em sua utilização tanto por usuários quanto por profissionais.

Abstract Objective To identify the potentialities and shortcomings involved in the applicability of nursing teleconsultation to older adults in Primary Care during the pandemic. Method A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study was carried out from March to April 2022 of 30 nurses working in Primary Care in the city of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina state, Brazil. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews and analyzed using Minayo Thematic Analysis involving three stages: pre-analysis; exploring the material; and treatment and interpretation of the results obtained using inductive analysis. Results The potentialities of nursing teleconsultation included expanding access to health services; providing continuity of care and protection for older adults during the pandemic period and transcending geographical barriers in care delivery. The shortcomings involved difficulties with the use of technologies by the older individuals, breakdowns in the communication process, and the need for the presence of a family member or caregiver during teleconsultations. Conclusion Teleconsultation in nursing is a technology used in many countries that has gained traction in Brazil due to the coronavirus pandemic and become an important resource for expanding access, providing care continuity and maintaining the bond between family health teams, older adults and their relatives. However, this technology needs further improvement to overcome the difficulties experienced by both users and professionals in its use.

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This study aimed to compare the subgingival microbiota of subjects with and without breast cancer (BC). Patients with BC (Group 1; n= 50) and without BC (Group 2; n=50) with periodontitis (A) and without periodontitis (B). The study was conducted in two phases (P1 and P2). One biofilm sample was collected from each subject and analyzed by DNA-DNA Hybridization (Checkerboard DNA-DNA). The relative abundance of the subgingival microbiota differed between the Case and Control groups. However, some species were higher in patients in the Case than in Control subjects and differed between the groups in both phases. Composition of the subgingival microbial community according to the Socransky complex was related to periodontal disease, followed by clinical attachment of level (CAL ≥4mm), age, and tooth loss, which were found to be abundant in Cases when compared with controls. Patients with Tumor Grade II and III had a higher prevalence of tooth loss and CAL≥4mm. It was concluded that in individuals with BC, the sub-gingival microbiota exhibited atypical changes, but they developed periodontal disease.

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la microbiota subgingival de sujetos con y sin cáncer de mama (CM). Pacientes con CM (Grupo 1; n= 50) y sin CM (Grupo 2; n=50) con periodontitis (A) y sin periodontitis (B). El estudio se realizó en das fases (P1 y P2). Se recogió una muestra de biopelícula de cada sujeto y se analizó mediante hibridación ADN-ADN (tablero de ajedrez ADN-ADN). La abundancia relativa de la microbiota subgingival difirió entre los grupos de Caso y Control. Sin embargo, algunas especies fueron más altas en los pacientes del Caso que en los sujetos del Control y difirieron entre los grupos en ambas fases. La composición de la comunidad microbiana subgingival según el complejo de Socransky se relacionó con la enfermedad periodontal, seguida por el nivel de inserción clínica (CAL≥4mm), la edad y la pérdida de dientes, que se mostró abundante en los casos en comparación con los controles. Los pacientes con Tumor Grado II y III tuvieron mayor prevalencia de pérdida dental y CAL≥4mm. Se concluyó que en individuos con CM la microbiota subgingival presentó cambios atípicos, pero sin embargo, desarrollaron enfermedad periodontal.

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BACKGROUND: Notwithstanding recent advances in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) management, its mortality rate is still high. It is imperative to investigate new parameters that are complementary to clinical staging for OSCC to provide better prognostic insight. The presence of isolated neoplastic cells or small clusters of up to four cells at the tumor's invasive front, called tumor budding, is a morphological marker of OSCC with prognostic value. Increased lymphatic vascular density (LVD) and a high expression of podoplanin in neoplastic cells have also been associated with worse prognosis in OSCC. To investigate these markers in OSCC, we evaluated differences in LVD and the expression of podoplanin in neoplastic cells between tumors with high-intensity tumor budding versus low-intensity or no tumor budding. In the samples of high-intensity budding, differences in those parameters between the​​ budding area and the area outside the budding were also evaluated. Furthermore, the study assessed differences in LVD and in the expression of podoplanin in neoplastic cells concerning OSCC clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS: To those ends, we subjected 150 samples of OSCC to immunohistochemistry to evaluate the intensity of tumor budding (via multi-cytokeratin immunostaining). Moreover, the 150 samples of OSCC and 15 specimens of normal oral mucosa (used as a control) were employed to assess LVD and the expression of podoplanin (in neoplastic cells of OSCC and in the lining epithelium of normal oral mucosa), both via podoplanin immunostaining. Data were processed into descriptive and analytical statistics. RESULTS: No differences were observed neither in the LVD nor in the expression of podoplanin in neoplastic cells concerning sex, age, tobacco smoking, tumor location and tumor size. The LVD was greater in OSCC and in tumors with high-intensity budding than in normal mucosa but did not differ between normal mucosa and tumors with low-intensity or no tumor budding. The data analyses also revealed that LVD was greater in tumors with high-intensity tumor budding than in tumors with low-intensity or no budding and showed no difference in LVD between the budding area and the area outside the budding. When compared to the lining epithelium of the normal mucosa, the expression of podoplanin was greater in neoplastic cells of OSCC, tumors with high-intensity budding and tumors with low-intensity or no tumor budding. The expression of podoplanin in neoplastic cells was also greater in tumors with high-intensity budding and, within those tumors, greater in the budding area than in the area outside de budding. CONCLUSION: Those findings support the hypothesis that tumor budding is a biological phenomenon associated with the progression and biological behavior of OSCC.

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Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica acerca das estratégias educativas, baseadas em evidências, utilizadas no processo de ensino aprendizagem em enfermagem à luz da abordagem da aprendizagem significativa. Método: Revisão integrativa desenvolvida de acordo com as etapas: identificação do tema e seleção da hipótese de pesquisa; estabelecimento dos critérios de elegibilidade; identificação dos estudos nas bases científicas/categorização dos estudos; avaliação dos estudos selecionados; análise crítica e interpretação dos resultados; apresentação dos dados na estrutura da revisão integrativa. Resultados: Diferentes estratégias educativas baseadas na aprendizagem significativa foram identificadas tais como: mapa conceitual, estudo de caso, uso de simulador, cursos on-line e jogos. Como principais resultados das intervenções, observou-se a promoção da aprendizagem significativa e o desenvolvimento do raciocínio reflexivo e crítico em estudantes e profissionais de enfermagem, atuando como sujeitos de sua própria práxis. Conclusão: A aprendizagem significativa é uma linha pedagógica fundamental, devendo ser inserida no processo de educação em diversas áreas do saber. Dessa maneira, foi possível identificar que a mesma ancorou estratégias de ensino que se mostraram eficazes, com destaque para o uso de mapas conceituais e as tecnologias educacionais digitais.

Objective: To analyze the scientific production about educational strategies, based on evidence, used in the teaching-learning process in nursing in the light of the meaningful learning approach. Method: Integrative review developed according to the steps: identification of the theme and selection of the research hypothesis; establishment of eligibility criteria; identification of studies in scientific bases/categorization of studies; evaluation of selected studies; critical analysis and interpretation of results; presentation of data in the framework of the integrative review. Results: Different educational strategies based on meaningful learning were identified, such as: conceptual map, case study, use of simulator, online courses and games. As main results of the interventions, it was observed the promotion of meaningful learning and the development of reflective and critical reasoning in students and nursing professionals, acting as subjects of their own praxis. Conclusion: Meaningful learning is a fundamental pedagogical line and should be inserted in the education process in several areas of knowledge. In this way, it was possible to identify that it anchored teaching strategies that proved to be effective, with emphasis on the use of concept maps and digital educational technologies.

Objetivo: Analizar la producción científica sobre estrategias educativas basadas en la evidencia utilizadas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en enfermería a la luz del enfoque del aprendizaje significativo. Método: Revisión integrativa desarrollada de acuerdo con los siguientes pasos: identificación del tema y selección de la hipótesis de investigación; establecimiento de criterios de elegibilidad; identificación de estudios en bases de datos científicas/categorización de estudios; evaluación de los estudios seleccionados; análisis crítico e interpretación de los resultados; presentación de los datos en la estructura de revisión integrativa. Resultados: Se identificaron distintas estrategias educativas basadas en el aprendizaje significativo como: mapa conceptual, estudio de casos, uso de simulador, cursos online y juegos. Los principales resultados de las intervenciones fueron la promoción del aprendizaje significativo y el desarrollo del pensamiento reflexivo y crítico en estudiantes y profesionales de enfermería, actuando como sujetos de su propia praxis. Conclusión: El aprendizaje significativo es una línea pedagógica fundamental y debe insertarse en el proceso educativo en diversas áreas del conocimiento. Así, fue posible identificar que ancló estrategias de enseñanza que se mostraron eficaces, con énfasis en el uso de mapas conceptuales y tecnologías educativas digitales.

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RESUMO Objetivo identificar intervenções de enfermagem para prevenção de quedas em pessoas idosas hospitalizadas. Métodos revisão integrativa desenvolvida nas bases de dados Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL e LILACS utilizando a estratégia PICo com descritores controlados e suas combinações mediante os operadores booleanos AND e OR. Incluíram-se estudos abordando as intervenções para prevenção de quedas em pessoas idosas no contexto hospitalar, sem limitação geográfica ou de idioma, a partir de 2004 com a criação da The World Alliance for Patient Safety. Três revisores trabalharam nas citações, com uso do EndNote basic e Rayyan, alcançando amostra final de 20 estudos. Resultados foram identificadas 202 intervenções de enfermagem para prevenção de quedas em pessoas idosas hospitalizadas, categorizadas em seis domínios da Nursing Interventions Classification (Fisiológico: básico; Fisiológico: complexo; Comportamental; Segurança; Família; Sistemas de Saúde). Conclusão identificaram-se intervenções de enfermagem para prevenção de quedas em pessoas idosas hospitalizadas, o que fornece subsídios para construção de protocolos assistenciais e melhorias da assistência. Contribuições para a prática: os resultados permitem que o enfermeiro possa prevenir a ocorrência de quedas, pondo em prática achados científicos consistentes desde o planejamento de ações até a execução e reavaliação dos resultados com a equipe.

ABSTRACT Objective to identify nursing interventions for fall prevention in hospitalized aged people. Methods integrative review developed on the Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL and LILACS databases using the PICo strategy with controlled descriptors and their combinations using the Boolean operators AND and OR. Studies addressing interventions to prevent falls in aged people in the hospital setting were included, without geographical or language limitation, from 2004 with the creation of The World Alliance for Patient Safety. Three reviewers worked on the citations, using EndNote basic and Rayyan, reaching a final sample of 20 studies. Results 202 nursing interventions were identified for fall prevention in hospitalized aged people, categorized into six domains of the Nursing Interventions Classification (Physiological: basic; Physiological: complex; Behavioral; Safety; Family; Health Systems). Conclusion nursing interventions were identified for the prevention of falls in hospitalized aged people, which provides subsidies for the construction of care protocols and improvements in care. Contributions to practice: the results allow nurses to prevent the occurrence of falls, putting into practice consistent scientific findings from the planning of actions to the execution and reassessment of results with the team.

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Rice bran oil is a highly nutritious vegetable oil, as it is rich in tocols and γ-oryzanol. Degumming is the first step in the vegetable oil refining process, and its main objective is the removal of phospholipids or gums. In the present study, enzymatic degumming trials were performed on crude rice bran oil using the phospholipases PLA1, Purifine® PLC, their mixture (PLA1/PLC), and a cocktail known as Purifine® 3G. Enzymatic degumming applying 50 mg/kg of PLA1 for 120 min resulted in a residual phosphorus content of 10.4 mg/kg and an absolute free fatty acid increase of 0.30%. Enzymatic degumming applying 300 mg/kg of Purifine® PLC for 120 min at 60 °C resulted in a residual phosphorus content of 67 mg/kg and an absolute diacylglycerol increase of 0.41%. The mixture of phospholipases and the cocktail presented approximately 5 mg/kg of residual phosphorus content after the reaction times. For all degumming processes, the preservation of minor components such as tocols and γ-oryzanol were observed. These results indicate that the use of enzyme mixtures or their cocktails to attain low phosphorus content and high diacylglycerol/free fatty acid conversion during enzymatic degumming is a viable alternative.

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OBJECTIVES: This study estimated the prevalence, genotype distribution, and the factors associated with oral human papillomavirus (HPV) in people who use crack-cocaine (PWUCC) in a remote Brazilian region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study used community-based snowball sampling methods for participant recruitment. Socio-demographic, economic, drug use, and health-related information was collected from 278 PWUCC in the cities of Bragança and Capanema in northern Brazil. HPV diagnosis and genotyping were performed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Logistic regression identified the factors independently associated with oral HPV. RESULTS: In total, 111 (39.9%) PWUCC had HPV DNA. Several genotypes were identified, some of them with high oncogenic potential. Crack-cocaine use ≥40 months, unprotected sex, more than 10 sexual partners in the last 12 months, oral sex, exchange of sex for money or illicit drugs, oral mucosa lesions, not having access to public health services, and the absence of vaccination against HPV was all associated with HPV DNA. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified important epidemiological characteristics of oral HPV infection among PWUCC-a highly marginalized risk population-underlining the high prevalence of oral HPV with oncogenic potential and the urgent need for control and prevention measures, especially vaccination against this virus. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: It is necessary to understand the prevalence and risk factors of oral HPV in risk populations as people who use crack-cocaine.

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RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar os fatores de risco para quedas em pessoas idosas residentes na comunidade. Métodos: estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo, desenvolvido na região Nordeste do Brasil com 221 pessoas idosas residentes na comunidade. A coleta de dados ocorreu de junho a setembro de 2016 com a utilização de instrumentos estruturados. Realizou-se uma análise exploratória dos dados com medidas de tendência central, dispersão e associação entre as variáveis. Resultados: em relação ao perfil, observaram-se faixa etária entre 60 e 79 anos (75,6%); sexo feminino (70,6%); casados (43,9%); até quatro anos de escolaridade (33,9%); renda pessoal mensal de até um salário mínimo (45,7%) proveniente da aposentadoria (60,2%); três a cinco comorbidades (51,6%). Quanto ao risco para quedas, destacou-se como preditores a Fall Risk Score classificada como "alto risco", seguida por medicamentos antiparkinsonianos, antidepressivos e diuréticos, hipoglicemia, deficiência auditiva, dor, incontinência urinária e sintomas neurológicos. Conclusão: faz-se necessário estabelecer ações individuais e coletivas para a prevenção e promoção da saúde diante dos riscos para quedas. A rede de saúde deve trabalhar para possibilitar a conscientização de que as quedas constituem um problema de saúde pública e, por isso, ressalta-se a necessidade de cuidados direcionados, evitando consequências na qualidade de vida da pessoa idosa.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar los factores de riesgo para caídas en personas mayores residentes en la comunidad. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo, desarrollado en la región Nordeste de Brasil con 221 personas mayores residentes en la comunidad. La recolección de datos tuvo lugar de junio a septiembre de 2016 con la utilización de instrumentos estructurados. Se realizó un análisis exploratorio de los datos con medidas de tendencia central, dispersión y asociación entre las variables. Resultados: en relación al perfil, se observaron franja etaria entre 60 y 79 años (75,6%); sexo femenino (70,6%); casados (43,9%); hasta cuatro años de escolaridad (33,9%); renta personal mensual de hasta un salario mínimo (45,7%) proveniente de la jubilación (60,2%); tres a cinco comorbilidades (51,6%). En cuanto al riesgo de caídas, se destacó como predictores la FallRisk Score clasificada como "alto riesgo", seguida por fármacosAntiparkinsonianos, antidepresivos y diuréticos, hipoglucemia, deficiencia auditiva, dolor, incontinencia urinaria y síntomas neurológicos. Conclusión: se hace necesario establecer acciones individuales y colectivas para la prevención y promoción de la salud frente a los riesgos para caídas. La red de salud debe trabajar para posibilitar la concienciación de que las caídas constituyen un problema de salud pública y, por eso, se resalta la necesidad de cuidados dirigidos, evitando consecuencias en la calidad de vida de la persona anciana.

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess risk factors for falls in elderly people living in the community. Methods: descriptive, cross-sectional, and quantitative study, developed in the Northeast region of Brazil with 221 elderly people living in the community. Data collection took place from June to September 2016 using structured instruments. An exploratory data analysis was performed with measures of central tendency, dispersion, and association between variables. Results: regarding the profile, there was an age group between 60 and 79 years old (75.6%); females (70.6%); married (43.9%); up to four years of education (33.9%); monthly personal income of up to one minimum wage (45.7%) from retirement (60.2%); three to five comorbidities (51.6%). As for the risk of falls, the Fall Risk Score classified as "high risk" stood out as predictors, followed by antiparkinsonian drugs, antidepressants and diuretics, hypoglycemia, hearing loss, pain, urinary incontinence, and neurological symptoms. Conclusion: it is necessary to establish individual and collective actions for the prevention and promotion of health because of the risks of falls. The health network must work to raise awareness that falls are a public health problem and, therefore, the need for targeted care is emphasized, avoiding consequences on the quality of life of elderly people.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the concept of "frailty syndrome" in the literature, according to the method proposed by Walker and Avant. METHODS: It is a concept analysis, guided by the method proposed by Walker and Avant, made operational through an integrative literature review. The search in a scientific database was carried out using the descriptors: Frail elderly, syndrome, phenotype, geriatric assessment, and aging. The literary corpus comprised 66 studies. RESULTS: The study found the antecedents and attributes (categorized as physical, sociodemographic, and behavioral/environmental) that integrate the signs and symptoms evidenced in the "frailty syndrome," as well as the consequences of this concept. The variables were analyzed with emphasis on the conceptions that influence the frailty process of the elderly. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated the complexity arising from the multifactorial genesis of the referred syndrome, emphasizing the specificities of the elderly's frailty. However, we recommend conducting further research involving the phenomenon in question to understand the construct better.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the concept of "frailty syndrome" in the literature, according to the method proposed by Walker and Avant. Methods: It is a concept analysis, guided by the method proposed by Walker and Avant, made operational through an integrative literature review. The search in a scientific database was carried out using the descriptors: Frail elderly, syndrome, phenotype, geriatric assessment, and aging. The literary corpus comprised 66 studies. Results: The study found the antecedents and attributes (categorized as physical, sociodemographic, and behavioral/environmental) that integrate the signs and symptoms evidenced in the "frailty syndrome," as well as the consequences of this concept. The variables were analyzed with emphasis on the conceptions that influence the frailty process of the elderly. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the complexity arising from the multifactorial genesis of the referred syndrome, emphasizing the specificities of the elderly's frailty. However, we recommend conducting further research involving the phenomenon in question to understand the construct better.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el concepto "síndrome del anciano frágil", en la literatura, según el método propuesto por Walker y Avant. Métodos: Se trata de un análisis de concepto, orientada por el método propuesto por Walker y Avant, es operacionada mediante revisión integrativa de la literatura. La búsqueda en base de datos científicos ha sido efectuada utilizándose los descriptores: Frail elderly, syndrome, phenotype, geriatric assessment y aging. Para componer el corpus literario, han sido seleccionados 66 estudios. Resultados: Se ha constatado los antecedentes y atributos (categorizados en físicos, sociodemográficos, y comportamentales/ambientales) que integran los señales y síntomas evidenciados en el "síndrome del anciano frágil", así como los consecuentes del referido concepto. Ha procedido al análisis de las variables con destaque para las concepciones que influencian el proceso de fragilidad del anciano. Conclusión: El estudio demostró la complejidad proveniente de la génesis multifactorial del referido síndrome, resaltando las especificidades de la fragilidad del anciano. Sin embargo, se recomienda la realización de nuevas investigaciones envolviendo el fenómeno en cuestión para mejor comprensión del constructo.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o conceito "síndrome do idoso frágil", na literatura, de acordo com o método proposto por Walker e Avant. Métodos: Trata-se de uma análise de conceito, orientada pelo método proposto por Walker e Avant, operacionalizada mediante revisão integrativa da literatura. A busca em base de dados científicos foi efetivada utilizando-se os descritores: Frail elderly, syndrome, phenotype, geriatric assessment e aging. Para compor o corpus literário, foram elencados 66 estudos. Resultados: Constataram-se os antecedentes e atributos (categorizados em físicos, sociodemográficos, e comportamentais/ambientais) que integram os sinais e sintomas evidenciados na "síndrome do idoso frágil", bem como os consequentes do referido conceito. Procedeu-se à análise das variáveis com destaque para as concepções que influenciam o processo de fragilização do idoso. Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou a complexidade proveniente da gênese multifatorial da referida síndrome, ressaltando as especificidades da fragilidade do idoso. Contudo, recomenda-se a realização de novas pesquisas envolvendo o fenômeno em questão para melhor compreensão do constructo.