RESUMO
Pollution and industrial practices result in concentrations of metals and other environmental agents that are related to environmental toxicity. A rat bioassay was utilized for the identification of toxic effects of cadmium intake. This demonstrated increased total urinary proteins and increased kidney weights in rats exposed to CdCl2 for 7 days, in drinking water (100 mg/L). Serum creatinine, total and direct bilirubin concentrations and alanine transaminase activity were increased in Cd-exposed rats, indicating renal and hepatic toxicity. It was also observed that lipoperoxide concentrations were increased, while Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity was decreased in rats treated with cadmium. This indicated that the renal and hepatic toxicity induced by cadmium involved superoxide radicals.
Assuntos
Cloreto de Cádmio/toxicidade , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Animais , Bilirrubina/sangue , Cloreto de Cádmio/administração & dosagem , Creatinina/sangue , Rim/patologia , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Proteinúria , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Medição de Risco , Superóxido Dismutase/sangue , Superóxidos/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The present report was carried out to determine whether alcohol intake could induce prostate lesions. METHODS: We tested male rats for 300 days. Animals were divided into three groups: controls received only tap water as liquid diet; the chronic alcohol intake group received only ethanol solution in semivoluntary research; and the withdrawal group received the same treatment as chronic alcohol intake until 240 days, after which they reverted to drinking water. RESULTS: Chronic alcohol intake increased lipoperoxide concentrations and acid phosphatase activities. Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) was decreased at 60 days, but approached controls values at 300 days following treatment. The serum increased alkaline phosphatase, and alanine transaminase activities reflected the chronic toxic effect of ethanol. CONCLUSIONS: Since SOD activity was unable to scavenge superoxide radical and lipoperoxide formation, we can conclude that superoxide is an important intermediate in prostate damage of chronic alcohol intake.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/sangue , Etanol/efeitos adversos , Próstata/efeitos dos fármacos , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Próstata/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Superóxido Dismutase/sangueRESUMO
The toxic effects of chronic ethanol ingestion were evaluated in male adult rats for 300 days. The animals were divided into three groups: the controls received only tap water as liquid diet; the chronic ethanol ingestion group received only ethanol solution (30%) in semivoluntary research; and the withdrawal group received the same treatment as chronic ethanol-treated rats until 240 days, after which they reverted to drinking water. Chronic ethanol ingestion induced increased lipoperoxide levels and acid phosphatase activities in seminal vesicles. Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased from its basal level 70.8 +/- 3.5 to 50.4 +/- 1.6 U/mg protein at 60 days of chronic ethanol ingestion. As changes in GSH-PX activity were observed in rats after chronic ethanol ingestion, while SOD activities were decreased in these animals, it is assumed that superoxide anion elicits lipoperoxide formation and induces cell damage before being converted to hydrogen peroxide by SOD. Ethanol withdrawal induced increased SOD activity and reduced seminal vesicle damage, indicating that the toxic effects were reversible, since increased SOD activity was adequate to scavenge superoxide radical formation. Superoxide radical is an important intermediate in the toxicity of chronic ethanol ingestion.
Assuntos
Etanol/toxicidade , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Glândulas Seminais/efeitos dos fármacos , Solventes/toxicidade , Superóxidos/metabolismo , Fosfatase Ácida/metabolismo , Administração Oral , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Etanol/administração & dosagem , Peróxidos Lipídicos/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Glândulas Seminais/enzimologia , Glândulas Seminais/metabolismo , Solventes/administração & dosagem , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
Three nickel compounds were tested for pancreatic, hepatic and osteogenic damage in rats by a single i.m. injection Ni++ (7 mg kg-1). The nickel induced biochemical alterations included significantly increased levels of serum alkaline phosphatase in rats with NiS (75%) and NiO (50%). Amylase and aspartate transaminase were also increased, and lipoperoxide was increased in rats with NiO (5.6-fold) and NiS (3.4-fold). No serum changes were observed with NiCl2. Daily injection of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) conjugated with polyethylene glycol prevented the serum level changes, indicating that superoxide radical is an important intermediate in toxicity of nickel insoluble compounds.
Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental , Níquel/toxicidade , Superóxidos/toxicidade , Animais , Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidroxilamina , Hidroxilaminas/toxicidade , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Níquel/análise , Pâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Espectrofotometria Atômica , Superóxido Dismutase/administração & dosagem , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/fisiologiaRESUMO
Pollution, industrial solvents, concentrations of metals and other environmental agents are widely related to biochemicals values which are used in disease diagnosis of environmental toxicity. A rat bioassay validated for the identification of toxic effects of eutrophication revealed increased serum activities of amylase, alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in rats that received algae, filtered water and nickel or cadmium from drinking water. Serum Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity decreased from its basal level of 40.8 +/- 2.3 to 26.4 U/mg protein, at 7 days of algae and at 48 hr of nickel and cadmium water ingestion. The observation that lipoperoxide concentration was not altered in rats treated with filtered water, while amylase, ALT and ALP were increased in these rats and in those treated with nickel or cadmium, indicated that pancreatic, hepatic and osteogenic lesions by eutrophication were not related to superoxide radicals, and might be due to a novel toxic environmental agent found in filtered and non-filtered algae water.
Assuntos
Eutrofização , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Pâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Amilases/sangue , Animais , Cádmio/toxicidade , Exposição Ambiental , Masculino , Níquel/toxicidade , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Superóxidos/metabolismoRESUMO
These data suggest that an improved understanding of the relationship between high dietary carbohydrate and the rate of lipid peroxidation may give some insight into possible treatment modalities for pancreatic damages and may shed light on molecular mechanisms underlying certain pathological processes. High dietary carbohydrate lesions are age related and induced alterations on ceruloplasmin, phospholipids, total proteins, copper and zinc serum levels. Significantly increased serum and pancreatic amylase, and lipoperoxide determinations were observed in 20 month old rats. Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase was decreased in these animals. Daily injection of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase conjugated with polyethylene glycol (SOD-PEG) prevented the serum and pancreatic changes, indicating that superoxide radical is an important intermediate to high dietary carbohydrate lesion.
Assuntos
Carboidratos da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Pancreatopatias/etiologia , Animais , Pancreatopatias/enzimologia , Polietilenoglicóis/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
Biochemical values are widely related with environmental agents, sex and age, and are used in disease diagnosis. Numerous reports have been published on the biochemical parameters of different breeds of horses. However, there is a paucity of information concerning Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), ceruloplasmin, copper and zinc determinations in the serum. Blood samples from a total of 60 horses of the Mangalarga-Paulista breed, representing three age groups (0 to 4 months old, 6 to 18 months old and adult) were examined. Male horses have a higher mean value of SOD, ceruloplasmin and copper than do females. No significant sex-related difference was observed in serum zinc content of weaned and adult horses. SOD activity was significantly higher in adult animals. Since SOD has a protective effect against superoxide free radical toxicity and possesses anti-inflammatory activity, it is reasonable to assume that the increased activity of this enzyme may be due to an adaptation mechanism which protects the adult animal against oxygen toxicity.
Assuntos
Cavalos/sangue , Envelhecimento/sangue , Animais , Animais Lactentes/sangue , Ceruloplasmina/análise , Cobre/sangue , Feminino , Masculino , Valores de Referência , Superóxido Dismutase/sangue , Zinco/sangueRESUMO
The ability of high dietary carbohydrate to induce acute pancreatitis was investigated in groups of 16, 21-day and 15-month old rats fed different carbohydrate diets for 30 days. Significantly increased levels of serum amylase (2-fold), phospholipids (50%), phosphorus (2-fold), and lipoperoxides (8-fold) were observed in 15-month old rats fed a high-carbohydrate diet, compared to rats fed a diet with normal carbohydrate levels, indicating peroxidation of membrane lipids which caused final cell death and pancreatic lesion. Serum Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity was not altered. Daily administration of bovine Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase conjugated with polyethylene glycol prevented the serum level alterations and pancreatic lesions, indicating that the superoxide radical has a role in dietary carbohydrate-induced acute pancreatitis. No biochemical changes were observed in rats in which treatment was initiated on the 21st day of life indicating that this is an age-related lesion.
Assuntos
Carboidratos da Dieta/efeitos adversos , Pancreatite/etiologia , Doença Aguda , Fatores Etários , Animais , Quimioterapia Combinada , Pancreatite/tratamento farmacológico , Polietilenoglicóis/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Superóxido Dismutase/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The effect of nickel from soluble NiCl2 on Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, as well as on rate of nitro blue tetrazolium reduction, was studied in vitro since lipid peroxidation has been implicated in cell damage by nickel insoluble compounds, whose toxicity and carcinogenicity are well established. The physical and chemical nature of nickel compounds is one of the key determinations of its toxicity. Soluble nickel freely enter cells, but is just as readily excreted reducing the opportunity for production of lipid damage. Nickel from NiCl2 strongly activated SOD activity. In vitro addition of nickel chloride to a crude lung preparation altered the KM for SOD without changing the Vmax. Nickel chloride produced increased enzyme affinity to the substrate, because decreased (O2-) concentration that yields half-maximal velocity. The combination of nickel and SOD may contribute to stabilization of the particular conformation of SOD responsible for maximal catalytically activity.
Assuntos
Pulmão/enzimologia , Níquel/farmacologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Poluentes Atmosféricos/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Nitroazul de Tetrazólio/química , Oxirredução , Ligação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The ability of high dietary carbohydrate to induce acute pancreatitis was investigated in groups of 16, 21-day and 15-month old rats fed different carbohydrate diets for 30 days. Significantly increased levels of serum amylase (2-fold), phospholipids (50 per cent ), phosphorus (2-fold), and lipoperoxides (8-fold) were observed in 15-month old rats fed a high-carbohydrate diet, compared to rats fed a diet with normal carbohydrate levels, indicating peroxidation of membrane lipids which caused final cell death and pancreatic lesion. Serum Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity was not altered. Daily administration of bovine Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase conjugated with polyethylene glycol prevented the serum level alterations and pancreatic lesions, indicating that the superoxide radical has a role in dietary carbohydrate-induced acute pancreatitis. No biochemical changes were observed in rats in which treatment was initiated on the 21st day of life indicating that this is an age-related lesion