RESUMO
Variability in snake venom composition is well-documented and crucial for understanding snake ecology and predicting snakebites. In this study, we characterize the venom composition and biological activities of newborn female and male Bothrops moojeni and their mother. Our results reveal significant differences between the venom of newborn females and males, demonstrating a broad and diverse range of proteins. The venoms of newborn females showed higher serine protease effects, increased hemorrhagic activity, and greater lethality compared to the venom of newborn males. However, no differences were observed in phospholipase A2 and coagulant activity. The differences in protein composition and toxic activities between maternal and neonatal venom, as well as between the venoms of newborn females and males, contribute to understanding the diverse outcomes of snakebites. These results underscore the importance of considering sex and ontogeny in understanding venom composition in snakes.
Assuntos
Animais Recém-Nascidos , Bothrops , Venenos de Crotalídeos , Animais , Bothrops/classificação , Bothrops/fisiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
AIM: The maternal environment during pregnancy and lactation plays a determining role in programming energy metabolism in offspring. Among a myriad of maternal factors, disruptions in the light/dark cycle during pregnancy can program glucose intolerance in offspring. Out-of-phase feeding has recently been reported to influence metabolism in adult humans and rodents; however, it is not known whether this environmental factor impacts offspring metabolism when applied during pregnancy and lactation. This study aims to determine whether maternal day-restricted feeding (DF) influences energy metabolism in offspring. METHODS: Pregnant and lactating Wistar rats were subjected to ad libitum (AL) or DF during pregnancy and lactation. The offspring born to the AL and DF dams were intra- and interfostered, which resulted in 4 group types. RESULTS: The male offspring born to and breastfed by the DF dams (DF/DF off) were glucose intolerant, but without parallel insulin resistance as adults. Experiments with isolated pancreatic islets demonstrated that the male DF/DF off rats had reduced insulin secretion with no parallel disruption in calcium handling. However, this reduction in insulin secretion was accompanied by increased miRNA-29a and miRNA34a expression and decreased syntaxin 1a protein levels. CONCLUSION: We conclude that out-of-phase feeding during pregnancy and lactation can lead to glucose intolerance in male offspring, which is caused by a disruption in insulin secretion capacity. This metabolic programming is possibly caused by mechanisms dependent on miRNA modulation of syntaxin 1a.
Assuntos
Restrição Calórica/efeitos adversos , Insulina/metabolismo , Lactação/fisiologia , Prenhez/metabolismo , Animais , Cálcio/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Feminino , Intolerância à Glucose/metabolismo , Técnicas In Vitro , Secreção de Insulina , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Masculino , MicroRNAs/biossíntese , MicroRNAs/genética , NADP/metabolismo , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sintaxina 1/biossíntese , Sintaxina 1/genéticaRESUMO
This study aimed to analyze the vascular mechanisms involved in post-resistance decreases in blood pressure in patients with peripheral artery disease. 17 patients underwent 2 experimental sessions conducted in random order: resistance exercise (REx-3×10 reps in 8 exercises with intensity of ~ 60% of 1 RM) and control (C- resting on the exercise machines for 50 min). Before and after each experimental session, blood pressure, reflected wave indicators, pulse wave velocity, blood flow, blood flow post-reactive hyperemia and peripheral vascular resistance responses were obtained. Both sessions increased brachial systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure (greatest increase REx: 11 mmHg; greatest increase C: 19 mmHg; P<0.01); however, the increases were greater after the C session (P<0.01). Reflected wave indicators increased only after the C session (P<0.06), while pulse wave velocity increased similarly after both sessions (P=0.66). Individual analyses indicated a large variability between patients in vascular variables responses. A single bout of REx decreased blood pressure in peripheral artery disease patients, and these responses were followed by changes in reflected wave indicators. The other factors presented high individual variability, and thus it was not possible to identify specific factors associated with blood pressure reduction in peripheral artery disease patients.
Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Doença Arterial Periférica/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Treinamento Resistido , Resistência Vascular , Rigidez VascularRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In sarcoidosis, clinical presentations and outcomes vary widely. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical phenotypes of sarcoidosis, by factor analysis, in a series of cases with long-term follow-up. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study involving 137 patients with biopsy-confirmed sarcoidosis, recruited from two referral centers in São Paulo, Brazil. Organ involvement was evaluated in accordance with a previously established protocol. Sarcoidosis phenotypes were characterized by factor analysis. RESULTS: Follow-up ranged from 6 to 144 months. Four factors (phenotypes) were identified: relevant residual pulmonary fibrosis; relapse; residual airflow limitation; and acute disease. The four factors collectively accounted for 66% of the total variance. Patients with relevant residual pulmonary fibrosis were older and presented with the following: greater symptom duration; skin involvement; low forced vital capacity; low forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ratio; and more advanced radiographic stages at baseline. The relapse phenotype was associated with chronic disease, greater dyspnea severity, neurologic involvement, and cardiac involvement. Patients with residual airflow limitation more often had airflow obstruction at baseline, chronic disease, and relevant residual pulmonary fibrosis. Acute disease was associated with being younger, weight loss, scoring lower for dyspnea, and having extensive involvement. Abnormal calcium metabolism was associated with acute disease and with relapse. CONCLUSIONS: Sarcoidosis can be categorized into four different clinical phenotypes: three that are chronic; and one that is acute and self-limiting. In many cases, these phenotypes can be easily recognized.
Assuntos
Pulmão/patologia , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Sarcoidose Pulmonar/genética , Biópsia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Seguimentos , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Humanos , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sarcoidose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Sarcoidose Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Espirometria , Fatores de Tempo , Capacidade VitalRESUMO
The present study deals with the inter-relations in the relief which forms the Bacia do Alto Rio Paraguay (BAP) in mid-west Brazil. The overall aim is to discuss the relationship between relief forms and the biodiversity of the Pantanal. The BAP is a natural environmental system with contrasts in two of the compartments on which it is formed: the plateau, the most elevated compartment, highly transformed by human activities, and the plain which forms the Pantanal, which is more preserved and less transformed in relation to productive activities. The analysis was performed based on publications with a geomorphologic focus, examining the different relief units of the BAP and the dynamics of the revealing processes of landscape change which the Pantanal has undergone since the end of the Pleistocene.