RESUMO
The enrichment of meat with selenium is important to improve the intake of selenium by humans. The effects of supranutritional doses of sodium selenite or selenium-enriched yeast on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality were evaluated using 63 Nellore cattle in a completely randomized design with two sources (sodium selenite and selenium-enriched yeast), three levels (0.3, 0.9 and 2.7 mg Se/kg DM) and control treatment (without addition of selenium). Final body weight (BW), average daily gain, dry matter intake and gain to feed ratio (G : F) at the end of 84 days of supplementation were not influenced by treatments (P>0.05). Values of pH, ribeye area, back fat thickness and marbling score were also not influenced by treatments ( P>0.05). Dressing percentage was greater (P=0.02) in Nellore cattle supplemented with organic Se (58.70%) compared to animals supplemented with inorganic Se (57.94%). Hot carcass weight increased ( P=0.05) with the increasing of Se levels in the diet. Colour, shear force (SF), cooking and drip loss remained unchanged ( P>0.05); however thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was 15.51% higher with inorganic Se compared with organic Se. The selenium concentration in the meat of animals receiving organic selenium was higher ( P<0.001) than that of animals receiving sodium selenite, at all levels (0.3; 0.9 and 2.7 mg/kg DM). The meat of animals receiving 2.7 mg of organic Se/kg of DM presented concentration of 372.7 µg Se/kg in the L.dorsi muscle, and the intake of 150 g of this meat by humans provides approximately 100% of the recommended Se intake (55 µg Se/day for adults). Therefore, the use of supranutritional doses of 2.7 mg Se/kg of DM, regardless of source, is a way of naturally producing selenium-enriched meat without compromising performance, carcass characteristics and quality of Nellore bovine meat.
Assuntos
Bovinos/fisiologia , Carne/análise , Selênio/metabolismo , Selenito de Sódio/metabolismo , Fermento Seco/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Distribuição Aleatória , Selênio/administração & dosagem , Selenito de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Fermento Seco/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Ractopamine hydrochloride (RH) alters protein metabolism and improves growth performance in Bos taurus cattle with high carcass fat. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of RH, dietary CP and RH×CP interaction on performance, blood metabolites, carcass characteristics and meat quality of young Nellore bulls. A total of 48 bulls were randomly assigned to four treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. The factors were two levels of dietary CP (100% and 120% of metabolizable protein requirement, defined as CP100 and CP120, respectively), and two levels of RH (0 and 300 mg/animal·per day). Treated animal received RH for the final 35 days before slaughter. Animals were weighed at the beginning of the feedlot period (day 63), at the beginning of ractopamine supplementation (day 0), after 18 days of supplementation (day 18) and before slaughter (day 34). Animals were slaughtered and hot carcass weights recorded. After chilling, carcass data was collected and longissimus samples were obtained for determination of meat quality. The 9-11th rib section was removed for carcass composition analysis. Supplementation with RH increased ADG independently of dietary CP. There was a RH×CP interaction on dry matter intake (DMI), where RH reduced DMI at CP120, with no effect at CP100. Ractopamine improved feed efficiency, without RH×CP interaction. Ractopamine had no effect on plasma creatinine and urea concentration. Greater dietary CP tended to increase blood urea, and there was a RH×CP interaction for plasma total protein. Ractopamine supplementation increased plasma total protein at CP120, and had no effect at CP100. Ractopamine also decreased plasma glucose concentration at CP100, but had no effect at CP120. Ractopamine increased alkaline phosphatase activity at CP120 and had no effect at CP100. There was a tendency for RH to increase longissimus muscle area, independently of dietary CP. Ractopamine did not alter fat thickness; however, fat thickness was reduced by greater CP in the diet. Supplementation with RH decreased meat shear force, but only at day 0 of aging, having no effect after 7, 14 or 21 days. Greater dietary protein increased meat shear force after 0 and 7 days of aging, with no effect after 14 or 21 days. These results demonstrate for the first time the efficacy of ractopamine supplementation to improve gain and feed efficiency of intact Bos indicus males, with relatively low carcass fat content. Ractopamine effects were not further improved by increasing dietary protein content above requirements.
Assuntos
Dieta/veterinária , Carne/normas , Fenetilaminas/farmacologia , Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacologia , Animais , Nitrogênio da Ureia Sanguínea , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Bovinos , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Suplementos Nutricionais , Masculino , Necessidades Nutricionais , Fenótipo , UreiaRESUMO
Desde mediados de la década de los 80, el drenaje de los pseudoquistes de páncreas (PQP) mediante quistoenterostomía (QE) y/o drenaje transpapilar a través de un abordaje endoscópico se ha desarrollado como una alternativa al tratamiento quirúrgico. En el presente trabajo se definen las distintas modalidades de tratamiento endoscópico, así como los criterios utilizados para realizar las mismas. El drenaje endoscópico se realizó en l2 pacientes mediante quistoenterostomía y colocación de drenaje nasoquístico y prótesis enteroquística, lo cual fué complementado con esfinterotomía del CPP y de la vía biliar en la totalidad de los pacientes, con colocación de prótesis en ambos sistemas de conductos en 11 de ellos. El tratamiento se consideró exitoso en el 91,7 por ciento de los casos, al lograr la resolución del PQP en 11 pacientes. Sólo presentamos como complicación la hemorragia al ampliar el orificio de la quistostomía en dos casos (16,7 por ciento), los cuales fueron tratados mediante la inyectoterapia endoscópica con resultados satisfactorios
Assuntos
Humanos , Endoscopia/estatística & dados numéricos , Pseudocisto Pancreático/terapia , Esfinterotomia Endoscópica , Pseudocisto Pancreático/diagnósticoRESUMO
We define in this paper different modalities of endoscopic treatment as well as the criteria for this procedure. Endoscopic drainage were done through cystoenterostomy and nasocystic drainage and enterocystic prosthesis plus sphincterostomy of the principal pancreatic and biliary duct, in all patients, but only in eleven of them we implanted the prosthesis in both ducts. The complication was bleeding, in two patients (16.7%) and they were treated with endoscopic inyectotherapy.