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Abstract Introduction Septoplasty and turbinoplasty are common surgical interventions used to relieve nasal obstructive symptoms. Since it is difficult to measure the degree of nasal blockage, current literature wonders about the frequent performance of these procedures. Objective To evaluate the perceived change in the nasal obstruction and the quality of life (QoL) of patients that underwent a septoplasty along with a turbinoplasty by applying subjective scales, to describe the correlation between those scales, and to study the impact of clinical factors in the postoperative outcomes. Methods Prospective observational study. The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) were assessed. The paired sample Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate the difference between the pre- and postoperative surveys. The correlation coefficient between the subjective scales was calculated. A quantile regression was performed to evaluate the effect of surgery on the results adjusted for clinical and demographic variables. Results A total of 115 patients were interviewed. Postoperative NOSE scores were 45 points lower (95% confidence interval [CI]: - 53.53-- 35.46; p < 0.001) in comparison with the NOSE preoperative scores. Obesity was the only statistically significant factor associated with worse outcomes. Additionally, we found a high correlation between the NOSE and VAS scores and a negative correlation between the GBI and postoperative VAS scores. Conclusion Nasal septoplasty, when paired with a turbinoplasty, decreases nasal obstruction and improves QoL. Obesity was associated with worse results. There was a strong correlation between the NOSE and the VAS results and between the GBI and postoperative VAS results.

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Introduction Septoplasty and turbinoplasty are common surgical interventions used to relieve nasal obstructive symptoms. Since it is difficult to measure the degree of nasal blockage, current literature wonders about the frequent performance of these procedures. Objective To evaluate the perceived change in the nasal obstruction and the quality of life (QoL) of patients that underwent a septoplasty along with a turbinoplasty by applying subjective scales, to describe the correlation between those scales, and to study the impact of clinical factors in the postoperative outcomes. Methods Prospective observational study. The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) were assessed. The paired sample Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate the difference between the pre- and postoperative surveys. The correlation coefficient between the subjective scales was calculated. A quantile regression was performed to evaluate the effect of surgery on the results adjusted for clinical and demographic variables. Results A total of 115 patients were interviewed. Postoperative NOSE scores were 45 points lower (95% confidence interval [CI]: - 53.53-- 35.46; p < 0.001) in comparison with the NOSE preoperative scores. Obesity was the only statistically significant factor associated with worse outcomes. Additionally, we found a high correlation between the NOSE and VAS scores and a negative correlation between the GBI and postoperative VAS scores. Conclusion Nasal septoplasty, when paired with a turbinoplasty, decreases nasal obstruction and improves QoL. Obesity was associated with worse results. There was a strong correlation between the NOSE and the VAS results and between the GBI and postoperative VAS results.

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Bone implants or replacements are very scarce due to the low donor availability and the high rate of body rejection. For this reason, tissue engineering strategies have been developed as alternative solutions to this problem. This research sought to create a cellular scaffold with an intricate and complex network of interconnected pores and microchannels using salt leaching and additive manufacturing (3D printing) methods that mimic the hierarchical internal structure of the bone. A biocompatible hydrogel film (based on poly-ethylene glycol) was used to cover the surface of different polymeric scaffolds. This thin film was then exposed to various stimuli to spontaneously form wrinkled micropatterns, with the aim of increasing the contact area and the material's biocompatibility. The main innovation of this study was to include these wrinkled micropatterns on the surface of the scaffold by taking advantage of thin polymer film surface instabilities. On the other hand, salt and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) particles were included in the polymeric matrix to create a modified filament for 3D printing. The printed part was leached to eliminate porogen particles, leaving homogenously distributed pores on the structure. The pores have a mean size of 26.4 ± 9.9 µm, resulting in a global scaffold porosity of ~42% (including pores and microchannels). The presence of nHA particles, which display a homogeneous distribution according to the FE-SEM and EDX results, have a slight influence on the mechanical resistance of the material, but incredibly, despite being a bioactive compound for bone cells, did not show a significant increase in cell viability on the scaffold surface. However, the synergistic effect between the presence of the hydrogel and the pores on the material does produce an increase in cell viability compared to the control sample and the bare PCL material.

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Introducción: las alteraciones otorrinolaringológicas en pacientes con COVID-19 tienen particular importancia a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, todavía no hay consenso en la literatura acerca de la epidemiología, la gravedad y el tiempo de recuperación de estos trastornos. Objetivo: este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la asociación entre los síntomas otorrinolaringológicos y la positividad del SARS-CoV-2 confirmada mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de transcripción inversa (RT-PCR), así como la gravedad, duración y recuperación de estos síntomas en pacientes de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, un hospital de referencia de COVID-19 en Bogotá, Colombia. Métodos: estudio observacional, prospectivo, tipo casos y controles, realizado entre el 9 de octubre de 2020 y el 14 de enero de 2021. Los casos incluyeron adultos que obtuvieron una prueba positiva para el SARS-CoV-2 mediante RT-PCR. Los casos se emparejaron en una proporción de 2:1 con adultos sintomáticos seleccionados al azar con una prueba negativa, o con pacientes prequirúrgicos. Resultados: se incluyeron 130 casos y 253 controles entre los 10.004 pacientes sometidos a la prueba del SARS-CoV-2. La edad media era de 41,8 años (desviación estándar [DE]: 16,3). Los síntomas otorrinolaringológicos asociados a la positividad al SARS-CoV-2 fueron anosmia/hiposmia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5,82; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 %: 1,92-17,68), disgeusia/hipogeusia (aOR: 9,09; IC del 95 %: 2,86-28,92) y tos seca (aOR: 3,18; IC del 95 %: 1,56-6,48). La duración media de la anosmia/hiposmia y de la disgeusia/hipogeusia en los pacientes con SARS-CoV-2 positivos fue de 14,5 días y 15 días (rango intercuartílico [IQR]: 8-27), respectivamente. Hasta el 70,3 % y el 67,5 % de la población informó de una recuperación completa de la anosmia/hiposmia y la disgeusia/hipogeusia. En cuanto a la gravedad de los síntomas de anosmia/hiposmia y disgeusia/hipogeusia, el 62,1 % y el 65,4 % de la población positiva para SARS-CoV-2 los clasificó como graves. Sin embargo, solo el 6,1 % de ellos recibió tratamiento para estos síntomas. Conclusiones: los síntomas otorrinolaringológicos asociados con la positividad para SARS-CoV-2 son útiles para orientar el diagnóstico, pero establecer sus características clínicas también es esencial para un tratamiento adecuado.

Introduction: Otolaryngological disorders in COVID-19 patients have drawn attention worldwide. However, there is still no consensus regarding the prevalence, severity or recovery of these disorders. This study aimed to assess the association between otolaryngological symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 positivity confirmed by RT-PCR, as well as the severity, duration, and recovery of these symptoms in patients receiving care at Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, a COVID-19 referral hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: Observational, analytic, prospective, case-control study conducted between October 9, 2020, and January 14, 2021. Cases included adults who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cases were matched in a 2:1 ratio with randomly selected symptomatic adults with a negative test, or patients awaiting surgery. Results: Of 10004 patients tested for SARS-CoV-2, 130 cases and 253 controls were included. The mean age was 41.8 years (standard deviation [SD]: 16.3). The otolaryngological symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity were anosmia/hyposmia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.82; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.92-17.68), dysgeusia/ hypogeusia (aOR: 9.09; 95% CI: 2.86-28.92), and dry cough (aOR: 3.18; 95% CI: 1.56-6.48). The median duration of anosmia/hyposmia and dysgeusia/hypogeusia in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients was 14.5 days and 15 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 8-27), respectively. Up to 70.3% and 67.5% of the population reported a complete recovery of anosmia/hyposmia and dysgeusia/hypogeusia. Regarding the severity of anosmia/hyposmia and dysgeusia/hypogeusia symptoms, 62.1% and 65.4% of the SARS-CoV-2 positive population classified them as severe. However, only 6.1% of them received treatment for these symptoms. Conclusions: Otolaryngological symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity are a useful guide to diagnosis, although adequate treatment also requires determination of their clinical characteristics.

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BACKGROUND: Assessment of nasal obstruction is imprecise due to a low correlation between findings on the physical examination and objective measures with the severity of symptoms reported by the patient even after septoplasty with turbinoplasty is performed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of subjective scales, and the correlation between them for the evaluation of nasal obstruction after surgery. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of undergoing septoplasty with turbinoplasty to relieve nasal obstructive symptoms and the quality of life in a mid-term period by using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), and Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI). METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted of patients who underwent a septoplasty with turbinoplasty due to nasal septodeviation and secondary nasal obstructive symptoms at the Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. Three scales were used to measure the outcomes one year after surgery: VAS (0-10), NOSE (0-100), and GBI (-100 to 100). RESULTS: Data from 56 patients (21 females, mean age 37.5 years of age, SD 12.13) was collected. The results showed that 75% of the patients had a post-surgical NOSE score below 50 and a VAS score below 6. Regarding the GBI scale, 75% of the patients improved in their quality of life. An inverse proportional correlation was found between the NOSE and GBI scales (rho = -0.3682) (95% CI -0.579 to -0.111), and there was a directly proportional correlation between the NOSE and VAS scales (rho = 0.7440) (95% CI 0.595 to 0.844). CONCLUSION: Subjective measures suggest there was an improvement in nasal obstructive symptoms and quality of life after surgery. Non-anatomical causes such as rhinitis can be confounding factors to consider in subsequent studies. VAS stands out as a possible interchangeable scale with NOSE to measure nasal obstruction in these patients.

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The large and increasing burden of stroke in Latin American countries, and the need to meet the UN and WHO requirements for reducing the burden from non-communicable disorders (including stroke), brought together stroke experts and representatives of the Ministries of Health of 13 Latin American countries for the 1st Latin American Stroke Ministerial meeting in Gramado, Brazil, to discuss the problem and identify ways of cooperating to reduce the burden of stroke in the region. Discussions were focused on the regional and country-specific activities associated with stroke prevention and treatment, including public stroke awareness, prevention strategies, delivery and organisation of care, clinical practice gaps, and unmet needs. The meeting culminated with the adoption of the special Gramado Declaration, signed by all Ministerial officials who attended the meeting. With agreed priorities for stroke prevention, treatment, and research, an opportunity now exists to translate this Declaration into an action plan to reduce the burden of stroke.

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Como respuesta a la demanda por el recurso hídrico surge el indicador ecológico "Huella Hídrica", el cual se mide en términos del agua consumida y/o contaminada por litros de agua/kg/cosecha. La Huella Hídrica ayuda a optimizar el uso del recurso hídrico al disminuir recambios de agua, incrementar densidades de siembra, emplear sistemas cerrados con recirculación y/o tecnologías de aguas verdes. Para el cálculo de Huella Hídrica en estanques piscícolas del Piedemonte Llanero se caracterizó la climatología, meteorología y régimen hidrológico en el municipio de Restrepo-Meta-Colombia. Fueron realizados cálculos de evapotranspiración potencial, así como de la precipitación efectiva. También se consideró el volumen necesario para la asimilación de los contaminantes por los cuerpos de agua y el agua virtual para la elaboración del concentrado. Para el cultivo de cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus) se calculó una Huella Hídrica de 3848.5 L de agua/kg/cosecha, valor inferior a lo reportado para otros cultivos de peces e, inclusive, para otras actividades agropecuarias. También se encontró que la Huella Hídrica Indirecta (2913,3 L/kg) es la que más aporta para el valor total de Huella Hídrica. Esto demuestra la diferencia del consumo de agua en la producción de cachama aproximándola a un sistema de producción sostenible.

In response for the demand of water resources, the ecological indicator "water footprint" emerges which is measured in terms of the water consumed and/or contaminated per liters of water/kg/crop. The Water Footprint helps to optimize the use of water resources by reducing water changes, increasing planting densities, using closed systems with recirculation and/or green water technologies. For the calculation of water footprint in fish ponds of the Piedemonte Llanero, the climatology, meteorology and hydrological regime in the Municipality of Restrepo, Meta, Colombia were characterized. Calculations of potential evapotranspiration, as well as effective precipitation were carried out. The volume required for the assimilation of pollutants by water bodies and virtual water for the preparation of the concentrate was also considered. A water footprint of 3848.5 L water/kg/crop was calculated for the cultivation of white cachama (Piaractus brachypomus), a value lower than that reported for other fish cultures and even for other agricultural activities. It was also found that the Indirect Water Footprint (2913.3 L/kg) is the one that contributes the most to the total value of the Water Footprint. This demonstrates the difference in water consumption in the production of cachama, bringing it closer to a sustainable production system.

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Entre las causales de muerte por cáncer en la República de Panamá, el cáncer deestómago ocupa el primer lugar, constituyéndose en un problema serio de Salud Pública, parael país como un todo.Si las primeras causales de muerte en la población panameña son los cánceres, delcual el cáncer de estómago es la primera causa de muerte entre todos los cánceres a nivel depoblación, y el principal agente causal del cáncer de estómago es el Helicobacter Pylori,entonces estamos fallando en Panamá en los controles de higiene, en el Sistema de SaludPública, en lo referente al control de esta enfermedades infecciosas, relacionada con lacalidad e higiene de los alimentos, razón por la cual hay que poner atención. Es decir, estamosfallando en las prioridades de salud ambiental donde los determinantes básicos son: lacalidad del agua, el aire y la tierra. Determinantes estos que son indicadores de la higiene ysalud de los alimentos que se producen, preparan y preservan como fuente de alimentos parala población panameña, y visitantes.Si las investigaciones nos están demostrando que el principal factor que induce elcáncer de estómago es el Helicobacter Pylori, hemos fallado en lo referente a la primerafunción en Salud Pública, que es la educación en salud de la población en riesgo y elMinisterio de Salud está fallando en preservar la salud del ambiente donde los individuos, lasfamilias y las comunidades viven, estudian, trabajan, participan en actividades sociales yespecialmente en lugares donde los alimentos son: sembrados, producidos, empacados,distribuidos, vendidos, preparados para comer y consumir con probable calidad dudosa yfalta de seguridad alimentaria, lo cual afecta la salud de la población.

Between the cause of mortality in the Republic of Panama, stomach cancer, is in thefirsts position, and it represent a serious Public Health problem for the nation as a whole.Being cancer, the first causes of mortality in the Panamanian population and from allthe cancers, research had shown over time, that stomach cancer, is the first cause of deathat population level, if research are showing also that stomach cancer have the highestincidence of diagnostic procedure shown to be due to Helicobacter Pylori, means thatattention has to be center in environmental health and it determinants of health specificallythe quality of water, air, and soil use to produce, prepare and preserve food, as the source offood for the Panamanian population and visitors.The national statistics of Panama had also shown that one of the principal factor thatinduce stomach cancer is the Helicobacter Pylori, them we are failing in the Public Healthsystems, with regard to teach hygine and learn to identify the risk factors and the Ministryof Health is failing also in preserving the health of the environment were the individuals,family and community leave, study, work, participate in social activities and specially placeswere food is grow, produce, pack, distributed, sell, prepared to be consume in unhealthyenvironments, with lack of food safety for the population .One of the main problems are the working hours of the Public Health workers thatleave the population unprotected from 5:00 pm to 7:00 am hours that the population is at riskand more during night, that there is a lot of people and families that eat in unsave restaurants,due that Public Health workers in day time hours only, living the population unsafe atnational level, du to food sell in clandestine ways during night hours.

Entre as causas de morte por câncer na República do Panamá, o câncer de estômagoocupa o primeiro lugar, constituindo um grave problema de saúde pública para o país.Se a primeira causa de morte na população panamenha é o câncer, do qual o câncerde estômago é a principal causa de morte entre todos os tipos de câncer, no nível dapopulação, e o principal agente causador do câncer de estômago é Helicobacter pylori, entãoestamos falhando no Panamá nos controles de higiene, no Sistema de Saúde Pública, emrelação ao controle dessas doenças infecciosas, relacionadas à qualidade e higiene dosalimentos, e é por isso que devemos prestar mais atenção.Ou seja, estamos falhando em prioridades de saúde ambiental onde osdeterminantes básicos são: a qualidade da água, do ar e da terra. Determinantes que sãoindicadores de higiene e saúde dos alimentos produzidos, preparados e preservados paraconsumo pela população panamenha e visitantes.Se a pesquisa está nos mostrando que o principal fator que induz o câncer deestômago é Helicobacter pylori, falhamos em relação à primeira função em Saúde Pública,que é a educação em saúde da população em risco e o Ministério da Saúde É incapaz depreservar a saúde do ambiente onde vivem pessoas, famílias e comunidades, estudar,trabalhar, participar de atividades sociais e especialmente em locais onde a alimentação éplantada, produzida, embalada, distribuída, vendida, preparada para comer e consumir comprovável qualidade duvidosa e falta de segurança alimentar, o que afeta a saúde da população.

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Background and Aims: Paper mulberry or Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent. (Moraceae) is a dioecious species native to continental South-east Asia and East Asia, including Taiwan, that was introduced to the Pacific by pre-historic voyagers and transported intentionally and propagated asexually across the full range of Austronesian expansion from Taiwan to East Polynesia. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the dispersal of paper mulberry into Oceania through the genetic analysis of herbaria samples which represent a more complete coverage of the historical geographical range of the species in the Pacific before later introductions and local extinctions occurred. Methods: DNA from 47 herbarium specimens of B. papyrifera collected from 1882 to 2006 from different islands of the Pacific was obtained under ancient DNA protocols. Genetic characterization was based on the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer ITS-1 sequence, a sex marker, the chloroplast ndhF-rpl32 intergenic spacer and a set of ten microsatellites developed for B. papyrifera. Key Results: Microsatellites allowed detection of 15 genotypes in Near and Remote Oceanian samples, in spite of the vegetative propagation of B. papyrifera in the Pacific. These genotypes are structured in two groups separating West and East Polynesia, and place Pitcairn in a pivotal position. We also detected the presence of male plants that carry the Polynesian chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) haplotype, in contrast to findings in contemporary B. papyrifera populations where only female plants bear the Polynesian cpDNA haplotype. Conclusions: For the first time, genetic diversity was detected among paper mulberry accessions from Remote Oceania. A clear separation between West and East Polynesia was found that may be indicative of pulses during its dispersal history. The pattern linking the genotypes within Remote Oceania reflects the importance of central Polynesia as a dispersal hub, in agreement with archaeological evidence.

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