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During ripening, 'Hass' avocado skin changes from green to purple/black. Low-temperature storage with a controlled atmosphere (CA) is the most widely used method for avocado storage; however, few studies have simulated this technology and considered the days of regular air (RA) storage prior to CA storage. Herein, the effect of delaying the storage of 'Hass' avocado (>30% dry matter) in a CA was examined. Long-term storage conditions (5 °C for 50 days) corresponded to (i) regular air storage (RA), (ii) CA (4 kPa O2 and 6 kPa CO2) and (iii) 10 days in RA + 40 days in a CA and (iv) 20 days in RA + 30 days in a CA. Evaluations were performed during storage and at the ready-to-eat (RTE) stage. Skin color remained unchanged during storage, but at the RTE stage, more color development was observed for fruits stored under CA conditions, as these fruits were purple/black (>50%). At the RTE stage, the anthocyanin content increased, and compared to fruit under RA, fruit under a CA contained a five-fold greater content. A 20-day delay between harvest and CA storage increased the fruit softening rate and skin color development after cold storage, reducing the effectiveness of CA as a postharvest technology for extending storage life.

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BACKGROUND: This study focuses on the conceptualization and graphical characterization of Exclusive Breastfeeding Support Networks (EBSN) in Mexico. METHODS: Through a sample design stratified by federal entity with state significance at 95%, a questionnaire was administered online via Microsoft Forms to a representative sample of 2989 women whose primiparity occurred in Mexico. The questionnaire primarily focused on sociodemographic data of the mothers and the structure of their EBSNs during primiparity. RESULTS: In this work, EBSNs are defined as networks mainly composed of women, whose function is to share knowledge and experiences about breastfeeding, as well as to provide emotional and physical support to breastfeeding mothers, contributing to strengthening the emotional and caregiving bonds between mothers and their newborns. CONCLUSIONS: Sankey diagrams were employed for the characterization of EBSNs, revealing that the mother of the primipara is generally the main node, resulting in a network with greater flow and reach. Conversely, when the first node is not related to the primipara, the networks tend to be smaller and with less flow.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Este estudio se centra en la conceptualización y la caracterización gráfica de las Redes de Apoyo a la Lactancia Materna Exclusiva (RALME) en México. MÉTODOS: Mediante un diseño muestral estratificado por entidad federativa con significancia estatal al 95%, se aplicó un cuestionario en línea, a través de Microsoft Forms, a una muestra representativa de 2989 mujeres cuya primiparidad fue en México. El cuestionario se enfocó principalmente en datos sociodemográficos de las madres y en la estructura de sus RALME durante la primiparidad. RESULTADOS: En este trabajo se definen las RALME como redes compuestas mayormente por mujeres, cuya función es compartir conocimientos y experiencias sobre la lactancia, así como ofrecer apoyo emocional y físico a madres lactantes, contribuyendo a fortalecer los lazos afectivos y de cuidado entre las madres y sus recién nacidos. CONCLUSIONES: Para la caracterización de las RALME se utilizó el diagrama de Sankey, revelando que la madre de la primípara es generalmente el nodo principal, lo que resulta en una red con mayor flujo y alcance. Por el contrario, cuando el primer nodo no tiene parentesco con la primípara, las redes tienden a ser más reducidas y con menor flujo.

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The ubiquity of nanoparticles, sourced from both natural environments and human activities, presents critical challenges for public health. While offering significant potential for innovative biomedical applications-especially in enhancing drug transport across the blood-brain barrier-these particles also introduce possible hazards due to inadvertent exposure. This concise review explores the paradoxical nature of nanoparticles, emphasizing their promising applications in healthcare juxtaposed with their potential neurotoxic consequences. Through a detailed examination, we delineate the pathways through which nanoparticles can reach the brain and the subsequent health implications. There is growing evidence of a disturbing association between nanoparticle exposure and the onset of neurodegenerative conditions, highlighting the imperative for comprehensive research and strategic interventions. Gaining a deep understanding of these mechanisms and enacting protective policies are crucial steps toward reducing the health threats of nanoparticles, thereby maximizing their therapeutic advantages.

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Resumen Introducción: Este estudio se centra en la conceptualización y la caracterización gráfica de las Redes de Apoyo a la Lactancia Materna Exclusiva (RALME) en México. Métodos: Mediante un diseño muestral estratificado por entidad federativa con significancia estatal al 95%, se aplicó un cuestionario en línea, a través de Microsoft Forms, a una muestra representativa de 2989 mujeres cuya primiparidad fue en México. El cuestionario se enfocó principalmente en datos sociodemográficos de las madres y en la estructura de sus RALME durante la primiparidad. Resultados: En este trabajo se definen las RALME como redes compuestas mayormente por mujeres, cuya función es compartir conocimientos y experiencias sobre la lactancia, así como ofrecer apoyo emocional y físico a madres lactantes, contribuyendo a fortalecer los lazos afectivos y de cuidado entre las madres y sus recién nacidos. Conclusiones: Para la caracterización de las RALME se utilizó el diagrama de Sankey, revelando que la madre de la primípara es generalmente el nodo principal, lo que resulta en una red con mayor flujo y alcance. Por el contrario, cuando el primer nodo no tiene parentesco con la primípara, las redes tienden a ser más reducidas y con menor flujo.

Abstract Background: This study focuses on the conceptualization and graphical characterization of Exclusive Breastfeeding Support Networks (EBSN) in Mexico. Methods: Through a sample design stratified by federal entity with state significance at 95%, a questionnaire was administered online via Microsoft Forms to a representative sample of 2989 women whose primiparity occurred in Mexico. The questionnaire primarily focused on sociodemographic data of the mothers and the structure of their EBSNs during primiparity. Results: In this work, EBSNs are defined as networks mainly composed of women, whose function is to share knowledge and experiences about breastfeeding, as well as to provide emotional and physical support to breastfeeding mothers, contributing to strengthening the emotional and caregiving bonds between mothers and their newborns. Conclusions: Sankey diagrams were employed for the characterization of EBSNs, revealing that the mother of the primipara is generally the main node, resulting in a network with greater flow and reach. Conversely, when the first node is not related to the primipara, the networks tend to be smaller and with less flow.

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) often triggers physiological processes aimed at restoring renal function and architecture. However, this response can become maladaptive, leading to nephron loss and fibrosis. Although the therapeutic effects of resveratrol (RSV) are well established, its impact after AKI and for subsequent chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. This study assessed whether transient administration of RSV following ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) could prevent the progression to CKD. Forty-one male Wistar rats were assigned randomly to sham surgery, bilateral renal ischaemia for 30 min (IR) or IR+RSV. The RSV treatment commenced 24 h after IRI and continued for 10 days. The rats were studied for either 10 days or 5 months, after which kidney function and structure were evaluated. Mitochondrial homeostasis, oxidant defence and renal inflammation state were also evaluated. Despite having the same severity of AKI, rats receiving RSV for 10 days after IRI exhibited significant improvement in kidney histological injury and reduced inflammation, although renal haemodynamic recovery was less pronounced. Resveratrol effectively prevented the elevation of tubular injury-related molecules and profibrotic signalling with reduced myofibroblast proliferation. Furthermore, RSV substantially improved the antioxidant response and mitochondrial homeostasis. After 5 months, RSV prevented the transition to CKD, as evidenced by the prevention of progressive proteinuria, renal dysfunction and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. This study demonstrates that a brief treatment with RSV following IRI is enough to prevent maladaptive repair and the development of CKD. Our findings highlight the importance of the early days of reperfusion, indicating that maladaptive responses can be reduced effectively following severe AKI. KEY POINTS: Physiological processes activated after acute kidney injury (AKI) can lead to maladaptive responses, causing nephron loss and fibrosis. Prophylactic renoprotection with resveratrol (RSV) has been described in experimental AKI, but its impact after AKI and for subsequent chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. In this study, we found that histological tubular injury persists 10 days after ischaemia-reperfusion injury and contributes to a failed repair phenotype in proximal tubular cells. Short-term RSV intervention influenced the post-ischaemic repair response and accelerated tubular recovery by reducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Furthermore, RSV targeted inflammation and profibrotic signalling during the maladaptive response, normalizing both processes. Resveratrol effectively prevented AKI-to-CKD transition even 5 months after the intervention. The study serves as a proof of concept, proposing RSV as a valuable candidate for further translational clinical studies to mitigate AKI-to-CKD transition.

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Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, dapagliflozin (Dapa), exhibited nephroprotective effects in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We assessed the efficacy of short-term Dapa administration following acute kidney injury (AKI) in preventing CKD. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to Sham surgery, bilateral ischemia for 30 minutes (abbreviated as IR), and IR + Dapa groups. Daily treatment with Dapa was initiated just 24 hours after IR and maintained for only 10 days. Initially, rats were euthanized at this point to study early renal repair. After severe AKI, Dapa promptly restored creatinine clearance (CrCl) and significantly reduced renal vascular resistance compared with the IR group. Furthermore, Dapa effectively reversed the mitochondrial abnormalities, including increased fission, altered mitophagy, metabolic dysfunction, and proapoptotic signaling. To study this earlier, another set of rats was studied just 5 days after AKI. Despite persistent renal dysfunction, our data reveal a degree of mitochondrial protection. Remarkably, a 10-day treatment with Dapa demonstrated effectiveness in preventing CKD transition in an independent cohort monitored for 5 months after AKI. This was evidenced by improvements in proteinuria, CrCl, glomerulosclerosis, and fibrosis. Our findings underscore the potential of Dapa in preventing maladaptive repair following AKI, emphasizing the crucial role of early intervention in mitigating AKI long-term consequences.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of ChatGPT on academic tasks performed by undergraduate dental students. METHOD: Fifty-five participants completed scientific writing assignments. First, ChatGPT was utilized; subsequently, a conventional method involving the search of scientific articles was employed. Each task was preceded by a 30-min training session. The assignments were reviewed by professors, and an anonymous questionnaire was administered to the students regarding the usefulness of ChatGPT. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: Final scores and scores for the criteria of utilization of evidence, evaluation of arguments, and generation of alternatives achieved higher values through the traditional method than with ChatGPT (p = 0.019, 0.042, 0.017, and <0.001, respectively). No differences were found between the two methods for the remaining criteria (p > 0.05). A total of 64.29% of the students found ChatGPT useful, 33.33% found it very useful, and 3.38% not very useful. Regarding its application in further academic activities, 54.76% considered it useful, 40.48% found it very useful, and 4.76% not very useful. A total of 61.90% of the participants indicated that ChatGPT contributed to over 25% of their productivity, while 11.9% perceived it contributed to less than 15%. Concerning the relevance of having known ChatGPT for academic tasks, 50% found it opportune, 45.24% found it very opportune, 2.38% were unsure, and the same percentage thought it is inopportune. All students provided positive feedback. CONCLUSION: Dental students highly valued the experience of using ChatGPT for academic tasks. Nonetheless, the traditional method of searching for scientific articles yield higher scores.

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RESUMEN Las estrategias para comunicar la información han experimentado muchos cambios, los cuales se han evidenciado en la pandemia. La idea es lograr que se pueda conectar con el estudiante y que la información la reciba de manera clara, oportuna y pertinente, de modo que tendrá los saberes previos para lograr integrar la información de la teoría y la práctica, con el fin de enfrentar con éxito la actividad simulada, así como cuando interactúe con el paciente. En ese contexto, el aula invertida es una estrategia didáctica que brinda videos, podcast, entre otros, para que sean revisados con anticipación, de tal forma que cuando el estudiante realice la actividad presencial o virtual se profundice y se hagan precisiones sobre los conceptos más importantes, usando metodologías activas de participación para lograr el siguiente propósito: El aprendizaje invertido busca un cambio en la dinámica del aprendizaje que apunte como eje del mismo al estudiante. El objetivo de la presente contribución docente es compartir las bondades de esta estrategia usada en estudiantes de la carrera de Odontología dentro del marco del curso de Clínica Estomatológica del Adulto I, dictado en 2023 y que pertenece al quinto ciclo de la carrera de Estomatología en la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia.

ABSTRACT Strategies for communicating information have undergone many changes, which have been evidenced in the pandemic. The idea is to be able to connect with the student and that the information is received in a clear, timely and relevant manner, so that he/she will have the prior knowledge to integrate information from theory and practice, in order to successfully face the simulated activity, as well as when interacting with the patient. In this context, the inverted classroom is a didactic strategy that provides videos, podcasts, among others, to be reviewed in advance, so that when the student performs the face-to-face or virtual activity, the most important concepts are deepened and clarified, using active participation methodologies to achieve the following objective: flipped learning seeks a change in the dynamics of learning that points to the student as its axis. The objective of this teaching contribution is to share the benefits of this strategy used with students of the Dentistry degree program within the framework of the Adult Stomatology Clinic I course, taught in 2023 and which belongs to the fifth semester of the Stomatology degree program at the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia.

RESUMO As estratégias de comunicação de informação sofreram muitas alterações, que são evidentes na pandemia. A ideia é conseguir conectar-se com o aluno e que a informação seja recebida de forma clara, oportuna e relevante, para que ele tenha o conhecimento prévio para poder integrar informações da teoria e da prática, a fim de enfrentar com sucesso a atividade simulada, bem como ao interagir com o paciente. Neste contexto, a sala de aula invertida é uma estratégia didática que disponibiliza vídeos, podcasts, entre outros, para serem revistos previamente, de modo a que, quando o aluno realiza a atividade presencial ou virtual, os conceitos mais importantes sejam aprofundados e clarificados, utilizando metodologias de participação ativa para atingir o seguinte objetivo: A aprendizagem investida procura uma mudança na dinâmica da aprendizagem que aponta para o aluno como eixo da mesma. O objetivo desta contribuição didática é partilhar os benefícios desta estratégia utilizada com os alunos da disciplina de Medicina Dentária no âmbito do curso de Clínica de Estomatologia de Adultos I, ministrada em 2023 e que pertence ao quinto semestre da disciplina de Estomatologia da Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia.

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The toxicological impact of airborne polluting ultrafine particles (UFPs, also classified as nanoparticles with average sizes of less than 100 nm) is an emerging area of research pursuing a better understanding of the health hazards they pose to humans and other organisms. Hemolytic activity is a toxicity parameter that can be assessed quickly and easily to establish part of a nanoparticle's behavior once it reaches our circulatory system. However, it is exceedingly difficult to determine to what extent each of the nanoparticles present in the air is responsible for the detrimental effects exhibited. At the same time, current hemolytic assessment methodologies pose a series of limitations for the interpretation of results. An alternative is to synthesize nanoparticles that model selected typical types of UFPs in air pollution and evaluate their individual contributions to adverse health effects under a clinical assay of osmotic fragility. Here, we discuss evidence pointing out that the absence of hemolysis is not always a synonym for safety; exposure to model nanopollutants, even at low concentrations, is enough to increase erythrocyte susceptibility and dysfunction. A modified osmotic fragility assay in combination with a morphological inspection of the nanopollutant-erythrocyte interaction allows a richer interpretation of the exposure outcomes. Membrane-nanoparticle interplay has a leading role in the vulnerability observed. Therefore, future research in this line of work should pay special attention to the evaluation of the mechanisms that cause membrane damage.