RESUMO
The allostatic load (AL) index constitutes a useful tool to objectively assess the biological aspects of chronic stress in clinical practice. AL index has been positively correlated with cumulative chronic stress (physical and psychosocial stressors) and with a high risk to develop pathological conditions (e.g., metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular pathology, inflammatory disorders) and the so-called stress-related psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depressive disorders. Chronic stress has negative effects on brain neuroplasticity, especially on hippocampal neurogenesis and these effects may be reversed by antidepressant treatments. Several evidences indicate that non-pharmacological interventions based on physical activity and yoga practice may add synergizing benefits to classical treatments (antidepressant and benzodiazepines) for depression and anxiety, reducing the negative effects of chronic stress. The aim of this review is to provide a general overview of current knowledge on AL and chronic stress in relation to depression and anxiety, physical activity and yoga practice.
RESUMO
En un grupo de 46 niños y adolescentes (5-14 años de edad) con trastornos del espectro autista, consumo elevado de harinas y azucares en su dieta y antecedentes de consumo de antibióticos frecuentes, se analizan muestras de saliva, orina y materia fecal (n=15). Comparados con muestras de un grupo normal (n=10), se detectan variaciones significativas en el pH salival, tiempo de recuperación del pH, viscosidad, flujo, y valores elevados de IgA e IgG en saliva. En orina predomina la proteinuria y la acidez, en la materia fecal no se hallaron parásitos ni C albicans. Estos cambios pueden responder a fenómenos alérgicos y alteraciones de la permeabilidad intestinal aspectos que deben ser investigados luego, pero los resultados muestran variantes significativas que permitirán elegir los sujetos preferentes para futuras investigaciones y/o generar la sospecha para la derivación temprana de pacientes sin diagnóstico y con síntomas mínimos (AU)
Samples of saliva, urine and fecal (n=15) was analyzed in a group of 46 children and teenagers (5-14 years old) with autism spectrum disorders, high consumption of flour and sugar with diet, and a history of frequent antibiotic consumption. Compared to a group of normal children (n=10), significant variations in saliva composition as pH, time to pH recovery, viscosity, flux and IgA and IgG concentration were observed, proteinuria and acidity findings predominate in the urinalysis, and the absence of parasites and C Albicans were notices at the fecal samples. These changes can respond to immune-allergic and intestinal permeability conditions, aspects that should be further investigated. Patients with these findings can be preferentially select for future studies and/ or generate suspects in undiagnosed individuals with minimal symptoms that can be early derive to proper treatment (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Saliva/química , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Argentina , Bioquímica , Estudos Prospectivos , Assistência Odontológica para Crianças , Unidade Hospitalar de OdontologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The allostatic load model explains the additive effects of multiple biological processes that accelerate pathophysiology related to stress, particularly in the central nervous system. Stress-related mental conditions such as anxiety disorders and neuroticism (a well-known stress vulnerability factor), have been linked to disturbances of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal with cognitive implications. Nevertheless, there are controversial results in the literature and there is a need to determine the impact of the psychopharmacological treatment on allostatic load parameters and in cognitive functions. Gador study of Estres Modulation by Alprazolam, aims to determine the impact of medication on neurobiochemical variables related to chronic stress, metabolic syndrome, neurocognition and quality of life in patients with anxiety, allostatic load and neuroticism. METHODS/ANALYSIS: In this observational prospective phase IV study, highly sympthomatic patients with anxiety disorders (six or more points in the Hamilton-A scale), neuroticism (more than 18 points in the Neo five personality factor inventory (NEO-FFI) scale), an allostatic load (three positive clinical or biochemical items at Crimmins and Seeman criteria) will be included. Clinical variables of anxiety, neuroticism, allostatic load, neurobiochemical studies, neurocognition and quality of life will be determined prior and periodically (1, 2, 4, 8, and 12â weeks) after treatment (on demand of alprazolam from 0.75â mg/day to 3.0â mg/day). A sample of n=55/182 patients will be considered enough to detect variables higher than 25% (pretreatment vs post-treatment or significant correlations) with a 1-ß power of 0-80. t Test and/or non-parametric test, and Pearson's test for correlation analysis will be determined. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study protocol was approved by an Independent Ethics Committee of FEFyM (Foundation for Pharmacological Studies and Drugs, Buenos Aires) and by regulatory authorities of Argentina (ANMAT, Dossier # 61â 409-8 of 20 April 2009), following the law of Habeas Data and psychotherapeutic drug control. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: GEMA 20811.
Assuntos
Alprazolam/administração & dosagem , Ansiolíticos/administração & dosagem , Transtornos de Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Estresse Psicológico/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Alostase , Alprazolam/efeitos adversos , Argentina , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neuroticismo , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The bioequivalence and upper digestive tract transit time of a drinkable solution of 70 mg/100 mL alendronate was compared to reference tablets. A randomized, single- dose, two-way crossover study of the rate of urinary recovery of alendronate during 36 h (AE((0-36 h))) by HPLC, in 104 healthy young male volunteers, showed that AE((0-36 h)) and the maximum excretion rate (R (max)) were within the accepted range of bioequivalence 81.8-105.7 and 81.7-106.2, respectively. To characterize the oesophageal passage time of the two alendronate formulations, we performed a randomized, controlled study, in 24 healthy men and women (mean 52 years old), who took the formulations standing or lying down, by an X-ray video deglutition system. When taken in the standing position, both formulations had equal mean transit times from mouth to stomach and tablet disintegration but data dispersion was significantly smaller with the liquid form. When taken in lying position, drinkable alendronate had shorter and less variable median transit times compared to the tablets. These results show that the drinkable alendronate formulation is bioequivalent to the tablets and may be advantageous in patients in whom the transit or disintegration of the tablets is impaired.