RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease is characterised by the presence of motor symptoms including hypomimia, and by non-motor symptoms including alterations in facial recognition of basic emotions. Few studies have investigated this alteration and its relationship to the severity of hypomimia. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to study the relationship between hypomimia and the facial recognition of basic emotions in subjects with Parkinson's disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients and 29 controls were evaluated with the test battery for basic emotion facial recognition. The patients were divided into two subgroups according to the intensity of their hypomimia. RESULTS: The comparison in battery test performance between the minimal/mild hypomimia and moderate/severe hypomimia groups was statistically significant in favour of the former group. CONCLUSIONS: This finding shows a close relationship between expression and facial recognition of emotions, which could be explained through the mechanism of motor simulation.
TITLE: Relación entre la gravedad de la hipomimia y el reconocimiento de emociones básicas en la enfermedad de Parkinson.Introducción. La enfermedad de Parkinson se caracteriza por la presencia de síntomas motores, entre los que es significativa la presencia de hipomimia, y por síntomas no motores, en los que se destaca la alteración en el reconocimiento facial de emociones básicas. Son pocos los estudios que investiguen dicha alteración relacionada con la gravedad de la hipomimia. Objetivo. El objetivo es estudiar la relación entre la hipomimia y el reconocimiento facial de emociones básicas en sujetos con enfermedad de Parkinson. Sujetos y métodos. Se evaluó a 23 pacientes y 29 controles con la batería de reconocimiento facial de emociones básicas. El grupo de pacientes se dividió en dos subgrupos según la intensidad de la hipomimia. Resultados. La comparación en el rendimiento de las pruebas de la batería entre el grupo de hipomimia mínima/leve e hipomimia moderada/grave resultó estadísticamente significativa a favor del primer grupo. Conclusiones. Este hallazgo evidencia una estrecha relación entre la expresión y el reconocimiento facial de emociones, que podría explicarse a través del mecanismo de simulación motora.
Assuntos
Emoções , Reconhecimento Facial , Doença de Parkinson , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Humanos , Doença de Parkinson/psicologia , Doença de Parkinson/complicações , Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Reconhecimento Facial/fisiologia , Expressão FacialRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Small contracted bladder remains a challenge in clinical urological practice and treatment options are not always effective. Urothelium sparing surgical techniques represent a reasonable therapeutical option. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a rabbit model (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in the teaching and training setting for laparoscopic vesical autoaugmentation. METHODS: Transperitoneal laparoscopic bladder autoaugmentation was performed in five New Zealand male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). A three port technique was used for all cases. Circumferential detrusorectomy was performed with vascular pedicles sparing, subsequently submucosal detailed blunt dissection allowed the creation of a bladder diverticulum which was verified intraoperatively. Eye-ball cystometry was performed preoperatively and postoperatively to verify bladder capacity variations. Postoperatively cystometry was done immediately after the procedure and 7 and 15 days postoperatively. Statistical analysis was performed with T-student model. A p-value < 0.05 was considered of significance for the analysis. Surgical procedure and perioperative animal care was minutely precised according to the Guidelines of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council. RESULTS: Five New Zealand male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were surgically treated as described. Median operative time was 68.8 minutes (range 44 -120). Median preoperatory bladder capacity for the series was 25.8 cc (7-52). Median postoperative bladder capacity was diminished in 33% immediately after the operation. Then, bladder capacity augmented 72% and 52% for 7th and 15th postoperative days, respectively. Percentage variation in bladder capacity is statistically significant. Two operative complications (mucosal tear) were reported. A postoperatory abscess was observed in one animal. CONCLUSION: The rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) model for the laparoscopic bladder autoaugmentation is feasible for teaching, training and research. Bigger series and longer follow-up should be addressed.