RESUMO
This study evaluated the efficacy of photodynamic therapy using the photosensitizer azulene and low-intensity laser associated with standard root chemical-surgical preparation (performed with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite) in dogs. Twenty animals from the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (HOVET-FMVZ/USP) and treated at the Compared Dentistry Laboratory (Laboratório de Odontologia Veterinária [LOC]-FMVZ/USP) were included. Each subject possessed one single rooted tooth with complete root formation, pulp necrosis, complicated crown fracture and periapical bone rarefaction at the time of the radiographic examination. The endodontic treatment was performed in all dogs, which were divided into two equal groups. For group one, the standard chemical-surgical preparation was followed by the photodynamic therapy to evaluate the role of azulene after instrumentation. For group two, the photodynamic therapy was followed by the standard chemical-surgical preparation to evaluate the antimicrobial action of azulene before instrumentation. The results show that intracanal photodynamic therapy is efficient in eliminating unspecified bacterial and Enterococcus organism loads. In addition, this therapeutic modality reduces yeast contamination. The photodynamic therapy showed similar efficacy compared to standard chemical-surgical preparation. The application order of therapeutic modalities does not influence intracanal disinfection in both cases. This study shows that photodynamic therapy with low-intensity laser and azulene as a photosensitizer is a feasible alternative for improving treatment outcomes in routine practice of veterinary dentistry.
Assuntos
Azulenos , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes , Cães , Animais , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Cavidade Pulpar , Preparo de Canal Radicular/métodos , Preparo de Canal Radicular/veterinária , LasersRESUMO
TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) have a wide range of industrial applications (paintings, sunscreens, food and cosmetics) and is one of the most intensively used nanomaterials worldwide. Leaching from commercial products TiO2-NPs are predicted to significantly accumulate in wastewater sludges, which are then often used as soil amendment. In this work, sludge samples from four wastewater treatment plants of the Chihuahua State in Mexico were obtained during spring and summer (2017). A comprehensive characterization study was performed by X-ray based (laboratory and synchrotron) techniques and electron microscopy. Ti was detected in all sludge samples (1810-2760 mg/kg) mainly as TiO2 particles ranging from 40 nm up to hundreds of nm. Micro-XANES data was analyzed by principal component analysis and linear combination fitting enabling the identification of three predominant Ti species: anatase, rutile and ilmenite. Micro-XANES from the smaller Ti particles was predominantly anatase (68% + 32% rutile), suggesting these TiO2-NPs originate from paintings and cosmetics. TEM imaging confirmed the presence of nanoscale Ti with smooth surface morphologies resembling engineered TiO2-NPs. The size and crystalline phase of TiO2-NPs in the sludge from this region suggest increased reactivity and potential toxicity to agro-systems. Further studies should be dedicated to evaluating this.
RESUMO
Melanomas are the most common oral malignancy in dogs. Cell proliferation and connexin expression has been shown to differ in canine melanotic and amelanotic oral melanomas. This study aimed to analyze the c-Kit protein expression in melanotic and amelanotic melanomas from canine buccal cavity. A total of 34 canine buccal melanomas (19 melanotic and 15 amelanotic).were collected. The amelanotic melanomas presented faster evolution and higher incidence of metastasis than melanotic tumors. A significantly higher number of c-Kit positive cells were observed in amelanotic neoplasms. In addition, the intensity of c-Kit immunolabeling was predominantly stronger in amelanotic melanomas. These results confirm a potential role for c-Kit in canine oral melanomas with clear differences in expression patterns between the two histological types of tumor, melanotic and amelanotic. This study highlights the importance of a detailed study of c-Kit mutations in canine oral melanomas to better understand the molecular mechanisms implicated in the development of this disease...
Melanomas são as mais frequentes neoplasias malignas da cavidade bucal de cães. Sabe-se que a proliferação de células e expressão de conexina diferem em melanomas melanóticos e amelanóticos da cavidade bucal de cães. Este estudo analisou a expressão da proteína c-Kit em melanomas melanóticos e amelanóticos da cavidade bucal canina. Um total de 34 melanomas bucais caninos (19 melanóticos e 15 amelanóticos) foram coletados. Os melanomas amelanóticos apresentaram evolução mais rápida e maior incidência de metástase. Foi constatado um número significativamente maior de células positivas para c-Kit em neoplasias amelanóticas. Além disso, a intensidade de imunomarcação de c-Kit foi predominantemente mais forte em melanomas amelanóticos. Estes resultados confirmam um papel potencial para c-Kit em melanomas orais caninos, com diferenças claras em padrões de expressão entre os dois tipos histológicos de tumor, melanóticos e amelanóticos. Este trabalho destaca a importância de um estudo detalhado das mutações c-Kit em melanomas orais caninos para ser possível a melhor compreensão dos mecanismos moleculares envolvidos no desenvolvimento da doença...
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Boca/patologia , Melanoma Amelanótico/veterinária , Melanoma/veterinária , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit/imunologia , Carga Tumoral , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Metástase Neoplásica/imunologia , Neoplasias Bucais/veterináriaRESUMO
Melanomas are the most common oral malignancy in dogs. Cell proliferation and connexin expression has been shown to differ in canine melanotic and amelanotic oral melanomas. This study aimed to analyze the c-Kit protein expression in melanotic and amelanotic melanomas from canine buccal cavity. A total of 34 canine buccal melanomas (19 melanotic and 15 amelanotic).were collected. The amelanotic melanomas presented faster evolution and higher incidence of metastasis than melanotic tumors. A significantly higher number of c-Kit positive cells were observed in amelanotic neoplasms. In addition, the intensity of c-Kit immunolabeling was predominantly stronger in amelanotic melanomas. These results confirm a potential role for c-Kit in canine oral melanomas with clear differences in expression patterns between the two histological types of tumor, melanotic and amelanotic. This study highlights the importance of a detailed study of c-Kit mutations in canine oral melanomas to better understand the molecular mechanisms implicated in the development of this disease(AU)
Melanomas são as mais frequentes neoplasias malignas da cavidade bucal de cães. Sabe-se que a proliferação de células e expressão de conexina diferem em melanomas melanóticos e amelanóticos da cavidade bucal de cães. Este estudo analisou a expressão da proteína c-Kit em melanomas melanóticos e amelanóticos da cavidade bucal canina. Um total de 34 melanomas bucais caninos (19 melanóticos e 15 amelanóticos) foram coletados. Os melanomas amelanóticos apresentaram evolução mais rápida e maior incidência de metástase. Foi constatado um número significativamente maior de células positivas para c-Kit em neoplasias amelanóticas. Além disso, a intensidade de imunomarcação de c-Kit foi predominantemente mais forte em melanomas amelanóticos. Estes resultados confirmam um papel potencial para c-Kit em melanomas orais caninos, com diferenças claras em padrões de expressão entre os dois tipos histológicos de tumor, melanóticos e amelanóticos. Este trabalho destaca a importância de um estudo detalhado das mutações c-Kit em melanomas orais caninos para ser possível a melhor compreensão dos mecanismos moleculares envolvidos no desenvolvimento da doença(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Melanoma Amelanótico/veterinária , Melanoma/veterinária , Boca/patologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit/imunologia , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Neoplasias Bucais/veterinária , Carga Tumoral , Metástase Neoplásica/imunologiaRESUMO
Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm occurring in several animal species, and is the most frequently found tumor in the oral cavity in dogs. Melanomas are classified into two types: melanotic and amelanotic. Prior research suggests that human amelanotic melanomas are more aggressive than their melanotic counterparts. This study evaluates the behavior of canine melanotic and amelanotic oral cavity melanomas and quantifies cell proliferation and the expression of connexins. Twenty-five melanomas (16 melanotic and 9 amelanotic) were collected from dogs during clinical procedures at the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. After diagnosis, dogs were followed until death or euthanasia. Histopathology confirmed the gross melanotic or amelanotic characteristics and tumors were classified according to the WHO. HMB45 or Melan A immunostainings were performed to confirm the diagnosis of amelanotic melanomas. Cell proliferation was quantified both by counting mitotic figures and PCNA positive nuclei. Expressions of connexins 26 and 43 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western blot. Dogs bearing amelanotic melanomas presented a shorter lifespan in comparison to those with melanotic melanomas. Cell proliferation was significantly higher in amelanotic melanomas. Expressions of Connexins 26 and 43 were significantly reduced in amelanotic melanomas. The results presented here suggest that oral cavity melanotic and amelanotic melanomas differ regarding their behavior, cell proliferation and connexin expression in dogs, indicating a higher aggressiveness of amelanotic variants.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/patologia , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Melanoma Amelanótico/veterinária , Melanoma/veterinária , Neoplasias Bucais/veterinária , Animais , Proliferação de Células , Conexina 26 , Conexina 43/genética , Conexinas/genética , Doenças do Cão/mortalidade , Doenças do Cão/fisiopatologia , Cães , Feminino , Masculino , Melanoma/mortalidade , Melanoma/patologia , Melanoma/fisiopatologia , Melanoma Amelanótico/mortalidade , Melanoma Amelanótico/patologia , Melanoma Amelanótico/fisiopatologia , Neoplasias Bucais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Neoplasias Bucais/fisiopatologia , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
Introducción. El síndrome de Ohtahara es una encefalopatía epiléptica infantil temprana, caracterizada por espasmos tónicos frecuentes, crisis parciales y, ocasionalmente, mioclonías. El electroencefalograma interictal muestra un patrón característico de descargas de puntas que alternan con fases de supresión de la actividad eléctrica cerebral (brote-supresión). Las manifestaciones clínicas inician habitualmente antes de los 20 días de vida extrauterina. Los pocos casos reportados en la literatura no mencionan malformaciones congénitas asociadas. Caso clínico. Documentamos el primer caso clínico de un lactante masculino de 6 meses de edad con síndrome de Ohtahara asociado con una fístula traqueoesofágica tipo ''H''. Conclusiones. La asociación del síndrome de Ohtahara con la fístula traqueoesofágica pareciera deberse a una presentación fortuita y no con relación al síndrome neurológico.
Background. Ohtahara syndrome is an early infantile epileptic encephalopathy characterized by frequent tonic spasms, partial seizures and occasional myoclonus. Interictal EEG characteristically shows a pattern of burst of spikes alternating with phases of suppression of brain electrical activity (''burst-suppression''). Clinical manifestations usually begin before 20 days of life. The few cases reported in the literature do not mention associated congenital malformations. Case report. We report the first case of a 6-month-old male infant with Ohtahara syndrome associated with H-type tracheoesophageal fistula. Conclusions. The association between Ohtahara syndrome and tracheoesophageal fistula may be due to a fortuitous presentation without any relationship with the neurological syndrome.
RESUMO
Comparar el efecto del clareamiento dental con per¢xido de hidr¢geno al 35% con y sin la activaci¢n de l mpara de diodos en la microdureza del esmalte dental. Material y mtodos. Investigaci¢n experimental, longitudinal realizada con una muestra no probabil¡stica, intencional de 30 premolares permanentes distribuidos al azar en dos grupos: grupo control (n=15) tratados con per¢xido de hidr¢geno al 35% y grupo experimental (n=15) tratados con per¢xido de hidr¢geno al 35% m s el uso de l mpara de diodos (LED). Las mediciones de microdureza se determinaron antes y despus de 10 min de realizado el clareamiento dental mediante el mtodo de dureza de Vickers, realizando tres identaciones por muestra, de donde se obtuvo un promedio. Resultados. La prueba paramtrica t determin¢ que las dos tcnicas de clareamiento dental ocasionaron prdida significativa de microdureza del esmalte dentario (p=0,00) despus del clareamiento dental. Conclusiones. El clareamiento dental con el uso de LED produce m s prdida de microdureza en comparaci¢n al clareamiento dental sin esta fuente de luz; sin embargo, la diferencia no es significativa.
To compare the effect of the dental bleaching with hydrogen peroxide at 35% with and without the activation of diodes light in the microhardness of tooth enamel. Material and methods. Experimental, longitudinal research with a nonrandom sample, pursposly of 30 permanent premolars randomly divided into two groups: control group (n = 15) treated with hydrogen peroxide at 35% and experimental group (n = 15) treated with hydrogen peroxide at 35% and with a diode lamp . Microhardness measurements were determined before and after 10 minutes of the dental bleaching made by Vickers hardness method, performing three indentations per sample, obtaining an average. Results. The t Student test determined that both dental bleaching techniques caused loss of tooth enamel microhardness (p = 0,00) after dental bleaching. Conclusions. The dental bleaching using LED produces more microhardness loss compared to dental whitening without this light source, but the differences were not statistically significant.
Assuntos
Dureza , Esmalte Dentário , Peróxido de HidrogênioRESUMO
Introducción. La acrodermatitis enteropática es una patología rara, pero de fácil manejo y gran relevancia clínica. Debe ser diagnosticada de manera adecuada y oportuna. Se presenta en lactantes con la siguiente triada clínica: dermatitis acral, diarrea y alopecia. Se deberá iniciar tratamiento con zinc, incluso desde un primer nivel de atención, ya que la respuesta clínica es inmediata y sin secuelas. Caso clínico. Se reporta el caso de un lactante mayor con desnutrición crónica, talla baja y retraso psicomotor, así como grandes lesiones cutáneas descamativas, simétricas y diseminadas, y alopecia total, que ingresó al Hospital Regional de la Huasteca, en Huejutla, Hidalgo, México. Se sospechó de manera clínica en acrodermatitis enteropática, por lo que se determinaron los niveles séricos de zinc y se realizó una biopsia cutánea. Se obtuvo mejoría clínica desde las primeras dos semanas de tratamiento. Conclusiones. El tratamiento con sulfato de zinc a dosis de 2-5 mg/ kg/día presenta efectos clínicos inmediatos, con remisión completa de la sintomatología.
Background. Acrodermatitis enteropathica is a rare but easy to manage condition but with great clinical relevance. The condition must be diagnosed properly and timely. We present an infant with the following clinical triad: acral dermatitis, diarrhea and alopecia. Zinc treatment should be initiated, even from a primary care level. Clinical response is immediate and without sequelae. Case report. We present the case of an infant with chronic malnutrition, short stature, psychomotor retardation and large symmetrical scaly skin lesions with disseminated alopecia totalis. The patient was admitted to the Hospital Regional de la Huasteca, Huejutla, Hidalgo. Acrodermatitis enteropathica was suspected in the clinic and serum zinc and skin biopsy were carried out. Clinical improvement was obtained from the first 2 weeks oftreatment. Conclusions. Treatment initiation with zinc sulfate at a dose of 2-5 mg/kg/day has immediate clinical implications with complete symptom remission.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare analgesic effects of tramadol, codeine, and ketoprofen administered alone and in combination and their effects on concentrations of blood glucose, serum cortisol, and serum interleukin (IL)-6 in dogs undergoing maxillectomy or mandibulectomy. ANIMALS: 42 dogs with oral neoplasms. PROCEDURES: 30 minutes before the end of surgery, dogs received SC injections of tramadol (2 mg/kg), codeine (2 mg/kg), ketoprofen (2 mg/kg), tramadol+ketoprofen, or codeine+ketoprofen (at the aforementioned dosages). Physiologic variables, analgesia, and sedation were measured before (baseline) and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 24 hours after surgery. Blood glucose, serum cortisol, and serum IL-6 concentrations were measured 1, 3, 5, and 24 hours after administration of analgesics. RESULTS: All treatments provided adequate postoperative analgesia. Significant increases in mean+/-SD blood glucose concentrations were detected in dogs receiving tramadol (96+/-14 mg/dL), codeine (120+/-66 mg/dL and 96+/-21 mg/dL), ketoprofen (105+/-22 mg/dL), and codeine+ketoprofen (104+/-16 mg/dL) at 5, 1 and 3, 5, and 3 hours after analgesic administration, respectively, compared with preoperative (baseline) values. There were no significant changes in physiologic variables, serum IL-6 concentrations, or serum cortisol concentrations. Dogs administered codeine+ketoprofen had light but significant sedation at 4, 5, and 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Opioids alone or in combination with an NSAID promoted analgesia without adverse effects during the 24-hour postoperative period in dogs undergoing maxillectomy or mandibulectomy for removal of oral neoplasms.
Assuntos
Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Glicemia/metabolismo , Codeína/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Cetoprofeno/uso terapêutico , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Neoplasias Mandibulares/veterinária , Maxila/cirurgia , Neoplasias Maxilares/veterinária , Dor Pós-Operatória/veterinária , Tramadol/uso terapêutico , Animais , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Cães , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Masculino , Doenças Mandibulares/cirurgia , Doenças Mandibulares/veterinária , Neoplasias Mandibulares/cirurgia , Doenças Maxilares/cirurgia , Doenças Maxilares/veterinária , Neoplasias Maxilares/cirurgia , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controleRESUMO
A retrospective study was performed in 100 dogs with 121 mandibular and 21 maxillary fractures. Dog fight (43.0%) and automobile (12.0%) trauma were the most common etiologies for fracture. The cause of fracture was unknown in 23.0% of the cases, while pathologic fractures occurred in 13.0% of cases. Young dogs (< 1-year-old) and dogs > 8-years of age were most affected. Mandibular fractures occurred in 90 dogs (90.0%), with two dogs (2.2%) having concurrent maxillary fractures. Maxillary fractures only were diagnosed in 10 dogs (10.0%). The molar region (47.1%) was the most commonly affected location for mandibular fracture, followed by fractures of the symphysis and parasymphysis (30.6%), premolar region (17.4%), angular process (4.1%) and vertical ramus (0.8%). In fractures of the mandibular region, the mandibular first molar tooth was often (85.9%) involved while the canine teeth were involved in 67.5% of symphyseal and parasymphyseal fractures. The most common fracture of the maxilla was the maxillary bone (52.4%), followed by the incisive (33.3%), palatine (9.5%), and nasal (4.8%) bones.