RESUMO
Cyclospora cayetanensis is an Apicomplexa protozoa which was found to cause gastroenteritis in humans in 1979. This paper reviews the laboratory diagnosis of the disease. The usefulness of direct examination of fresh fecal matter with special acid-fast stains is emphasized as well as the morphometric differentiation between this organism and other similar coccidia. The paper reviews the sporulation technique of Cyclospora cayetanensis for the recognition and differentiation of artifacts and green-blue algae. Another aspect discussed is the morphology of the parasite in histological sections and with electromicroscopic examination whereby tissue morphology changes caused by the microorganism can be identified. The experience of the Service and Laboratory of Parasitology of the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría of Mexico in the laboratory diagnosis of this protozoosis is described. The paper is oriented towards the inclussion of Cyclospora cayetanensis in the diagnostic protocols for the study of diarrheas in our health Institutions.
Assuntos
Coccidiose/diagnóstico , Eucoccidiida/isolamento & purificação , Gastroenterite/diagnóstico , Parasitologia/métodos , Animais , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Citoplasma/parasitologia , Citoplasma/ultraestrutura , Fezes/parasitologia , Gastroenterite/parasitologia , Humanos , Intestino Delgado/parasitologia , Intestino Delgado/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , Manejo de Espécimes , Esporos , Coloração e Rotulagem/métodosRESUMO
A multicenter randomized study was performed. One hundred and seventy patients were selected. The patients were 18 years and older. They presented signs and symptoms of genital candidiasis and had positive smear culture for Candida. Eighty five patients were assigned to receive Cicloprox olamine 1%, and eighty five patients were assigned to receive Terconazol 0.8%. The treatment lasted six days with the objective to compare the clinical and antifungal efficiency and safety with both treatments. The result of mixed efficiency (clinical and microbiology) for Cicloprox olamine was 48 cases (62.3%) at the end of the treatment were cured--day 7-; and at the continuation--day 21-42 of them had the same result (55.3%); improvement was seen at the end in 25 cases (32.5%) and at the continuation 21 cases had the same result (27.6%). For Terconazol the result was 45 cases (61.6%) were cured at the end of the treatment, and at the continuation 39 had the same result (57.4%); improvement was seen at the end in 23 cases (31.5%) and at the continuation 22 cases had the same result (32.4%). We conclude that both treatments are effective and well tolerated for genital candidiasis treatment.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Candidíase Vulvovaginal/tratamento farmacológico , Piridonas/uso terapêutico , Triazóis/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Candidíase Vulvovaginal/microbiologia , Ciclopirox , Feminino , Humanos , Cremes, Espumas e Géis VaginaisRESUMO
To know the situation of the toxoplasmosis in Comitán Chiapas, we made a serological indirect inmunofluorecent antibody test (IFA) to the population of this city and to fifty women with abortion in evolution. The results show us that around five percent of the population in general have positive title of antitoxoplasma gondii antibiodies, and 18% in the women with abortion evolution case. The statistics concluded that seropositive for this parasitic disease is real higher between cases of abortion than population in general (P < 0.006), as well as it is significantly higher in abortion cases than women of the general population of Comitán Chiapas (P < 0.01).
Assuntos
Aborto Habitual/etiologia , Ameaça de Aborto/etiologia , Toxoplasmose/complicações , Aborto Habitual/imunologia , Ameaça de Aborto/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Toxoplasmose/imunologia , Toxoplasmose/parasitologiaRESUMO
An analytic relationship between positivity of the indirect immunofluorescent test (IIFT) for toxoplasmosis and clinical findings in a population of 328 children with cerebral infantile palsy (CIP) was performed. Children were distributed by age in one of four groups: I (0-2 years); II (3-6 years); III (7-12 years) and IV (13-18 years). One control group of 168 children with no PCI clinical findings was included. 125 sera were positive at 1:64 dilutions. The study of the binomial mother-child of 40 cases rendered 26 mothers with significant titer values. The majority of positive mothers to IIFT correlated with the youngest children (Groups I, II and III), mainly with group I (70.0%), which showed the highest titer ranges. Correlation between positive IIFT and clinical features was as high as 100.0%.
Assuntos
Paralisia Cerebral/parasitologia , Toxoplasmose Cerebral/sangue , Adolescente , Animais , Antígenos de Protozoários/sangue , Paralisia Cerebral/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Toxoplasma/imunologiaRESUMO
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasies (CIN), are very frequent in women with active sexual life who present risk factors. In this paper 220 exfoliative cytology reports from the National Cancer Register of the Direction of Epidemiology, Health Secretory, taken to women from eight Political Delegations in Mexico City, were revised. 134 cases presented CIN. 70.2% were grade III, corresponded to the age group between 26 and 35 years old; more than three pregnancies (47.76%) and more than three births (46.80%). Viral genital infections were related with CIN grades II and III. There are another risk factors that have been poorly analyzed in the national existent literature, therefore, it is necessary to effect further studies to determine the development of CIN in women with active sexual life.
Assuntos
Displasia do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Feminino , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologiaRESUMO
Presently study included 3 groups of 20 women with tricomoniasis demonstrated parasitologicaly for oozing vaginal, the first group received treatment with vaginal ova with metronidazol for 10 days, the second group ova of secnidazol for 3 days and the third group ova of secnidazol for 7 days. The results showed that the clinical manifestations dimanished significantly and the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis disappeared from the vaginal cavity, therefore cure was achieved parasitological in all the cases. We concluded that they are equally useful the metronidazol for 10 days, and the secnidazol for 3 or 7 days, without the presence of adverse effects.
Assuntos
Antiprotozoários/uso terapêutico , Antitricômonas/uso terapêutico , Metronidazol/análogos & derivados , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Vaginite por Trichomonas/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Trichomonas vaginalis/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
A study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nitazoxanide as a single agent for the treatment of a broad spectrum of mixed parasitic infections, both protozoa and helminths, was conducted at a primary school in San Pedro Tolimán, Querétaro, Mexico. Three faecal samples from 1824 adults and children were screened for the presence of oocysts, cysts, trophozoites, eggs or larvae of intestinal protozoa or helminths. Two hundred and forty-six adults and children infected with at least one protozoan and 2 helminths were given 7.5 mg/kg of nitazoxanide (500 mg to adults and 200 mg to children less than 12 years old) every 12 h for 3 consecutive days. Faecal samples were examined on days 6, 7, 8, 13, 14 and 15 (+/- 1) following initiation of treatment, using formalin-ether concentration and Kato-Katz egg counting. Treatment with nitazoxanide was 71-100% effective in eliminating evidence of infection with Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar, Giardia duodenalis, Blastocystis hominis, Isospora belli, Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Hymenolepis nana. Haematology and clinical chemistry values obtained before and after treatment remained unaffected by nitazoxanide. The drug was well tolerated, with only 15 patients (6.1%) reporting mild abdominal pain that lasted less than 24 h.
Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Antiprotozoários/uso terapêutico , Helmintíase/tratamento farmacológico , Enteropatias Parasitárias/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Protozoários/tratamento farmacológico , Tiazóis/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Nitrocompostos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We report 29 new localities with Triatominae in the Republic of México; these Triatominae belong to 8 different species. Infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in the majority of these localities with high rates of positivity was found. Biological observations concerning the collected Triatominae are given. The necessity of continued work in relation to geographical distribution, ecology, frequency of infection by T. cruzy, and the role played by Triatominae of the Republic of México in the transmission of the infection to the man is stressed.
Assuntos
Triatoma/parasitologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , México , Triatoma/classificaçãoRESUMO
An open, randomized study was carried out with 100 children to compare the efficacy and security of albendazole and metronidazole to eradicate Giardia lamblia. We included 100 patients in primary school age with giardiasis confirmed by parasitoscopic test who had not received treatment during the 2 previous months. A complete clinical study was performed. By using an aleatory code, the children were distributed in 2 groups: A and B. The clinical data was corroborated and the following tests were made: cell blood count, blood chemistry, direct and concentrated coproparasitoscopic study. Both groups were given an antiparasite treatment consisting of albendazole for group A or metronidazole for group B. Clinical, parasitological and blood controls were conducted before, during and after the treatment. A therapeutic efficacy of 94% and 98% for group A and B, respectively, was found. We concluded that albendazole and metronidazole are equally effective in a 5 days treatment period, but some undesirable effects may occur with metronidazole.
Assuntos
Albendazol/uso terapêutico , Antiprotozoários/uso terapêutico , Giardíase/tratamento farmacológico , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Albendazol/efeitos adversos , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Antropometria , Antiprotozoários/efeitos adversos , Criança , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/induzido quimicamente , Giardíase/sangue , Hematócrito , Humanos , Masculino , Metronidazol/efeitos adversos , SegurançaRESUMO
Very few uncertain and not trustworthy reports about the frequency of intestinal helminthiases found in humans have been made in México. However, with the few trustful studies carried out from 1981 to 1992, it is possible in México to verify that ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm infection and hymenolepiasis are present with significant percentages of infected people 11.2%, 1.7%, 0.15% and 1.8%, respectively. With the information obtained from the researches analyzed in this article, one can conclude that human infections by intestinal helminths in México, at the present time are almost as frequent as in past decades. Without any doubt, this occurs because still remain the factors that contribute to the persistence and spreading of the intestinal helminths, such as fecalism, poor hygienic and alimentary habits within deficient environmental sanitary conditions.