RESUMO
BACKGROUND: In order to improve ICSI, appropiate sperm selection and oocyte activation is necessary. The objective of the present study was to determine the efficiency of fertilization using ICSI with chemically activated ovine oocytes and sperm selected by swim up (SU) or swim up + zona pellucida (SU + ZP) binding. RESULTS: Experiment 1, 4-20 replicates with total 821 in vitro matured oocytes were chemically activated with ethanol, calcium ionophore or ionomycin, to determine oocyte activation (precense of one PN). Treatments showed similar results (54, 47, 42 %, respectively) but statistically differents (P < 0.05) than mechanical activated oocytes in sham, ICSI and sham injection (13, 25, 32 %, respectively) (10-17 replicates; n = 429). Experiment 2: Twelve ejaculates and 28 straws of semen were used (11-19 replicates). Sperm were selected by SU in BSA-TCM 199-H medium. A total of 2,294 fresh sperm and 2,760 from frozen-thawed semen were analyzed after SU or SU + ZP binding. Fresh sperm selected by SU showed acrosome reaction (AR) of 59 %, the sperm selected by SU + ZP binding increased AR to 91 %. In comparison, the AR of frozen-thawed sperm using SU or SU + ZP binding was 77 and 86 %, respectively (P < 0.05). Experiment 3: fertilization in 200 mechanical activativated oocytes (17 replicates) was 4 %, but fertilization increased in ethanol activated oocytes after ICSI (12-28 %) (5-6 replicates). When fresh sperm only selected by SU were injected to 123 oocytes, a fertilization rate (28 %) was achieved; in sperm selected by SU + ZP was 25 % (73 oocytes). In comparison, in frozen-thawed sperm selected by SU, fertilization was 13 % (70 oocytes), whereas sperm from SU + ZP binding displayed 12 % (51 oocytes) (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Chemical activation induces higher ovine oocyte activation than mechanical activation. Ethanol slightly displays higher oocyte activation than calcium ionophore and ionomicine. Sperm selection with SU + ZP increased AR/A and AR/D rates in comparison with SU in fresh and frozen-thawed sperm. According to this, in terms of fertilization rates, chemical activation after ICSI increased oocyte PN formation compared to mechanical activation. Also, fresh sperm treated with SU and SU + ZP were significantly different than frozen-thawed sperm, but between sperm treatments no significant differences were obtained.
RESUMO
Bats are reservoirs for viruses with zoonotic potential in the Americas, and scattered evidence exists suggesting that bats may act as reservoirs for dengue virus (DENV). To explore further the role of bats as part of DENV sylvatic cycles, 240 bats of 18 species were captured in 2 states of Mexico with contrasting ecological characteristics but concurrent DENV activity in humans. RT-PCR analysis of RNA extracted from liver or spleen tissue from de bats failed to show evidence for the presence of DENV nucleic acids in these organs. In addition, plasma assayed by plaque reduction neutralization test showed no evidence of neutralizing anti-DENV antibodies. These results suggest that American bats may not be reservoirs or amplification host for DENV infection.
Assuntos
Quirópteros/virologia , Vírus da Dengue/isolamento & purificação , Dengue/veterinária , Animais , Dengue/epidemiologia , Dengue/virologia , Reservatórios de Doenças/virologia , Fígado/virologia , México/epidemiologia , Baço/virologia , ZoonosesRESUMO
The aim of this study was to quantify the content of lipid droplets in bovine oocytes and embryos from Bos indicus (Bi), Bos taurus (Bt) and Bos indicus × Bos taurus (Bi × Bt). Oocytes were aspirated post-mortem and subjected to in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization and in vitro development; the medium employed at each stage (TCM-199, TALP, SOF) was supplemented with (i) serum replacement (SR), (ii) foetal calf serum (FCS) or (iii) oestrous cow serum (ECS). The structure and distribution of the lipid droplets were established using electron microscopy, but were quantified using an optical microscope on semi-fine toluidine blue-stained sections. The highest percentage of embryos corresponded to those produced with FCS and ECS, which differed from embryos generated with SR (p < 0.05). The highest percentage of morulae and the lowest percentage of blastocysts were obtained with the SR supplement (p < 0.05). The oocytes cultured in FCS demonstrated a higher number of lipid droplets compared to those cultured in SR and ECS (p < 0.05). Less accumulation of lipids was observed in embryos supplemented with SR. The lowest and highest numbers of lipid droplets in oocytes corresponded to the Bi and Bt strain, respectively. The lowest amount of lipid droplets in embryos was observed in Bi (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of the in vitro development culture medium (synthetic oviduct fluid) with a synthetic substitute serum produced similar results in terms of embryo development compared to those obtained with FCS, but a decreased degree of lipid droplet accumulation was observed in the in vitro-cultured embryos.
Assuntos
Bovinos/embriologia , Técnicas de Cultura Embrionária/veterinária , Embrião de Mamíferos/química , Lipídeos/química , Oócitos/química , Animais , Meios de Cultura/química , ProteínasRESUMO
Expansion of a natural killer (NK) cell population that expresses NKG2C has been associated with cytomegalovirus and other viral infections. It has been suggested that this cell population may play a role in infection control. Deletion of the NKG2C gene (homozygous or heterozygous) has been reported with high prevalence in European and Asian populations. However, the effect of NKG2C genotype on NK cell responses to infection remains poorly defined. We determined the prevalence of the NKG2C deletion in a Mexican population (n = 300) and in a group of patients (n = 131) to assess whether NKG2C genotype affects the incidence of symptomatic viral infections caused by influenza or respiratory syncytial virus. The frequency of the NKG2C deletion haplotype in Mexican mestizos was significantly lower (10.3%) than that reported in other populations (17.5-21.9%). No difference in the prevalence of NKG2C deletion was observed in subjects with viral infections compared with the reference population. In addition, no differences in clinical characteristics and infection outcome were observed between patients with and without the NKG2C gene deletion. Our results indicate that copy number variation in the NKG2C gene has no impact on the severity of respiratory viral infections.
Assuntos
Subfamília C de Receptores Semelhantes a Lectina de Células NK/genética , Infecções Respiratórias/genética , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Deleção de Sequência , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Citomegalovirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/genética , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/virologia , Feminino , Deleção de Genes , Genótipo , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A , Influenza Humana/genética , Influenza Humana/virologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/fisiologia , Masculino , México , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/genética , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/imunologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/virologia , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Respiratórias/imunologiaRESUMO
The Trigeminal Neuralgia, which is a non odontogenic pain, that takes place in the cranial-maxillofacial area, is a situation that the general dentist and tha maxillofacial surgeon, in particular, has to reconize. This study analizes 64 cases treated in period of 6 year. The epidemiologic results show several coincidences with international studies. They also show some characteristics not mentioned on the universal literature revised. The unique objective of this document is to determine the epidemiologics aspects of this desease, with respect to patients that attend spontaneously and/ or are derived from the others Services
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neuralgia do Trigêmeo/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Neuralgia do Trigêmeo/classificação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
The present research is included in the fields of public health, social sciences and gender studies. Its objective is to provide insight into the nursing behaviour of two groups of mothers, their domestic and extra-domestic child care arrangements and their attitudes towards breast-feeding. Thirty-five mothers were selected in Malinalco, Mexico, and 35 in the Sierra de Juárez, Oaxaca. Each mother had at least two children and one of them under three years of age. The study was exploratory in its initial phase, subsequently cross-sectional, comparative and prospective. It constitutes a foundation for longitudinal case studies. A pre-coded questionnaire, including the following issues, was administered: family composition; maternal schooling; maternal employment; nursing behaviour with the last child; child care and attitudes towards breast-feeding. The main information regarding 33 mothers in Malinalco and 31 in Oaxaca revealed that in both areas mothers decided how to feed their children during the first days; during the first month, 55 per cent of mothers in Malinalco breast-fed their child, while approximately 90 per cent did so in Oaxaca. The majority of women worked outside home and resorted to extra-domestic arrangements for child care. No relation was found between the feeding method chosen with the last child and maternal employment. About 90 per cent of women in both areas were "happy" to have been born females and breast-feeding was considered a "must". Seventy five per cent of mothers would not allow other women to breast feed their child, even though they were aware that maternal milk is the best.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Cuidado do Lactente , População Rural , Adolescente , Adulto , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Cuidado do Lactente/estatística & dados numéricos , México/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and feasibility of using the Guttman Scale as an indicator of usual dietary intake. Validation was done by comparing the results of dietary intake of a population obtained by using the Guttman Scale with a well-known method for evaluating dietary intake: the dietary history (one week). The study was done in seven communities in the state of Puebla, Mexico. Results from this study showed a weak correlation between the Guttman Scale with socioeconomic status and nutritional status. However, the results obtained with the dietary history method had a significant relationship with socioeconomic status and nutritional status. The conclusions are that the Guttman Scale has limitations when it is used as an alternative to the dietary history method for evaluating the total caloric intake, though it can be useful to determine dietary patterns of the individual.