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Latin America (LATAM) plays an important role in the world's production of aquatic animals and is the second most productive region in the world. Chile, Ecuador, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, and Perú contribute 87% of LATAM aquaculture production. The fish welfare in aquaculture is of increasing public concern globally, and LATAM is no exception, growing in importance for fish farmers, authorities, and scientists. Although the topic is somewhat controversial, the welfare status of farmed fish has direct implications for their production and the sustainability of the industry. Therefore, this study analyses scientific papers on animal welfare in farmed fish, from the six countries in LATAM with the highest aquaculture production. The main objectives were to quantify the number of papers published between 2000 and 2023 on fish welfare by using scientific databases. A total of 285 papers were found for the period analysed. The country with the largest number of publications was Brazil (75.79%), followed by Chile (13.33%), Mexico (7.02%), Peru (1.75%), Ecuador, and Colombia (1.05%). Nile tilapia was the most studied species, appearing in 30.18% of the publications, with most of the studies mainly dealing with nutrition (32.28%). The growth of aquaculture is leading to joint efforts to generate knowledge on welfare issues, especially in poorly studied species with high production, to create policies that help minimize welfare risks. Given this, the insights generated by this review could be a useful addition to approaches investigating the trends and concepts of fish welfare in LATAM.

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A novel Vibrio strain (CAIM 722T=SW9T=DSM 24596T) was isolated in 2003 from water of a shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) culture pond located in Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico, and taxonomically characterized using a polyphasic approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequence clustered within those of the genus Vibrio, showing high similarity to the type strains of the Porteresiae clade. Multilocus sequence analysis using eight housekeeping genes (ftsZ, gapA, gyrB, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA, topA and 16S rRNA) and phylogenetic analysis with 139 single-copy genes showed that the strain forms an independent branch. Whole genome sequencing and genomic analyses (average nucleotide identity, OrthoANI, average amino acid identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization) produced values well below the thresholds for species delineation with all methods tested. In addition, a phenotypic characterization was performed to support the description and differentiation of the novel strain from related taxa. The results obtained demonstrate that the strain represent a novel species, for which the name Vibrio eleionomae sp. nov. is proposed.

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Abstract The purpose of this article is to identify the relationships of affection that exist between children/adolescents institutionalized in the same shelter. Data collection was carried out in two sisters hosted in Brasília-DF, through field notes, documentary analysis script, theme-story drawing, collage and semi-structured interviews. The indicators arouse from the results, which guided the organization of two of the sense zones, based on the methodology developed by Gonzalez Rey: a) The family of origin and the affective memories; b) Institutionalization and affection in the fraternal relationship. The importance of the sibling group was identified for the establishment of the sense of security, protection and pre-disposition for more positive and resilient attitudes.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é compreender as relações de afeto preservadas pelos irmãos crianças/adolescentes institucionalizados numa mesma instituição. A coleta de dados foi realizada em duas irmãs acolhidas em Brasília-DF, por meio do diário de campo, roteiro de análise documental, desenho-história com tema, colagem e entrevistas semiestruturadas. A partir dos resultados foram levantados os indicadores que orientaram a organização de duas das zonas de sentidos, baseada na metodologia desenvolvida por Gonzalez Rey: a) Memórias afetivas sobre a família de origem; b) Institucionalização e afeto na relação fraterna. Identificou-se a importância do grupo de irmãos para o estabelecimento do sentimento de segurança, proteção e pré-disposição para atitudes mais positivas e resilientes.

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INTRODUCTION: Frailty is highly prevalent in heart failure (HF) patients. HF is associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which impair oxygen use by skeletal muscles. Little is known about the influence of frailty on vascular responsiveness and tissue oxygenation. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the influence of frailty on vascular responsiveness and muscle oxygenation in elderly individuals with and without HF. METHODS: Individuals aged ≥60 years, with or without HF, were evaluated for frailty (phenotype). Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to assess muscle oxygenation at rest (oxygen saturation - StO2 and deoxyhemoglobin) and during handgrip exercise (minimum StO2 and maximum deoxyhemoglobin), and oxygenation variables. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Results were grouped according to the frailty phenotype: non-frail, pre-frail, and frail. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess normality. Data were compared using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Bonferroni post hoc test was applied to determine the influence of frailty or HF on NIRS variables. SPSS software was used in the analyses; p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: 55 elderly participants (61.8% female; 70.4 ± 7.2 years old; 28 HF patients) participated in the study. 32.7% (n = 18) were classified as non-frail, 43.3% (n = 24) as pre-frail, and 23.6% (n = 13) as frail. The analysis of vascular responsiveness (n = 52) identified an influence (p < 0.05) of frailty on the reperfusion rate (slope 2 and ∆StO2 of nadir-peak) and desaturation during occlusion (area under the curve of StO2) in HF patients. There was no influence of frailty or HF on muscle oxygenation at rest and during exercise (n = 54; p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The coexistence of frailty and HF seems to impair vascular responsiveness, as frail elderly participants with HF presented lower reperfusion rates and higher desaturation levels during the arterial occlusion test. However, the presence of frailty or HF alone had no influence on muscle oxygenation at rest or during exercise.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Diferentes protocolos do teste de elevação do calcanhar (TEC) têm sido utilizados, sendo necessário analisar o impacto das variações nas respostas do teste. OBJETIVO: Comparar o desempenho e respostas de oxigenação muscular (OM) e frequência cardíaca (FC) de adultos em diferentes protocolos do TEC bipodal. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Este foi um estudo transversal do tipo cruzado. Trinta participantes (23,1±2,9 anos; 16 homens) realizaram quatro protocolos do TEC bipodal, variando cadenciamento (autocadenciado e cadenciado externamente) e posição dos tornozelos (neutra e dorsiflexão). Para a OM, analisamos a saturação tecidual de oxigênio (StO2 ) e variação da concentração de oxihemoglobina (∆[O2 Hb]) e calculamos a variação entre os menores valores e os valores finais (∆Nadir-Final) e área sob a curva (AUC). Para a FC, calculamos a variação dos valores iniciais e finais (∆FC) e constante de tempo (τ). O teste de Friedman foi utilizado para comparar as variáveis entre os protocolos. A ANOVA de dois fatores foi utilizada para identificar o impacto da cadência e/ou posição dos tornozelos. RESULTADOS: O número de repetições e o tempo de execução foram maiores nos protocolos em posição neutra e cadenciado externamente (p<0,001 para ambos). ∆Nadir-Final (StO2: p<0,001; ∆[O2Hb]: p=0,005) e AUC (StO2: p<0,001; ∆[O2Hb]: p<0,001) dea mbas as variáveis de OM foram maiores nos protocolos em posição neutra. Protocolos autocadenciados apresentaram maior aumento da FC e τ mais rápida (p=0,006 e p=0,046). CONCLUSÃO: O TEC realizado em posição neutra e cadenciamento externo gera maiores repetições e tempo de execução. A dorsiflexão promoveu menor reperfusão muscular e o autocadenciamento, maior e mais rápido aumento da FC.

INTRODUCTION: Different heel-rise test (HRT) protocols have been used, possibly leading to varied responses. It is necessary to analyse the impact of protocol variation on test responses. PURPOSE: To compare the performance, muscle oxygenation (MO), and heart rate (HR) responses of adults in bilateral HRT protocols. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional crossover study. Thirty participants (23.1±2.9 years; 16 men) performed four bilateral HRT protocols with varying cadence (self-cadenced; externally cadenced) and ankle position (neutral; dorsiflexion). For MO responses, we analysed tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) and oxyhemoglobin concentration variation (∆[O2Hb]) and calculated the variation between the smallest and final values (∆Nadir-Final) and the area under the curve (AUC). The variation between the initial and final HR values (∆HR) and the time constant (τ) were calculated. Friedman's test was used to compare the variables among the protocols. Two-way ANOVA was used to identify the impact of cadence and/or ankle position. RESULTS: The number of repetitions and execution time were higher in the neutral position and externally cadenced protocols (p<0.001 for both). ∆Nadir-Final (StO2: p<0.001;∆[O2Hb]: p=0.005) and AUC (StO2: p<0.001; ∆[O2Hb]: p<0.001) of both MO variables were higher in the neutral position protocols. Selfcadenced protocols presented higher HR increase and faster τ (p=0.006 and p=0.046). CONCLUSION: Bilateral HRT performed in a neutral position, and external cadence promotes more repetitions and a longer execution time. Dorsiflexion promotes lower muscle reperfusion, and self-cadence higher and faster HR increase.

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The bacterial strain 42Xb2 T was isolated from a female adult krill Nyctiphanes simplex infected with the apostome parasitoid ciliate Pseudocollinia brintoni in January 2007 in the Gulf of California. The strain has the morphological, phenotypic, and molecular characteristics of the bacteria of the family Vibrionaceae. The 16S rRNA gene sequence has a similarity of 97.7% with Enterovibrio pacificus SW014 T and 96.1% similarity with Enterovibrio norvegicus LMG 19839 T. A phylogenomic and a multilocus sequence analyses placed this strain close to the genera Enterovibrio, Grimontia, and Salinivibrio, but clearly forming a separate branch from these bacterial genera. Genomic analyses presented further support this result. A novel genus Veronia gen. nov. and a species Veronia nyctiphanis sp. nov. is here described with CAIM 600 T (= DSM 24592 T = CECT 7578 T) as the type strain. Morphological, physiological, and genetic evidence presented here support the unification of Enterovibrio pacificus and Veronia nyctiphanis in the new genus Veronia. Enterovibrio pacificus is reclassified as Veronia pacifica. V. pacifica is assigned as the type species of the new genus Veronia.Genome Sequencing Data The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the genome sequence of Veronia nyctiphanis CAIM 600 T is PEIB01 and of Enterovibrio pacificus CAIM 1920 T is LYBM01. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of V. nyctiphanis CAIM 600 T is JX129353.

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Ionogel are versatile materials, as they present the electrical properties of ionic liquids and also dimensional stability, since they are trapped in a solid matrix, allowing application in electronic devices such as gas sensors and electronic noses. In this work, ionogels were designed to act as a sensitive layer for the detection of volatiles in a custom-made electronic nose. Ionogels composed of gelatin and a single imidazolium ionic liquid were doped with bare and functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles, producing ionogels with adjustable target selectivity. After exposing an array of four ionogels to 12 distinct volatile organic compounds, the collected signals were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and by several supervised classification methods, in order to assess the ability of the electronic nose to distinguish different volatiles, which showed accuracy above 98%.

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OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the influence of carbamide peroxide, 10% and 16%, on the surface roughness and gloss of a pressable ceramic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Carbamide peroxide (10% or 16%) was applied for 4 hours or 3 hours per day for 14 days, respectively, in pressable ceramic discs (14 mm × 2 mm). Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C. Surface roughness and gloss were determined before carbamide peroxide application (T0 ), 7 days (T7 ) and 14 days (T14 ) after the initial treatment. ANOVA was used with repeated measures and multiple comparisons with a Bonferroni adjustment (P < 0.005). RESULTS: Significant increase in surface roughness was observed over time (P < 0.001), with T0 < T7 < T14 . When the gloss was analyzed, significant differences were found (P < 0.001), control group showed a higher gloss than those of the 10% and 16% groups. Significant decrease in gloss was observed over time (P < 0.001), with T0 > T7 > T14 . CONCLUSIONS: The surface roughness of pressable ceramics increased, while their gloss significantly decreased when 10% or 16% carbamide peroxide was applied. The specimens treated with 16% carbamide peroxide exhibited higher surface roughness and less gloss than the specimens treated with 10% carbamide peroxide. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study found that carbamide peroxide gels commonly used in at-home procedures influenced the surface roughness and gloss of a pressable ceramic that is often used for rehabilitation esthetics.

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O resgate histórico pode ser uma forma eficaz de unir uma comunidade, despertar nela o sentimento de pertencimento ao local que vive, e possibilitar ações futuras. Assim, o estudo teve o objetivo de recuperar a memória histórica acerca da Ermida de Nossa Senhora da Escada, a partir da perspectiva da história dos saberes psicológicos, com foco nos impactos psicossociais para a comunidade do bairro. A Ermida se localiza no bairro da Escada, no Subúrbio Ferroviário de Salvador, e foi fundada no século XVI. O método histórico utilizado na pesquisa consistiu na coleta, organização, interpretação e análise de fontes primárias e secundárias, tendo em vista: a Ermida nas fontes primárias; a Escada nas tradições populares; e o Significado simbólico da Escada. A partir da análise dos dados, tem-se a hipótese que a Ermida carrega significações culturais e proporciona vivências psíquicas ligadas às experiências religiosas, que contribuem para a afirmação da identidade.(AU)

The historical rescue can be an effective way to unite a community, awakening in it the feeling of belonging to the place you live in, and enable future actions. Thus, the work objective recover the historical memory about the Nossa Senhora da Escada Chapel,based on a history of psychological knowledge perspective. It focuses specifically on psychosocial impacts of this place for the neighborhood's community. This Chapel is located in the city of Salvador, Bahia, specifically at Escada‟s neighborhood, Suburbs Rail Salvador, and was founded in the sixteenth century. The historical method steps included collection, organization, interpretation and analysis of primary and second sources, basedin: The Chapel in primary sources; Ladder in popular traditions; and symbolic ladder Meaning. From the analysis of the data, there is the assumption that the Chapel carries cultural meanings and provides psychic experiences linked to religious experiences, that contribute to the affirmation of identity.(AU)

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O resgate histórico pode ser uma forma eficaz de unir uma comunidade, despertar nela o sentimento de pertencimento ao local que vive, e possibilitar ações futuras. Assim, o estudo teve o objetivo de recuperar a memória histórica acerca da Ermida de Nossa Senhora da Escada, a partir da perspectiva da história dos saberes psicológicos, com foco nos impactos psicossociais para a comunidade do bairro. A Ermida se localiza no bairro da Escada, no Subúrbio Ferroviário de Salvador, e foi fundada no século XVI. O método histórico utilizado na pesquisa consistiu na coleta, organização, interpretação e análise de fontes primárias e secundárias, tendo em vista: a Ermida nas fontes primárias; a Escada nas tradições populares; e o Significado simbólico da Escada. A partir da análise dos dados, tem-se a hipótese que a Ermida carrega significações culturais e proporciona vivências psíquicas ligadas às experiências religiosas, que contribuem para a afirmação da identidade.

The historical rescue can be an effective way to unite a community, awakening in it the feeling of belonging to the place you live in, and enable future actions. Thus, the work objective recover the historical memory about the Nossa Senhora da Escada Chapel, based on a history of psychological knowledge perspective. It focuses specifically on psychosocial impacts of this place for the neighborhood?s community. This Chapel is located in the city of Salvador, Bahia, specifically at Escada?s neighborhood, Suburbs Rail Salvador, and was founded in the sixteenth century. The historical method steps included collection, organization, interpretation and analysis of primary and second sources, based in: The Chapel in primary sources; Ladder in popular traditions; and symbolic ladder Meaning. From the analysis of the data, there is the assumption that the Chapel carries cultural meanings and provides psychic experiences linked to religious experiences, that contribute to the affirmation of identity.

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