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ABSTRACT Purpose: to identify the profile of tinnitus research in Brazil and the main procedures adopted by professionals in the field in the national territory. Methods: an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study, in which an active search was made on digital platforms to identify researchers in Brazil who have tinnitus as a study focus. After identifying the tinnitus study groups, an online Form was sent to the researchers comprising 21 questions, so as to know the works in development. The collected responses were extracted and tabulated intoMicrosoft Excel Professional Plus2019 through the absolute and relative frequency measurements of the final sample. Results: 117 researchers were identified, of these, 21 participated in the study, being (90.5%) females, specifically from public universities (81%) in the Southeast region of Brazil (47.7%). These professionals develop clinical research (76.1%), focusing on therapies and/or treatments (38.1%), and use sound therapy (52.38%) as the main technological resource of their studies. Conclusion: the research profile is clinical, with a main focus on therapies and/or treatments for tinnitus. As for the procedures, there is a predominant application of the Visual Analogue Scale- VAS and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory- THI as evaluation protocols and sound therapy as the main technological resource of their studies.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar o perfil das pesquisas sobre zumbido realizadas no Brasil e os principais procedimentos adotados pelos profissionais da área em território nacional. Métodos: estudo de caráter observacional, descritivo e transversal, em que foi feita uma busca ativa em plataformas digitais para identificar pesquisadores no Brasil que têm o zumbido como foco de estudo. Após a identificação dos grupos de estudo sobre zumbido, foi enviado aos pesquisadores um formulário online composto por 21 questões, com o intuito de conhecer os trabalhos em desenvolvimento. As respostas coletadas foram extraídas e tabuladas no Microsoft Excel professional plus 2019 por meio das medidas de frequência absoluta e relativa da amostra final. Resultados: foram identificados 117 pesquisadores, destes, 21 participaram do estudo, sendo (90,5%) do sexo feminino, especificamente de universidades públicas (81%) da região Sudeste do Brasil (47,7%). Esses profissionais desenvolvem pesquisas clínicas (76,1%), com foco em terapias e/ou tratamentos (38,1%) e utilizam a terapia sonora (52,38%) como recurso tecnológico principal de seus estudos. Conclusão: o perfil das pesquisas é do tipo clínico, com foco principal em terapias e/ou tratamentos para o zumbido. Quanto aos procedimentos, há o predomínio de aplicação da Escala Visual Analógica- EVA e do Tinnitus Handicap Inventory-THI como protocolos de avaliação e a terapia sonora como recurso tecnológico principal de seus estudos.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe the development, focusing on language, of children affected by congenital Zika syndrome and compare it with that of typically developing children. Methods: a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional, case-control study. Data from the group of children with congenital Zika virus syndrome (case) were matched for sex and age with data from the group of typically developing children without comorbidities (control). The research included 20 parents/guardians of the children in the case group and 20 parents/guardians of the children in the control group, using interview as an adapted instrument. The data underwent descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, through association tests and comparison of means, with the significance level set at 5%. Results: there was a statistical difference in motor, auditory, and language development between the groups, according to the parents' perception. Conclusion: Based on the caregivers' reports, most of the case group communicated non-verbally through babbling, shouting, and eye contact, whereas the minority communicated through dialogue, understood simple orders, and performed imitative behaviors, symbolic play, and shared attention. On the other hand, the control group communicated through complex sentences constructed into narratives.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o desenvolvimento infantil, com enfoque na linguagem, de crianças acometidas da síndrome congênita do Zika e compará-lo com o de crianças com desenvolvimento típico. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal, do tipo caso-controle, e de natureza quantitativa. Os dados do grupo de crianças com Síndrome Congênita do Zika vírus (caso) foram pareados por sexo e idade com os dados do grupo de crianças sem comorbidades e desenvolvimento típico (controle). Participaram da pesquisa, 20 responsáveis pelas crianças do grupo caso e 20 pelas crianças do grupo controle e o instrumento utilizado foi uma entrevista adaptada. Os dados foram examinados por meio de uma análise estatística descritiva e inferencial por meio de testes de associação e de comparação de médias, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: foi observada diferença estatística entre os grupos estudados, referente ao desenvolvimento infantil, no âmbito motor, auditivo e de linguagem, com base na percepção dos pais. Conclusão: diante das informações dos cuidadores, a comunicação da maioria do grupo caso ocorre de forma não verbal por meio de gorjeios, gritos e contato visual; e a minoria comunica-se por diálogo, compreende ordens simples, realiza condutas imitativas, brincar simbólico e tem atenção compartilhada. Diferentemente, o grupo controle comunica-se por meio de frases complexas presentes em narrativas.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: to report scientific evidence on the impact of aphasia on central auditory processing and map the contribution of auditory training to aphasic individuals. Methods: a scoping review approaching national and international databases (SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) and the gray literature (Google Scholar and Open Grey). The inclusion criteria covered articles that addressed the interface between central auditory processing and aphasia, excluding duplicates, literature reviews, and scientific abstracts. Literature Review: the review comprised 13 articles that met the eligibility criteria for this study. Seven of the selected articles assessed central auditory processing, four used electrophysiological examinations (such as auditory brainstem response and long-latency auditory evoked potentials) to assess the auditory pathway, and only one analyzed the intervention in aphasic individuals with auditory training. Conclusion: scientific evidence points to an important change in aphasic people's central auditory processing, with impaired figure-ground, auditory closure, temporal resolution and ordering, and binaural integration. Moreover, it is relevant to assess auditory processing, given the contribution of auditory training in speech-language-hearing therapy for a better prognosis in the rehabilitation of aphasia.

RESUMO Objetivo: reportar as evidências científicas do impacto da afasia no Processamento Auditivo Central e mapear a contribuição do Treinamento Auditivo para a população afásica. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo realizada nas bases de dados nacionais e internacionais: Scielo, Lilacs, Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library e com uma busca adicional à literatura cinzenta no Google Scholar e Open Grey. Os critérios de inclusão abrangeram artigos que abordassem a interface do processamento auditivo central e afasia, excluindo-se as duplicações, artigos de revisão da literatura e resumos científicos. Revisão de Literatura: selecionaram-se 13 artigos que cumpriram os critérios de elegibilidade deste estudo. Dos artigos selecionados, sete apresentaram a avaliação do Processamento Auditivo Central, quatro apresentaram os exames eletrofisiológicos - como os exames de Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico (PEATE) e Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Longa Latência (PEALL) - para avaliação da via auditiva e apenas um estudo analisou a intervenção dos indivíduos afásicos por meio do treinamento auditivo. Conclusão: as evidências científicas apontam importante alteração no Processamento Auditivo Central dos afásicos, apresentando prejuízos nas habilidades auditivas de figura-fundo, fechamento auditivo, resolução e ordenação temporal e integração binaural. Ainda, demonstra-se como relevante a avaliação do processamento, devido à contribuição do Treinamento Auditivo nas terapias fonoaudiológicas para um melhor prognóstico na reabilitação das afasias.

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PURPOSE: To verify the effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in the usability test of the tinnitus assessment application. METHODS: This is a descriptive usability test study that assessed the satisfaction, effectiveness, and efficiency of the application. The test was carried out virtually via Google Forms. First, the participants received instructions on how to access and use Avazum, through texts and illustrative images. Afterward, the users used the application, observing its functions and usability. Next, the participants answered the usability questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 21.0, to perform descriptive analysis such as frequency, percentages of data in the System Usability Questionnaire (SUS), and analysis in the Net Promoter Score (NPS). RESULTS: Thus, the overall mean SUS score was consistent with satisfactory usability, which implies that the application does not present serious usability problems. Also, the overall NPS percentage indicated very good user satisfaction, with a good percentage of promoting users. As far as effectiveness is concerned, it was found that Avazum reached its goals, besides being efficient, as it uses clear language and is comfortably used. CONCLUSION: Avazum obtained very good satisfaction from users, in addition to achieving its goals. It proved to be effective, has clear language, and is comfortably used, adducing efficiency in the multidisciplinary evaluation of tinnitus.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a efetividade, eficiência e satisfação no teste de usabilidade para o aplicativo de avaliação do zumbido. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de teste de usabilidade, no qual será avaliado satisfação, eficácia e eficiência do aplicativo. O teste foi realizado virtualmente por meio de um formulário do Google Forms. Primeiramente, os participantes receberam as instruções de acesso e uso do avazum através de textos e imagens ilustrativas. Logo após, os usuários fizeram o uso do aplicativo, observando suas funções e usabilidade. Em seguida, os participantes responderam o questionário de usabilidade. A análise estatística foi realizada no software Statistics Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 21.0 para realizar a análise descritiva como frequência, percentagens dos dados do System Usability Questionnaire (SUS), além de análise do score do Net Promoter Score (NPS). RESULTADOS: Sendo assim, a média geral do score do SUS foi condizente com score de usabilidade satisfatório, o que implica dizer que o aplicativo não apresenta graves problemas de usabilidade, além da porcentagem geral NPS indicar uma satisfação muito boa dos usuários, com bom percentual de usuários promotores. No que diz respeito sobre a efetividade, foi possível observar que o Avazum atinge os objetivos propostos, além de ser eficiente, pois apresenta uma linguagem clara e confortabilidade durante o uso. CONCLUSÃO: O Avazum obteve satisfação muito boa dos usuários, além de atingir os objetivos propostos, tornando-o efetivo, apresentou uma linguagem clara e confortabilidade durante o uso, aduzindo eficiência na avaliação multidisciplinar do zumbido.

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RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a efetividade, eficiência e satisfação no teste de usabilidade para o aplicativo de avaliação do zumbido. Método Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de teste de usabilidade, no qual será avaliado satisfação, eficácia e eficiência do aplicativo. O teste foi realizado virtualmente por meio de um formulário do Google Forms. Primeiramente, os participantes receberam as instruções de acesso e uso do avazum através de textos e imagens ilustrativas. Logo após, os usuários fizeram o uso do aplicativo, observando suas funções e usabilidade. Em seguida, os participantes responderam o questionário de usabilidade. A análise estatística foi realizada no software Statistics Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 21.0 para realizar a análise descritiva como frequência, percentagens dos dados do System Usability Questionnaire (SUS), além de análise do score do Net Promoter Score (NPS). Resultados Sendo assim, a média geral do score do SUS foi condizente com score de usabilidade satisfatório, o que implica dizer que o aplicativo não apresenta graves problemas de usabilidade, além da porcentagem geral NPS indicar uma satisfação muito boa dos usuários, com bom percentual de usuários promotores. No que diz respeito sobre a efetividade, foi possível observar que o Avazum atinge os objetivos propostos, além de ser eficiente, pois apresenta uma linguagem clara e confortabilidade durante o uso. Conclusão O Avazum obteve satisfação muito boa dos usuários, além de atingir os objetivos propostos, tornando-o efetivo, apresentou uma linguagem clara e confortabilidade durante o uso, aduzindo eficiência na avaliação multidisciplinar do zumbido.

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in the usability test of the tinnitus assessment application. Methods This is a descriptive usability test study that assessed the satisfaction, effectiveness, and efficiency of the application. The test was carried out virtually via Google Forms. First, the participants received instructions on how to access and use Avazum, through texts and illustrative images. Afterward, the users used the application, observing its functions and usability. Next, the participants answered the usability questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 21.0, to perform descriptive analysis such as frequency, percentages of data in the System Usability Questionnaire (SUS), and analysis in the Net Promoter Score (NPS). Results Thus, the overall mean SUS score was consistent with satisfactory usability, which implies that the application does not present serious usability problems. Also, the overall NPS percentage indicated very good user satisfaction, with a good percentage of promoting users. As far as effectiveness is concerned, it was found that Avazum reached its goals, besides being efficient, as it uses clear language and is comfortably used. Conclusion Avazum obtained very good satisfaction from users, in addition to achieving its goals. It proved to be effective, has clear language, and is comfortably used, adducing efficiency in the multidisciplinary evaluation of tinnitus.

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RESUMO Objetivo caracterizar o grau de intensidade e desconforto do zumbido de indivíduos, pós-COVID-19. Métodos pesquisa observacional, exploratória e de corte transversal com 242 participantes, divididos em dois grupos iguais, pareados de acordo com gênero e faixa etária: grupo-controle (GC), composto por indivíduos com zumbido em período pré-pandêmico, e grupo de estudo (GE), composto por participantes que referiram zumbido pós-COVID-19, de diferentes regiões do país. Foram comparados os escores gerais e de domínios específicos do Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) e da Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), por meio de análise estatística descritiva, testes de normalidade, comparação de grupos e de correlação entre as variáveis. Resultados em cada grupo, 93 participantes eram do gênero feminino e 28, do masculino, sendo a média das idades de 35 anos. Os graus desprezível e leve do THI e leve e moderado da EVA foram maiores para o GE, enquanto o domínio catastrófico do THI e a EVA apontaram piores escores para o GC. Houve diferença significativa entre todos os domínios das escalas inter e intragrupos. Conclusão manifestações mais brandas de incômodo, intensidade e desconforto do zumbido pós-COVID-19 foram encontradas, em comparação ao sintoma decorrente de outras causas. Assim, o impacto do zumbido para a população estudada foi menos autorreferido, apontando para melhores possibilidades terapêuticas e prognósticas.

ABSTRACT Purpose to characterize the degree of intensity and discomfort of tinnitus in post-COVID-19 individuals. Methods observational, exploratory and cross-sectional research with 242 participants, divided into two equal groups matched according to sex and age group. The control group, composed of individuals with tinnitus in the pre-pandemic period, and the study group, composed of participants who reported post-COVID-19 tinnitus in different regions of the country. General and domain-specific scores from the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were compared through descriptive statistical analysis, normality tests, comparison of groups and correlation between variables. Results in each group, 93 participants were female and 28 male, with a mean age of 35 years. The "negligible" and "mild" degrees of the THI and the "mild" and "moderate" of the VAS were higher for the SG, while the catastrophic domain of the THI and the VAS indicate worse scores for the CG. There was a significant difference between all domains of the inter- and intra-group scales. Conclusion milder manifestations of post-COVID-19 tinnitus disturbance, intensity and discomfort were found, compared to symptoms arising from other causes. Thus, the self-reported impact of the studied population was lower, pointing to better therapeutic and prognostic possibilities.

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Abstract Introduction Tinnitus affects a large portion of the world's population. There are several questionnaires being used for the evaluation of the severity of tinnitus and its impact in quality of life; however, they do not measure treatment-related changes. So, a new self-reported questionnaire was developed, the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), which has been translated into several languages. Objective To perform the translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the TFI questionnaire for Brazilian Portuguese. Method This is a multicenter project divided into two stages: translation and cultural adaptation; and validation and reliability. For the validation, the Brazilian Portuguese version of the TFI was correlated with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) domains for tinnitus and quality of life and was evaluated by the Spearman ρ test. The reliability and internal consistency were evaluated by the Cronbach α test. Result The Brazilian version of the TFI was obtained through an initial translation process, synthesis of translations, backtranslation and evaluation by a committee of experts. This version was then applied in 88 patients complaining of tinnitus from speech therapy and otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinics of the three school clinics. The Brazilian version presented high reliability, as evidenced by the Cronbach α value (α = 0.870), and strong correlation (rho = 0.760 and p = 0.000). Conclusion The high reliability found in the results demonstrates that the Brazilian Portuguese version of the TFI is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate the severity and impact of tinnitus on quality of life and changes related to its treatment.

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Introduction Tinnitus affects a large portion of the world's population. There are several questionnaires being used for the evaluation of the severity of tinnitus and its impact in quality of life; however, they do not measure treatment-related changes. So, a new self-reported questionnaire was developed, the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), which has been translated into several languages. Objective To perform the translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the TFI questionnaire for Brazilian Portuguese. Method This is a multicenter project divided into two stages: translation and cultural adaptation; and validation and reliability. For the validation, the Brazilian Portuguese version of the TFI was correlated with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) domains for tinnitus and quality of life and was evaluated by the Spearman ρ test. The reliability and internal consistency were evaluated by the Cronbach α test. Result The Brazilian version of the TFI was obtained through an initial translation process, synthesis of translations, backtranslation and evaluation by a committee of experts. This version was then applied in 88 patients complaining of tinnitus from speech therapy and otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinics of the three school clinics. The Brazilian version presented high reliability, as evidenced by the Cronbach α value (α = 0.870), and strong correlation (rho = 0.760 and p = 0.000). Conclusion The high reliability found in the results demonstrates that the Brazilian Portuguese version of the TFI is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate the severity and impact of tinnitus on quality of life and changes related to its treatment.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: to establish the profile of individuals with tinnitus treated at a Hearing Health service and to associate the symptom with gender, audiological profile, and presence of vertigo. Methods: a descriptive, retrospective study with an analysis of 6,000 medical records of individuals treated at a hearing health service was carried out. The data collected from the medical records were: sociodemographic data, characteristics of hearing impairment, characteristics of tinnitus and vertigo, speech therapy interview, and otorhinolaryngological, audiological, otoneurological assessments, characteristics of life style and risk factors. An descriptive analysis was performed using the Chi-square test of association, adopting a statistical significance level of 5% (p<0.05) for the inferential analysis. Results: there was a statistically significant association between the presence of tinnitus and gender, normal hearing, and vertigo, and a significant association was also found between tinnitus and unilateral and bilateral conductive hearing loss, and unilateral and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Conclusion: there was a significant association, in the population evaluated, for the presence of tinnitus and female gender, normal hearing, unilateral and bilateral conductive hearing loss, unilateral and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, and the presence of vertigo.

RESUMO Objetivo: estabelecer o perfil dos indivíduos com zumbido, atendidos em um serviço de Saúde Auditiva e associar o sintoma com gênero, perfil audiológico e presença de vertigem. Métodos: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo. Foi realizada a análise de 6.000 prontuários de indivíduos atendidos em um serviço de saúde auditiva, os dados coletados do prontuário foram: dados sociodemográficos, características da deficiência auditiva, caraterísticas do zumbido e da vertigem, entrevista fonoaudiológica, avaliações otorrinolaringológicas, audiológicas, otoneurológicas, estilo de vida e dos fatores de risco. A análise descritiva, foi realizada por meio do teste de associação Qui-quadrado, sendo adotado o nível de significância estatística de 5% (p<0,05) para a análise inferencial. Resultados: houve associação estatisticamente significante entre presença de zumbido e gênero, audição normal e vertigem e foi constatada também associação significante entre zumbido e perda auditiva condutiva unilateral e bilateral, perda auditiva sensorioneural unilateral e bilateral. Conclusão: houve associação significante, na população avaliada, para presença de zumbido e gênero feminino, audição normal, perda auditiva condutiva unilateral e bilateral, perda auditiva sensorioneural unilateral e bilateral e presença de vertigem.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: to present preliminary data on the influence of COVID-19 on the appearance and/or worsening of auditory and vestibular symptoms in the population of a Brazilian state. Methods: an observational, descriptive and quantitative approach of research, carried out from September 2020 to May 2021, in Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. The research consisted of a self-report questionnaire on the manifestation of COVID-19, general post-infection symptoms, and audio-vestibular symptoms before and after COVID-19, posted on social media using the snowball technique. Results: the sample consisted of 173 people, 89% reporting symptomatic manifestations of COVID-19 with home treatment, 6.9% being asymptomatic, and 4% symptomatic with hospital treatment. A decrease in smell was reported by 126 patients, headache by 76, tinnitus by 76, and dizziness by 72, after infection by COVID-19. An increase in audio-vestibular symptoms was observed, affecting even those who did not present them before COVID. Conclusions: the preliminary results of the research point to a high occurrence and worsening of auditory and vestibular symptoms, following COVID-19.