RESUMO
Cosmetic treatments aim at improving skin appearance through vehicles of good sensory properties. Those vehicles are mainly emulsions and gels designed to deliver safe and effective compounds to skin. Creams and serums are widely used to achieve these goals, but recently a new type of formulation known as organogels triggered scientific attention, particularly in the design of both topical and cosmetic formulations. It has been established that the lipophilic nature of organogels makes it an excellent candidate for the delivery of cosmetic molecules through skin. In this review, we discuss the properties and characteristics of organogels and present the advantages of the application of these systems in cosmetics.
Les traitements cosmétiques visent à améliorer l'apparence de la peau grâce à des véhicules dotés de bonnes propriétés sensorielles. Ces véhicules sont principalement des émulsions et gels conçus pour livrer des composants sûrs et efficaces à la peau. Crèmes et sérums sont largement utilisés pour atteindre ces objectifs mais un nouveau type de formulation appelé organogels a récemment attiré l'attention des scientifiques, en particulier en ce qui concerne la conception de formulations à la fois topiques et cosmétiques. Il a été établi que la nature lipophile des organogels en fait d'excellents candidats pour la livraison de molécules cosmétiques à la peau. Dans cette analyse, nous discutons des propriétés et des caractéristiques des organogels, et présentons les avantages de l'utilisation de ces systèmes dans la cosmétique.
Assuntos
Cosméticos , Géis , Compostos Orgânicos/química , Administração Tópica , Química Farmacêutica , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Reologia , Absorção CutâneaRESUMO
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is responsible for sunburns, skin cancer, photoaging, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The awareness on preventing these deleterious effects made the use of anti-UVB formulations an important part of population habits; however, despite the availability of several antioxidants capable of ROS scavenging, the pharmaceutical market lacks products associating UV filters with natural compounds of proven efficacy. Here, we investigated the effect of rutin, a flavonoid with antioxidant activity, associated with UVB filters in dermocosmetic preparations. METHODS: Formulations were assessed through its antioxidant activity, in vitro photoprotective effectiveness, photostability, and in vivo skin tolerance (hydration, transepidermal water loss, and erythema). RESULTS: Samples containing rutin were compatible with the human skin and presented a pronounced antioxidant potential, with scavenging activity values 75% higher than the ones containing only UVB filters. Although rutin could not prevent the sunscreens photodegradation post-irradiation, the bioactive compound significantly increased the formulations critical wavelengths, showing a photoprotective gain, especially in the UVA range. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the absorption in the UVA range, coupled with ROS scavenging potential, proved the positive effect of rutin applied to anti-UVB formulations, making this bioactive compound a promising candidate for photoprotection improvement.
Assuntos
Protetores contra Radiação/administração & dosagem , Rutina/administração & dosagem , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Pele/efeitos da radiação , Protetores Solares/administração & dosagem , Raios Ultravioleta/efeitos adversos , Absorção de Radiação/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Feminino , Filtração/métodos , Humanos , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Absorção Cutânea/efeitos dos fármacos , Absorção Cutânea/fisiologia , Absorção Cutânea/efeitos da radiação , Perda Insensível de Água/efeitos dos fármacos , Perda Insensível de Água/fisiologia , Perda Insensível de Água/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
Bromeliads are greatly represented in the Atlantic Forest, although many species are threatened with extinction owing to habitat fragmentation and intense extraction for ornamental purposes. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct studies generating knowledge about genetic diversity and the distribution of this diversity among and within natural populations to establish conservation strategies. These studies can be performed with the use of molecular markers. Molecular markers are advantageous for studies of natural populations, for conservation programs, and to aid in properly classifying plant species. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity among and within natural populations of Pitcairnia flammea, occurring in three fragments of the Atlantic Forest in the southern State of Espírito Santo through the use of inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. DNA samples from 55 individuals were amplified with 18 ISSR primers, generating 180 bands, 159 of which were polymorphic. The Shannon genetic diversity index ranged from 0.348 to 0.465, with an average of 0.412. The Bayesian approach for the molecular data indicated the existence of two genetic groups. Analysis of molecular variance indicated the existence of 90.3% diversity within the population and 9.74% among populations. The amount of genetic differentiation of populations was moderate (0.0974), indicating that gene flow rates may be enough to counteract the effects of genetic drift. Greater genetic variability found in population B indicates that this area is an important source of genetic variability.
Assuntos
Bromeliaceae/genética , Variação Genética , Genética Populacional , Repetições de Microssatélites , Bromeliaceae/classificação , DNA de Plantas , Marcadores Genéticos , Genótipo , FilogeniaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Green coffee oil (GCO) has been used in cosmetic formulations due to its emollient and anti-ageing properties. However, there are insufficient studies about its safety when applied in cosmetic formulations. METHODS: Cytotoxicity of GCO and of formulations containing 2.5-15% of GCO was evaluated by the MTT reduction assay, in human keratinocytes. Formulations containing 15% of GCO and the vehicle were applied under in use conditions in the volar forearm of human volunteers during 3 days. Transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum water content and erythema index were evaluated each 24 h using biophysical techniques. The same formulations were probed for skin tolerance through a patch test. RESULTS: Neither pure GCO nor its formulations showed cytotoxic effects in concentrations up to 100 µg mL(-1) . Transepidermal water loss values showed a slight reduction when the formulation containing GCO was applied. Stratum corneum water content and erythema index did not show significant differences, as the results observed in the first day of the study were maintained throughout 3 days. None of the volunteers display any reaction after using an occlusive patch. CONCLUSION: The results obtained in the study indicate that GCO seems to be safe for topical applications and showed good skin compatibility under the experimental conditions of the study.