RESUMO
We report here the first complete transcriptome analysis of the dorsal (dDG) and ventral dentate gyrus (vDG) of a rat epilepsy model presenting a hippocampal lesion with a strict resemblance to classical hippocampal sclerosis (HS). We collected the dDG and vDG by laser microdissection 15 days after electrical stimulation and performed high-throughput RNA-sequencing. There were many differentially regulated genes, some of which were specific to either of the two sub-regions in stimulated animals. Gene ontology analysis indicated an enrichment of inflammation-related processes in both sub-regions and of axonal guidance and calcium signaling processes exclusively in the vDG. There was also a differential regulation of genes encoding molecules involved in synaptic function, neural electrical activity and neuropeptides in stimulated rats. The data presented here suggests, in the time point analyzed, a remarkable interaction among several molecular components which takes place in the damaged hippocampi. Furthermore, even though similar mechanisms may function in different regions of the DG, the molecular components involved seem to be region specific.
Assuntos
Giro Denteado/metabolismo , Epilepsia/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Esclerose Tuberosa/metabolismo , Animais , Giro Denteado/patologia , Epilepsia/patologia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Esclerose Tuberosa/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify questions sensitive and specific for staring spells of epileptic (absence seizures [AS]) or nonepileptic etiology to increase the yield of history taking. STUDY DESIGN: A questionnaire was completed by parents of 40 children who presented with staring spells. Results from 17 children with AS and 23 with nonepileptic staring (NES) were compared. RESULTS: Features with moderate sensitivity (43% to 56%) but high specificity (87% to 88%) for NES included preserved responsiveness to touch, lack of interruption of playing, and initial identification by a teacher or health professional. These features were more frequent in NES than in AS (P = .013, .016, .030). Body rocking occurred only in NES, but sensitivity was low (13%). Features with high specificity (91% to 100%) for AS included limb twitches, upward eye movements, and urinary incontinence; but sensitivities were low (13% to 35%). CONCLUSION: In children with normal interictal electroencephalography findings and without neurologic disease, staring spells are most likely nonepileptic when parents report preserved responsiveness to touch, body rocking, or initial identification by a teacher or health professional without limb twitches, upward eye movements, interruption of play, or urinary incontinence. In these cases a diagnosis of NES may be confidently applied, with confirmation based on long-term follow-up.