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Relato de trajetória acadêmica, discente e docente, no qual estão presentes aspectos pessoais com ênfase no desenvolvimento simultâneo do autor e do Instituto Metodista de Ensino Superior. Processos subjetivos são descritos, apoiados nas memórias afetivas, enquanto se apontam aspectos da realidade externa do campus, cenários para as experiências de vida. Conceitos psicanalíticos servem de apoio para compreender as vivências e a trajetória, assinalando a importância da instituição na representação psíquica. (AU)

Report of academic journey as a student and teacher, stressing both the author’s personal development and the successful story of Instituto Metodista de Ensino Superior. Subjective processes are described supported by affective memories, while aspects of campus external reality (background to life experiences) are broached. Psychoanalytical concepts act as props to understand life stories and journeys, the importance of IMES in the psychic representation being pointed up. (AU)

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Obesity and sleep disorders in adolescence are strongly associated, and they impact both on the health and on quality of life (QL) in this age group. OBJECTIVE: To comparatively assess QL and sleep in obese and eutrophic adolescents, who are older than ten years of age. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including obese adolescents. This analysis was carried out between August 2009 and August 2010. The Control (eutrophic) Group comprised schoolchildren recruited from State schools in the city of Americana, in São Paulo State, Brazil. Instruments applied included a standardized questionnaire, the Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ), and the Pediatric QL Inventory (PedsQL TM 4.0). RESULTS: The obese adolescents had poorer QL on physical (p<0.001), emotional (p=0.03), and social (p=0.002) functioning domains. A difference in mean psychosocial functioning was found between the groups (p=0.009) with obese subjects having a mean score of 69.5 (±16.0) and in eutrophic individuals of 76.2 (±16.7). A greater number of sleep problems was evident in the Obese Group (p=0.03). Conclusions: The obese adolescents had an impaired QL and a higher frequency of sleep problems compared to the eutrophic subjects.

Obesidade e distúrbios do sono na adolescência estão amplamente associados, afetando a saúde e a qualidade de vida (QV) de tal grupo etário. OBJETIVO: Foi avaliar comparando a QV e o sono em adolescentes obesos e eutróficos maiores de dez anos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado entre agosto de 2009 e agosto de 2010, com adolescentes obesos. O Grupo Controle (eutróficos) foi constituído por estudantes da rede pública de ensino da cidade de Americana, em São Paulo. Foram utilizados ficha de identificação, Questionário do Comportamento do Sono (SBQ), Questionário de QV (PedsQL TM 4.0) como instrumentos. RESULTADOS: Os adolescentes obesos apresentaram QV inferior à dos controles nos domínios físico (p<0,001), emocional (p=0,03) e social (p=0,002). Houve diferença em relação à avaliação psicossocial entre obesos e eutróficos (médias de 69,5±16,0 e 76,2±16,7, respectivamente). O grupo de adolescentes obesos apresentou maior quantidade de distúrbios do sono (p=0,03). Conclusões: Adolescentes obesos apresentaram prejuízo na QV e maior quantidade de distúrbios do sono comparados aos indivíduos eutróficos.

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UNLABELLED: Obesity and sleep disorders in adolescence are strongly associated, and they impact both on the health and on quality of life (QL) in this age group. OBJECTIVE: To comparatively assess QL and sleep in obese and eutrophic adolescents, who are older than ten years of age. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including obese adolescents. This analysis was carried out between August 2009 and August 2010. The Control (eutrophic) Group comprised schoolchildren recruited from State schools in the city of Americana, in São Paulo State, Brazil. Instruments applied included a standardized questionnaire, the Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ), and the Pediatric QL Inventory (PedsQL TM 4.0). RESULTS: The obese adolescents had poorer QL on physical (p<0.001), emotional (p=0.03), and social (p=0.002) functioning domains. A difference in mean psychosocial functioning was found between the groups (p=0.009) with obese subjects having a mean score of 69.5 (±16.0) and in eutrophic individuals of 76.2 (±16.7). A greater number of sleep problems was evident in the Obese Group (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The obese adolescents had an impaired QL and a higher frequency of sleep problems compared to the eutrophic subjects.

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OBJECTIVES: To assess sleep characteristics of adolescents infected by HIV, and to ascertain whether psychosocial aspects are associated to the quality of sleep. METHODS: A cross-sectional study assessing 102 HIV-infected adolescents of both genders, aged between 10 and 20 years-old and 120 Controls. Data collection was performed by applying the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. RESULTS: A sleep disturbance prevalence of 77.4% was found in patients, and a 75% prevalence in controls, and there was correlation between quality of sleep and of life. HIV-infected adolescents scored higher for sleep breathing disorders and had higher prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected adolescents had similar quality of sleep compared to healthy adolescents. This may be explained by the steady improvements in daily living as a result of successful anti-retroviral therapy, and by the vulnerability that affects Brazilian adolescents living in major urban centers.

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OBJECTIVES: To assess sleep characteristics of adolescents infected by HIV, and to ascertain whether psychosocial aspects are associated to the quality of sleep. METHODS: A cross-sectional study assessing 102 HIV-infected adolescents of both genders, aged between 10 and 20 years-old and 120 Controls. Data collection was performed by applying the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. RESULTS: A sleep disturbance prevalence of 77.4% was found in patients, and a 75% prevalence in controls, and there was correlation between quality of sleep and of life. HIV-infected adolescents scored higher for sleep breathing disorders and had higher prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected adolescents had similar quality of sleep compared to healthy adolescents. This may be explained by the steady improvements in daily living as a result of successful anti-retroviral therapy, and by the vulnerability that affects Brazilian adolescents living in major urban centers.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar as características do sono de adolescentes infectados pelo HIV e estudar se os aspectos psicossociais estão associados à qualidade do sono. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, que avaliou 102 adolescentes, com idades entre 10 e 20 anos, infectados pelo HIV, e 120 controles, de ambos os gêneros. Para a coleta de dados, aplicaram-se: a Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, a Epworth Sleepiness Scale, e o Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se prevalência de distúrbios do sono em 77,4% dos pacientes e em 75% nos controles, e houve correlação entre qualidade do sono e de vida. Adolescentes HIV-positivos apresentaram maior pontuação nos distúrbios respiratórios do sono e maior prevalência de sonolência diurna excessiva. CONCLUSÕES: Adolescentes infectados pelo HIV apresentaram qualidade de sono semelhante à da população saudável. Isso provavelmente decorre pela melhora de suas condições de vida resultante do sucesso da terapia antirretroviral em pacientes HIV-positivos e pelas vulnerabilidades que afetam adolescentes brasileiros de grandes centros urbanos.

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OBJECTIVE: This pioneering study aimed to evaluate executive attention and working memory in Brazilian narcoleptic outpatients. METHODS: Narcoleptic group: 19 treated narcoleptic outpatients (13 F; 6 M) (mean age=37.58; SD = 8.93); control group: 19 subjects (15 F; 4 M) (mean age=34.42; SD=12.31). INSTRUMENTS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale - Brazilian Portuguese Version (ESS-BR), Victoria Stroop Test (VST), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS) of WAIS-III. RESULTS: Significant difference at Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) (p<0.001) and at working memory (p=0.009) with worse results for narcoleptic patients. Patients were slower at VST-1 (p=0.002), VST-2 (p=0.045) and at TMT-A (p=0.016), TMT-B (p=0.006) and B-A (p=0.024). CONCLUSION: Narcoleptic patients showed higher degrees of EDS, an impaired executive attention at a temporal level and lower performance in working memory when compared to normal controls.

OBJETIVO: Este estudo pioneiro teve como objetivo avaliar a atenção executiva e a memória de trabalho em pacientes brasileiros com narcolepsia. MÉTODOS: Grupo-estudo: 19 narcolépticos tratados (13 M; 6 H), com média de idade de 37,58 anos, DP=8,93; grupo-controle: 19 sujeitos (15 M; 4 H), com média de idade de 34,42 anos, DP=12,31. UTILIZARAM-SE: a Escala de Sonolência de Epworth-BR, Victoria Stroop Test (VST), Trail Making Test (TMT) e Sequência de Números e Letras (SNL) da WAIS-III. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença significativa nos graus de Sonolência Diurna Excessiva (SDE) (p<0,001) e na memória de trabalho (p=0,009), com piores resultados para o grupo-estudo. Do mesmo modo, verificaram-se tempos aumentados no grupo-estudo para execução do VST-1 (p=0,002), VST-2 (p=0,045) e TMT-A (p=0,016), e TMT-B (p=0,006) e B-A (p=0,024). CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes com narcolepsia apresentaram graus mais elevados de SDE, prejuízo na atenção executiva em nível temporal e desempenho inferior da memória de trabalho em relação aos sujeitos-controles.

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OBJECTIVE: This pioneering study aimed to evaluate executive attention and working memory in Brazilian narcoleptic outpatients. METHODS: Narcoleptic group: 19 treated narcoleptic outpatients (13 F; 6 M) (mean age=37.58; SD = 8.93); control group: 19 subjects (15 F; 4 M) (mean age=34.42; SD=12.31). INSTRUMENTS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale - Brazilian Portuguese Version (ESS-BR), Victoria Stroop Test (VST), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS) of WAIS-III. RESULTS: Significant difference at Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) (p<0.001) and at working memory (p=0.009) with worse results for narcoleptic patients. Patients were slower at VST-1 (p=0.002), VST-2 (p=0.045) and at TMT-A (p=0.016), TMT-B (p=0.006) and B-A (p=0.024). CONCLUSION: Narcoleptic patients showed higher degrees of EDS, an impaired executive attention at a temporal level and lower performance in working memory when compared to normal controls.

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Adolescence is a period in which youngsters have to make choices such as applying for university. The selection process is competitive, and it brings distress and anxiety, risk factors for the appearance of sleep disorders. OBJECTIVE: To verify the occurrence of sleep disorders in third-year high school and pre-university students. METHOD: This cross-sectional descriptive study comprised a sample of 529 students (M=241, F=288) from three public schools, four private schools and two pre-university courses - a middle-class neighborhood in the city of São Paulo - aged between 16 and 19 years old. We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) - a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: The participants (52.9 percent) took about 30 minutes to fall asleep, with an average of 306.4 minutes asleep, moderate daytime sleepiness (n=243, 45.9 percent) and indisposition (n=402, 75.9 percent) to develop the activities. The scores (M and F) were similar regarding problems that affect sleep. CONCLUSION: The investigated population showed sleep disorders and poor sleep quality.

A adolescência é tida como um período em que o jovem tem que fazer escolhas; a entrada na universidade é uma delas. O processo seletivo é concorrido, trazendo à tona angústia e ansiedade, fatores de risco para o surgimento de distúrbios do sono. OBJETIVO: Verificar a ocorrência de distúrbios do sono em estudantes do terceiro ano do ensino médio e de curso pré-vestibular. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, descritivo. A amostra de 529 estudantes (M=241; F=288) de três escolas públicas, quatro escolas privadas e dois cursos pré-vestibulares, de um bairro de classe média, da cidade de São Paulo, na faixa etária entre 16 e 19 anos. Utilizou-se o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP) - questionário padronizado. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que os participantes (52,9 por cento) levavam cerca de 30 minutos para dormir, com a média de 306,4 minutos dormidos, apresentavam sonolência diurna moderada (n=243, 45,9 por cento) e indisposição (n=402, 75,9 por cento) para desenvolver as atividades. Os escores (M e F) são semelhantes, no que se refere aos problemas que influenciam o sono. CONCLUSÃO: Existe a ocorrência de distúrbios do sono e má qualidade do sono na população estudada.

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UNLABELLED: The various kinds of work may interfere in the laborer's quality of sleep. Among the factors, the unemployment caused by the period between the coffee harvests on the agriculture of South Minas may influence the appearance of anxiety and depression symptoms, and it may cause impairments to the quality of life and changes in the rural laborers' pattern of sleep. OBJECTIVE: To appraise the sleep and the effects on the quality of life in the rural laborers in the period between the coffee harvests. METHOD: In the study-group, 40 patients, rural laborers, were evaluated, and in the control-group, 40 patients, fixed laborers. Instruments used: clinical interview, The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality, Index Beck Anxiety Inventory, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and World Health Organization Quality of Life. RESULTS: The study-group showed impairment in the quality of the sleep; anxiety and depression signals and symptoms were high in both groups; being them higher in the harvesters laborers; the quality of life presented good levels in both groups, with losses in the domain "social relationship" between the harvesters; the sleep disturbances influenced the appearance of anxiety and depression signs and symptoms, but they did not interfere in the perception of the quality of life. CONCLUSION: The rural laborers that have fixed labors are less exposed to the symptoms of anxiety and depression - along with sleep disorders - than the harvesters laborers. Thus, the study-group's perception of the quality of life is better than the control-group's.

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OBJETIVO: Revisar a literatura sobre insônia de crianças pequenas e seus aspectos relacionados às repercussões familiares, à abordagem pediátrica e ao seu tratamento. FONTES DE DADOS: Levantamento de publicações indexadas no Medline e Lilacs entre os anos de 1998 e 2008, rastreadas com a combinação dos descritores: "sleep", "insomnia", "child", "depression", "mother-child relationship", além de teses e capítulos de livros pertinentes ao assunto. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: A insônia da criança pequena, definida como dificuldade repetida em iniciar e/ou manter o sono, é queixa frequente na clínica pediátrica e usualmente traz repercussões nos pais relativas à privação de sono. Aos dois a três meses de idade, há condições biológicas para consolidação das horas de sono à noite; estando a conduta parental associada às dificuldades neste processo. Estudos demonstram que há associação entre insônia do bebê e depressão nas mães, e a insônia pode ser manifestação de dificuldades no desenvolvimento psíquico da criança pequena, que acontece na relação com sua mãe. CONCLUSÕES: O ritmo de sono nos bebês pode e deve estabelecer-se precocemente; os hábitos para o sono devem basear-se nas medidas de higiene do sono. A depressão nas mães, que pode contribuir para a insônia do bebê, idealmente poderia ser detectada pelo pediatra, prevenindo esse comprometimento das mães e de seus bebês.

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on insomnia in small children, its aspects related to effects on parents, pediatric approach and treatment. DATA SOURCES: A survey of publications indexed in Medline and Lilacs between the years 1998 and 2008, searched through the combination of the descriptors "sleep", "insomnia", "child", "depression", "mother-child relationship", besides thesis and chapters of books concerning the subject. DATA SYNTHESIS: The small child insomnia, defined as repeated difficulty in initiating and/or maintaining sleep, is a common complaint in the pediatric clinic, and usually entails repercussions on parents related to sleep deprivation. At about two to three months of age, there are already biological conditions for consolidating sleep hours during the night. Parental behavior is associated to difficulties to establish this process. Studies point out that baby's insomnia and mother's depression are closely related. Probably, the insomnia is a sign of the difficulties in the small child's psychic development in the context of mother-child relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Rhythmic sleep in babies can and should be established early in life; sleep habits should be built on rules of sleep hygiene. Mother's depression, which may contribute to baby's insomnia, should ideally be detected by pediatricians, thus preventing such suffering for mothers and babies.

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