RESUMO
Treatment of peripheral nerve injury is not always satisfactory. To improve results, specific adjuvant methods have been used, such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and vein conduits. The goal of this study was to assess whether use of PRF and vein conduits after nerve suture improves nerve regeneration as measured by a functional score and histomorphometry analysis. Ten isogenic spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly assigned to 4 experimental procedures: 1) Sham group (n = 10); 2) Nerve graft (NG) group (n = 10); 3) Nerve graft covered with a vein conduit (NGVC) (n = 10); and 4) Nerve graft covered with a vein conduit pre-filled with PRF (NGVCP) (n = 10). Nerve repair results were evaluated on: sciatic functional index (SFI) at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days; morphometric and morphologic analysis of the distal nerve; and histological analysis of Fluoro-Gold® stained motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Compared to the Sham control group, the NGVC and NGVCP groups exhibited lower SFI on all measures. The NGVC group showed improvement in SFI at day 90, which was significant compared to the NG group. Fiber and axon diameters were comparable in the NGVC and NGVCP groups, which were both significantly lower than in the Sham and NG groups. Significant improvement was expected with PRF, but in fact the release of factors from this substance was not as effective as hoped.
Assuntos
Traumatismos dos Nervos Periféricos , Fibrina Rica em Plaquetas , Ratos , Animais , Nervo Isquiático/cirurgia , Nervo Isquiático/lesões , Nervo Isquiático/fisiologia , Veias/transplante , Traumatismos dos Nervos Periféricos/cirurgia , Regeneração Nervosa/fisiologiaRESUMO
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic signatures of suspended particulate organic matter and seawater biological oxygen demand (BOD) were measured along a coastal transect during summer 2015 to investigate pollution impacts of a high-discharge submarine sewage outfall close to Salvador, Brazil. Impacts of untreated sewage discharge were evident at the outfall site by depleted δ(13)Corg and δ(15)N signatures and 4-fold increased BOD rates. Pollution effects of a sewage plume were detectable for more than 6km downstream from the outfall site, as seasonal wind- and tide-driven shelf hydrodynamics facilitated its advective transport into near-shore waters. There, sewage pollution was detectable at recreational beaches by depleted stable isotope signatures and elevated BOD rates at high tides, suggesting high bacterial activity and increased infection risk by human pathogens. These findings indicate the urgent necessity for appropriate wastewater treatment in Salvador to achieve acceptable standards for released effluents and coastal zone water quality.
Assuntos
Esgotos , Qualidade da Água , Brasil , Monitoramento Ambiental , Água do Mar/microbiologiaRESUMO
We report a case of botfly myiasis presenting as an ankle cellulitis in a teenager returning from Guyana. Main clinical features and therapeutic approaches are described.
Assuntos
Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/diagnóstico , Miíase/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Animais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Argentina , Dípteros , França , Guiana , Humanos , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/tratamento farmacológico , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , México , Miíase/tratamento farmacológico , Miíase/transmissão , ViagemRESUMO
Clostridium chauvoei and C. septicum have similar characteristics as far as results from biochemical methods and gas chromatography (GC) are concerned. A total of 267 samples collected from sick or dead animals in the fields from Northeast Mexico, were bacteriologically analysed and differentiated by the GC technique. From these strains, 16 belong to the group of C. chauvoei/C. septicum. Studies on the effect of toxin on cell cultures of the lines EBL, 3T3, BHK21-BSR/PK5/88, CHO-K1 and MDCK were performed. The objective was to obtain further data for identification, as the results from GC do not allow exact differentiation between C. chauvoei and C. septicum species. The results were obtained in tests with BHK21-BSR/PK5/88 cells as this had proved to be the most sensitive cell line, closely followed by 3T3 and CHO-K1 cells. MDCK cells were of little sensitivity. Results of the cytotoxin test of the 16 strains were reproducible and suggested a differentiation between C. chauvoei and C. septicum other than indicated by GC. The cytotoxin test is a highly specific system that provides also an additional method to distinguish between C. chauvoei and C. septicum strains.
Assuntos
Bioensaio , Células Cultivadas/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Clostridium/microbiologia , Clostridium/isolamento & purificação , Citotoxinas/farmacologia , Animais , Toxinas Bacterianas/farmacologia , Células CHO/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Gasosa , Clostridium/metabolismo , Infecções por Clostridium/diagnóstico , Infecções por Clostridium/epidemiologia , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Cães , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Humanos , Mesocricetus , México/epidemiologia , Camundongos , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Within the framework of an extensive research programme, the socio-economic and environmental conditions which influence the emergence of soil-borne diseases in north-eastern Mexico were analysed. Furthermore, specimens collected from carcasses in the field were bacteriologically examined and the causal organisms of soil-borne diseases differentiated by means of gas chromatographic analysis of their metabolic products and the long-chained fatty acids contained in the cell. With experimental clostridial vaccines prepared with the Goettingen Bioreactor Technique, trials to protect cattle and guinea-pigs against gas gangrene were carried out. It was found that the farm structure and the dry climate as well as the specific soil conditions and plant cover favour the emergence of soil-borne diseases. Causal organisms B. anthracis, C. perfringens, C. sordellii, C. haemolyticum, C. chauvoei/septicum, C. novyi A, C. botulinum and site-specific field strains of clostridia were detected. Experimental site-specific vaccines proved to be highly efficient in protecting cattle and guinea pigs.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Infecções por Clostridium/veterinária , Clostridium/isolamento & purificação , Meio Ambiente , Microbiologia do Solo , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Vacinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Vacinas Bacterianas/normas , Vacinas Bacterianas/uso terapêutico , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/etiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Cromatografia Gasosa/veterinária , Clostridium/classificação , Clostridium/imunologia , Infecções por Clostridium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/etiologia , Gangrena Gasosa/imunologia , Gangrena Gasosa/prevenção & controle , Gangrena Gasosa/veterinária , Cobaias , Incidência , México/epidemiologia , Pasteurella/imunologia , Infecções por Pasteurella/imunologia , Infecções por Pasteurella/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Pasteurella/veterinária , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
During an outbreak of influenza A/Brazil/78 H1N1 infection, 47 volunteers with clinical and virological influenza of less than 2 days duration were treated in a randomized double-blind fashion for 5 days with 100 or 200 mg of amantadine daily or with 3.25 g of aspirin daily. The aspirin treatment group defervesced more rapidly (10.3 h versus 21.5 h and 23.6 h; P less than 0.01), but by the second daily follow-up visit, both groups of amantadine recipients exhibited greater symptomatic improvement. Bothersome side effects resulted in discontinuation of therapy by 35% of the aspirin treatment group but only 3% of the amantadine treatment group (P less than 0.05). Individuals who present to a physician during an influenza A epidemic with characteristic symptoms will experience symptomatic benefit from amantadine treatment, with negligible toxicity.
Assuntos
Amantadina/uso terapêutico , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Febre/tratamento farmacológico , Influenza Humana/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Amantadina/efeitos adversos , Aspirina/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , MasculinoRESUMO
Although influenza A/H1N1 virus has caused both sporadic illness and epidemics throughout the world, there have been few cases and no outbreaks reported in older persons. Using a surveillance program for detection of viral respiratory tract illness, we documented an outbreak of influenza (A/Brazil/78(H1N1) infection in one floor of a chronic disease hospital. We prospectively studied all 32 patients and 16 personnel on that floor. Infection was proved in 11 subjects by serology and/or virus isolation, including 9 patients (median age, 84 yr) and 2 personnel (36 and 58 yr of age), for attack rates of 28% and 12.5%, respectively. Six patients had fever, 38 degrees C to 39 degrees C, lasting for 1 to 5 days (median, 4), and/or respiratory and constitutional symptoms lasting for 2 to 17 days (median, 13). Bacterial pneumonia occurred in 1 patient 12 days after the onset of upper respiratory tract illness. Risk factors for acquisition of infection in patients included a nonvaccinated state (p = 0.03) and a preinfection antibody titer of less than or equal to 32 (p = 0.02). These findings indicate that older persons are at risk for infection with influenza A/H1N1 virus, which may also cause outbreaks of respiratory illness in the elderly institutionalized population similar to other influenza viruses.