RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by non-scaring hair loss and preservation of hair follicles. The information available on disease course, and clinical features of AA is scarce worldwide, and almost nonexistent in Colombia. OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with AA who presented to a dermatology consultation in five Colombian cities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective and multicenter study on data from an ongoing National Registry of Alopecia Areata in Colombia (RENAAC) collected in Bogota, Cali, Cartagena, Barranquilla, and Medellin, Colombia from March 2022 through April 2023. Data was recorded in a standardized form by trained physicians. The variables were expressed as measures of central tendency and dispersion, and absolute and relative frequencies. RESULTS: A total of 562 patients were included, 59.4% of whom were women, aged between 15 and 49 years (63.9%) with a mean disease course of 1.7 years. The most common finding was multiple plaque (53.2%), the predominant AA subtype was patchy (71.4%), and 29.5% of the patients had a past dermatological history, 18.3% had a past endocrinological history, and 8.9% had a past psychiatric history. The treatments most widely used were steroid injections (76.4%), 5% topical minoxidil (46.4%), followed by high-potency corticosteroids (42.5%). STUDY LIMITATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS: AA was slightly predominant in women. As seen in other populations, this disease had an earlier onset in men vs women. Presentation in pediatric age was uncommon. The previous history of other dermatological diseases was checked in almost one third of the patients. Analysis of the co-presentation of AA with other autoimmune diseases is biased due to excluding patients with systemic erythematous lupus from the study.
RESUMO
The extensive nucleotide sequence heterogeneity among independent genotypes of wild polioviruses permits the systematic design of genotype-specific molecular reagents. We have prepared two sets of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer pairs specific for the genotype of wild poliovirus type 3 recently endemic to Mexico and Guatemala. Nucleotide sequences of a representative wild type 3 virus isolated in Mexico in 1989 differed from the corresponding Sabin 3 (Leon 12 a1b) sequences at 167 of 900 positions within the VP1 region. From the sequence data, wild virus-specific primer pairs were designed to complement regions of high mismatch (greater than 33%) with Sabin 3 templates. Primer binding sites were spaced along the genome so that the predicted amplification products (142 bp and 163 bp) could be easily resolved electrophoretically from the products generated with our Sabin strain-specific primers (Sabin 1: 97 bp; Sabin 2: 71 bp; Sabin 3: 53 bp). RNAs of all wild type 3 poliovirus isolates from Mexico and Guatemala obtained over a 13-year period (1977-1990) served as efficient templates for amplification of the 142-bp and 163-bp products. Genomic templates derived from vaccine-related polioviruses and most heterologous wild polioviruses were inactive under equivalent reaction conditions. Amplifications generating a 114-bp product with a broadly reacting primer pair, matching highly conserved sequences in the 5'-noncoding region, provided a positive control for the presence in samples of poliovirus (or enterovirus) RNAs. Selective amplification of wild Mexico-Guatemala type 3 poliovirus sequences was obtained with either primer set in reactions containing large stoichiometric excesses (up to 10(6)-fold) of vaccine-related RNAs. We have used wild genotype-specific PCR primer sets to facilitate identification of wild polioviruses present in both clinical and environmental samples.
Assuntos
DNA de Cadeia Simples/genética , Poliovirus/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , RNA Viral/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , Sítios de Ligação/genética , Genótipo , Guatemala , México , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Vacina Antipólio Oral/genética , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
With the massive vaccination campaigns with the inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine starting in 1955 and its oral presentation in 1961, this disease has been controlled in many countries. However, wild polio virus is still transmitted in many developing countries. The study reported in this article had the objectives of estimating the prevalence of antibodies against polio for three types of virus (1, 2 and 3) in the population from 12 to 59 months of age in Mexico and determining the factors associated with the absence of immunity. One section of the National Seroepidemiology Survey (NSS), a study with a representative sample of the Mexican population, included the analysis of 5,260 blood samples for polio seropositivity. These samples were processed using the technique of plaque-reduction-neutralization, with the cut-off for positive titer values at 1:8. The national immunity levels reported for the three types of polio virus were: type 1 (89.8%); type 2 (97.6%); and type 3 (85.4%). The state with the lowest seroprevalence was Campeche, with 59.7 per cent, and the highest observed was Baja California Sur, with 93.0 per cent. The NSS also showed that the immunity level increases with age. There were some differences observed by place of residence; seroprevalences were higher in the urban areas (type one, 93.4%; type two, 98.5% and type three, 88.2%) than in the rural zones (86.6%, 96.8% and 82.9%, respectively). As expected, previous vaccination with three or more doses, referred verbally by the parent or guardian of the child, was associated with higher positivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Poliomielite/epidemiologia , Poliovirus/imunologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Poliomielite/prevenção & controle , Vacina Antipólio Oral , Prevalência , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , VacinaçãoAssuntos
Hepatite Viral Humana/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/complicações , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/epidemiologia , Hepatite Viral Humana/epidemiologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina M/análise , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Sarampo/complicações , Sarampo/epidemiologia , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação TransfusionalRESUMO
The prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) was evaluated in sera from 275 asymptomatic infants and children under the age of five years and in 46 maternal-cord serum pairs, followed by sera obtained thereafter each month from the first to the fifth month of life in 29, 17, 9, 9 and 7 infants (a total of 163 serum samples). Anti-HAV was found in all cord blood sera, but its prevalence declined progressively to 0% among 19 infants aged eight months. Four (25%) of 16 children aged one year had positive anti-HAV and the antibody prevalence was 89% in children five years old. Recent hepatitis A infection shown by circulating anti-HAV immunoglobulin M was detected in five infants under the age of two months and with frequencies ranging from 19-67% in one- and five-year-old children. It was concluded that in children living in Mexico City, hepatitis A infections occur at an earlier age and at higher rates than in children in other cities, especially those in developed countries.
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Envelhecimento , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/imunologia , Hepatovirus/imunologia , Pré-Escolar , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/análise , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , MéxicoRESUMO
Se estudiaron 31 pacientes de la Ciudad de Cancun, Quintana Roo, que presentaban conjuntivitis hemorragica aguda (CHA) con objeto de identificar el agente etiologico de este brote epidemico. Se aislo un agente viral en ocho cultivos de celulas WI38 inoculadas con exudados o raspados conjuntivales. Al observar estos cultivos al microscopio electronico, se encontraron particulas virales con simetria cubica de 26 a 29 nm (picornavirus).Se demostro la elevacion en el titulo de anticuerpos o bien la presencia de estos a titulo elevado en diez sueros pares de los pacientes con CHA al ser desafiados contra la cepa J 670/71 del enterovirus 70. Los estudios citologicos del raspado conjuntival mostraron celulas con cuerpos de inclusion caracteristicos de una infeccion viral. Con estos resultados se demostro que la CHA de Cancun fue originada por el Enterovirus 70