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The objective with this study was to evaluate the libido and sexual behavior of Pantaneiro stallions in Brazil in two periods, the rainy and dry seasons. Their sexual behavior was evaluated during mating with mares in estrus, and the libido was scored for statistical analysis. The reaction time and time to mount and ejaculate were 78.1±64.6 s and 289.0 s, respectively. The most relevant events of sexual behavior observed in the Pantaneiro stallions were mounting without erection, mounting without ejaculation, smelling, and vocalizing. In general, the season did not affect the libido of stallions. Even with the high temperatures and humidity, which could cause thermal stress, the stallions showed good libido score during most of evaluations, with some individual differences. Pantaneiro stallions are able to breed mares during the entire year and could facilitate the breeding management to raise the number of Pantaneiro horses of the herds and optimize the use of the stallions during the breeding season, with more females per male.(AU)

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of environment on follicular diameter and repeatability of the size of preovulatory follicles of mares. Temperature, rainfall, and photoperiod were measured, and their effects were evaluated on follicular dynamics. Data were studied by analysis of variance of follicular size and environment traits. During the five years, 7% double ovulations and 159 anovulatory follicles were recorded. Mean preovulatory follicle diameters of left and right ovaries were 39.3±3.8 and 39.2±3.5 mm respectively. There was no effect of evaluation year on follicular diameter. Reproduction season affected the right preovulatory follicle diameter. There was no effect of temperature and rainfall on follicular diameter. Repeatability values of the preovulatory follicular diameter were low. In the subtropical climate studied, temperature and rainfall caused no effect on follicular dynamics, and photoperiod had only a small effect on dominant preovulatory follicular diameter. Repeatability of follicular diameter was low, so this characteristic should be evaluated daily to predict ovulation and the optimal time to inseminate mares.(AU)

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PURPOSE: This study aimed to associate DNA variants in promoter and exon flanking regions of the CYP19A1 gene with in vitro embryo production traits in cattle. The role of transcription factor binding sites created or lost due to DNA sequence variation and their possible effect on gene expression was also evaluated. METHODS: We collected date from Gyr dairy oocyte donor cows (Bos taurus indicus) at a commercial in vitro embryo production farm and analyzed the genotype-phenotype association with in vitro production traits. Using Sanger sequencing and web-based software, we assessed important CYP19A1 gene regions in oocyte donor cows and analyzed the effects of variants on the transcription factor binding sites. RESULTS: Two SNP mutations significantly associated with oocyte production, oocyte viability, embryo development, and pregnancies were found (T > C in the untranslated exon 1 flanking region ([GenBank: AJ250379.1]: rs718446508 T > C), and a T > C in the 5'-upstream region (1.1 promoter) ([GenBank: AC_000167.1]: rs41651668 T > C). Six new transcription factor binding sites were created. A binding site for transcription factors associated with the development of the placenta and embryo implantation was eliminated due to variations in the DNA sequence identified. CONCLUSIONS: The CYP19A1 gene contributes to genetic variation of in vitro embryo production traits in cattle. The complexity of the physiological phenomena related to estrogen pathways and their influence on reproduction in cattle allow indication of the mutations evaluated here as possible genetic markers for embryo production traits, which should be validated in the next steps of marker-assisted selection.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental effects on embryo recovery rate and pregnancy rate of Mangalarga Marchador mares. The reproductive characteristics of donor and recipient mares were evaluated during five years in Brazilian tropical environment. The mares were used throughout the year and seasons were classified as: October to April (breeding season - BS); May (autumn transition out of the breeding season - ATBS); June to August (non-breeding season - nBS); and September (vernal transition into the breeding season - VTBS). Daily temperature rainfall and hours of daylight (photoperiod) were measured during all months and years of evaluation. The embryo recovery rate (ERR) and the pregnancy rate (PR) were observed and frequencies were calculated. The effect of environmental variables, day of flushing, and hormonal treatments (estradiol benzoate and progesterone) were determined for the reproductive measures using the Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Significant effects were noted of the year, season and temperature on ERR (P < 0.05), but no significant effects were observed of the environmental parameters (year, season, hormone treatment, rainfall and photoperiod) on PR (P > 0.05). The day of uterine flush affected ERR (P < 0.05) but did not affect PR (P > 0.05). In addition, hormone treatment also supported favorable results of PR in recipient mares during nBS. The conclusion is that mares of this breed can be used in reproduction all year long, with good pregnancy rates, in Brazil's tropical environment. The hormone treatment also supported favorable pregnancy rates in recipient mares during the non-breeding season. It seems that mares can have good pregnancy rates throughout the year in Brazil´s tropical environment.

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Evaluation of the testis size is very important in stallions’ selection, since it is an indirect determinant of their reproductive potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biometric testicular traits, calculate the volume testicular and analyze the serum testosterone concentration of the stallion. During six months were measured the tests of adults Brazilian Ponies stallions from northern of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The length, the width and the height of the testicles (TL, TW and TH) were measured. From these measurements, the total testicular volume (TTV) was calculated. The serum testosterone concentration was also evaluated. The data were studied by analysis of variance and were calculated the correlations among the traits. The average of the testis biometry were TL 5.8 ± 0.6 cm; TW 3.8 ± 0.5 cm; TH 4.7 ± 0.4 cm and 111.2 ± 27.7 for TTV. Mean of serum testosterone concentration was 0.89 ± 0.52 ng/dl. High correlations between biometry testicular traits with testicular volume were observed and low to moderate correlations were observed for testicular traits, testosterone and sperm output. The testis size could be an important trait that assists to the prediction of stallion's reproductive potential of the Brazilian ponies stallions. It is suggested that there would be no fluctuation in serum testosterone concentration in Brazilian ponies stallions that coult afect on its fertility.

Avaliação do tamanho dos testículos é muito importante na seleção de garanhões, uma vez que é um determinante indireto do seu potencial reprodutivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características de biometria testiculares, calcular o volume testicular e analisar a concentração sérica de testosterona de garanhões. Durante seis meses, foram medidos os testículos de garanhões Pôneis da raça Brasileiro adultos, criados no Norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. O comprimento a largura e a altura dos testículo (TL, TW e TH) foram mensurados. A partir dessas medidas, calculou-se o volume testicular total (TTV). Os dados foram avaliados por análise de variância e foram calculadas as correlações entre as características. A média geral das características de biometria testicular e volume testicular foram: TL 5,8 ± 0,6 cm; TW 3,8 ± 0,5 cm; TH 4,7 ± 0,4 cm e TTV 111.2 ± 27,7. A média de concentração sérica de testosterona foi de 0,89 ± 0,52 ng/dl. Altas correlações foram observadas entre as características de biometria testicular e volume testicular. Baixas a médias correlações entre as características testiculares com produção espermática e com concentração de testosterona foram observadas. O tamanho testicular pode ser uma importante característica que auxilia na predição do potencial reprodutivo do garanhão pôneis da raça Brasileira. Sugere-se que não há variações na concentração sérica de testosterona nos pôneis da raça Brasileira que poderia afetar em sua fertilidade.

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RESUMO

Evaluation of the testis size is very important in stallions selection, since it is an indirect determinant of their reproductive potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biometric testicular traits, calculate the volume testicular and analyze the serum testosterone concentration of the stallion. During six months were measured the tests of adults Brazilian Ponies stallions from northern of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The length, the width and the height of the testicles (TL, TW and TH) were measured. From these measurements, the total testicular volume (TTV) was calculated. The serum testosterone concentration was also evaluated. The data were studied by analysis of variance and were calculated the correlations among the traits. The average of the testis biometry were TL 5.8 ± 0.6 cm; TW 3.8 ± 0.5 cm; TH 4.7 ± 0.4 cm and 111.2 ± 27.7 for TTV. Mean of serum testosterone concentration was 0.89 ± 0.52 ng/dl. High correlations between biometry testicular traits with testicular volume were observed and low to moderate correlations were observed for testicular traits, testosterone and sperm output. The testis size could be an important trait that assists to the prediction of stallion's reproductive potential of the Brazilian ponies stallions. It is suggested that there would be no fluctuation in serum testosterone concentration in Brazilian ponies stallions that coult afect on its fertility.(AU)

Avaliação do tamanho dos testículos é muito importante na seleção de garanhões, uma vez que é um determinante indireto do seu potencial reprodutivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características de biometria testiculares, calcular o volume testicular e analisar a concentração sérica de testosterona de garanhões. Durante seis meses, foram medidos os testículos de garanhões Pôneis da raça Brasileiro adultos, criados no Norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. O comprimento a largura e a altura dos testículo (TL, TW e TH) foram mensurados. A partir dessas medidas, calculou-se o volume testicular total (TTV). Os dados foram avaliados por análise de variância e foram calculadas as correlações entre as características. A média geral das características de biometria testicular e volume testicular foram: TL 5,8 ± 0,6 cm; TW 3,8 ± 0,5 cm; TH 4,7 ± 0,4 cm e TTV 111.2 ± 27,7. A média de concentração sérica de testosterona foi de 0,89 ± 0,52 ng/dl. Altas correlações foram observadas entre as características de biometria testicular e volume testicular. Baixas a médias correlações entre as características testiculares com produção espermática e com concentração de testosterona foram observadas. O tamanho testicular pode ser uma importante característica que auxilia na predição do potencial reprodutivo do garanhão pôneis da raça Brasileira. Sugere-se que não há variações na concentração sérica de testosterona nos pôneis da raça Brasileira que poderia afetar em sua fertilidade.(AU)

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the breeding behavior of Brazilian Pony stallions during semen collection to examine the effect of age category (AC) and month of evaluation on the characteristics of breeding behavior. Nine stallions were evaluated during the breeding and non-breeding season, 5-8 (AC1) and 9-13 years (AC2) of age. The variables evaluated were reaction time (RT), mount time one (MT1) and two (MT2), mount and ejaculation time (MEjT), mounting without erection (MWEr), mounting without ejaculation (MWEj), flehmen, kicks, bites, smells, vocalizations and serum testosterone concentration. Analyses of variance and correlation were performed. The average scores were RT: 56.2±92.9s, MT1: 115.0±122.4s, MT2: 196.4±160.7s, MEjT: 21.8±3.2s, MWEr: 0.8±1.3s, MWEj: 2.1±3.5s, flehmen: 3.8±3.0s, kicks: 0.3±1.2s, bites: 1.0±2.0s, smells: 5.7±3.5s, vocalizations: 6.4±6.3s and testosterone: 0.89±0.52ng/mL. The AC affected the RT (P<0.05) but not the other traits. Month of evaluation did not affect most variables (P>0.05). The correlations between age and RT and between age and MT1 and MT2 were significant. The correlation between testosterone and MEjT was moderate and negative. The breeding behavior of Brazilian Pony stallions was similar across different months of evaluation and different age categories. The month of evaluation and age category also did not affect testosterone concentrations, meaning that semen collection is feasible throughout the year.

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O objetivo foi de verificar a correlação entre os escores de Famacha©, contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), volume globular (VG) e variáveis de desempenho, de ovelhas em diferentes estados fisiológicos (vazias, gestantes e lactantes), criadas no município de Quissamã, estado de Rio de Janeiro. O estudo foi realizado durante um ano, utilizando 60 fêmeas adultas da raça Santa Inês, criadas em sistema semiextensivo. A cada 14 dias foram coletadas, de cada animal, amostras de fezes e de sangue. Os animais também foram pesados (PV) e avaliados quanto ao escore de condição corporal (EC). Houve diferença significativa entre as características avaliadas devido ao estado fisiológico (p<0,05). Durante a fase de lactação, as ovelhas apresentam maiores valores de OPG e Famacha© e menores médias para PV, EC e VG. As correlações de maior magnitude foram entre OPG e VG (-0,40) nos três estados fisiológicos. As correlações entre PV, EC e OPG foram baixas (0,12 e -0,17), próximas de zero no final da gestação e na lactação. Em geral, a magnitude das correlações entre as características foi similar nos três estados fisiológicos. As correlações entre EC mostraram-se mais associadas às demais características, do que o peso do animal. Por apresentar uma correlação negativa média com o volume globular, o método Famacha© pode ser indicado como uma forma prática e sustentável de avaliar o grau de anemia dos ovinos após infecções por Haemonchus contortus, ovinos.(AU)

With the purpose of verifying the relationship between score Famacha©, fecal egg counts (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV) and performance variables of sheep in differences physiological status (empty, pregnant and lactation), breeding in Quissamã, Rio de Janeiro. The study was conducted during one year using 60 adult females of Santa Ines sheep, created in semi extensive system. In each 14 days were collected stool samples for parasitological examinations and blood samples for hematological examinations. The animals were also weighed and evaluated for body condition score. There were significant difference between the evaluated characteristics due to the physiological state (p<0,05). The correlations of greater magnitude presented were between FEC and VG (-0,40) in the three physiological states. The correlations between weight, body score, fecal eggs counts and packed cell volume were low (0,12 e -0,17), near to zero in late pregnancy and lactation. In general, the magnitude of the correlations between the characteristics were similar in the three physiological states. The body condition score were more associated with other characteristics than with the weight of the animal. By presenting a negative correlation with the average packed cell volume, the method Famacha© can be indicated as a practical and sustainable to assess the degree of anemia in sheep after infections with Haemonchus spp.(AU)

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O objetivo foi de verificar a correlação entre os escores de Famacha©, contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), volume globular (VG) e variáveis de desempenho, de ovelhas em diferentes estados fisiológicos (vazias, gestantes e lactantes), criadas no município de Quissamã, estado de Rio de Janeiro. O estudo foi realizado durante um ano, utilizando 60 fêmeas adultas da raça Santa Inês, criadas em sistema semiextensivo. A cada 14 dias foram coletadas, de cada animal, amostras de fezes e de sangue. Os animais também foram pesados (PV) e avaliados quanto ao escore de condição corporal (EC). Houve diferença significativa entre as características avaliadas devido ao estado fisiológico (p<0,05). Durante a fase de lactação, as ovelhas apresentam maiores valores de OPG e Famacha© e menores médias para PV, EC e VG. As correlações de maior magnitude foram entre OPG e VG (-0,40) nos três estados fisiológicos. As correlações entre PV, EC e OPG foram baixas (0,12 e -0,17), próximas de zero no final da gestação e na lactação. Em geral, a magnitude das correlações entre as características foi similar nos três estados fisiológicos. As correlações entre EC mostraram-se mais associadas às demais características, do que o peso do animal. Por apresentar uma correlação negativa média com o volume globular, o método Famacha© pode ser indicado como uma forma prática e sustentável de avaliar o grau de anemia dos ovinos após infecções por Haemonchus contortus, ovinos.

With the purpose of verifying the relationship between score Famacha©, fecal egg counts (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV) and performance variables of sheep in differences physiological status (empty, pregnant and lactation), breeding in Quissamã, Rio de Janeiro. The study was conducted during one year using 60 adult females of Santa Ines sheep, created in semi extensive system. In each 14 days were collected stool samples for parasitological examinations and blood samples for hematological examinations. The animals were also weighed and evaluated for body condition score. There were significant difference between the evaluated characteristics due to the physiological state (p<0,05). The correlations of greater magnitude presented were between FEC and VG (-0,40) in the three physiological states. The correlations between weight, body score, fecal eggs counts and packed cell volume were low (0,12 e -0,17), near to zero in late pregnancy and lactation. In general, the magnitude of the correlations between the characteristics were similar in the three physiological states. The body condition score were more associated with other characteristics than with the weight of the animal. By presenting a negative correlation with the average packed cell volume, the method Famacha© can be indicated as a practical and sustainable to assess the degree of anemia in sheep after infections with Haemonchus spp.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with silage made from sugarcane alone or mulberry and sugarcane on the gastrointestinal nematodes and hematological parameters in peripartum Santa Inês ewes. Three groups, each of 15 ewes, were supplemented with either 100 % sugarcane silage or sugarcane silage and mulberry at ratios of either 75:25 or 50:50. The variables analyzed were weight, body condition, packed cell volume, total plasma protein, hemoglobin, total leukocytes, eosinophils, and number of parasite eggs per gram of feces. All variables were measured individually every 14 days, making ten samples per ewe. Diets with sugarcane added to different proportions of mulberry branches did not influence the blood and parasitological parameters of Santa Inês sheep naturally infected in the peripartum period.

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