RESUMO
Understanding the brain response to thermal stimuli is crucial in the sensory experience. This study focuses on non-painful thermal stimuli, which are sensations induced by temperature changes without causing discomfort. These stimuli are transmitted to the central nervous system through specific nerve fibers and are processed in various regions of the brain, including the insular cortex, the prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex. Despite the prevalence of studies on painful stimuli, non-painful thermal stimuli have been less explored. This research aims to bridge this gap by investigating brain functional connectivity during the perception of non-painful warm and cold stimuli using electroencephalography (EEG) and the partial directed coherence technique (PDC). Our results demonstrate a clear contrast in the direction of information flow between warm and cold stimuli, particularly in the theta and alpha frequency bands, mainly in frontal and temporal regions. The use of PDC highlights the complexity of brain connectivity during these stimuli and reinforces the existence of different pathways in the brain to process different types of non-painful warm and cold stimuli.
Assuntos
Encéfalo , Eletroencefalografia , Humanos , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Masculino , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Temperatura Baixa , Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Temperatura Alta , Dor , Sensação Térmica/fisiologiaRESUMO
Spinocellular carcinoma is a tumor lesion that frequently occurs in photo-exposed areas, presenting characteristics such as keratinization, scaly areas and even ulcerations. Its potential for metastasis makes early identification and diagnosis essential in order to carry out correct treatment of said lesion. In the spectrum of spinocelullar carcinomas is Keratoacanthoma, which has been in debate about its origin and its benignity. We present the clinical evolution, treatment, results, and bibliographic review of a keratoacanthoma.
El carcinoma espinocelular es una lesión tumoral que se da frecuentemente en zonas foto-expuestas, presentando características tales como queratinización, zonas descamativas e incluso ulceraciones. Su potencial de metástasis hace imprescindible la identificación y diagnóstico precoz para poder realizar un correcto tratamiento de dicha lesión. Dentro de su espectro se encuentra el Queratoacantoma, el cual ha estado en debate sobre su origen y su benignidad. Nosotros presentamos la evolución clínica, tratamiento, resultados y revisión bibliográfica de un queratoacantoma.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/cirurgia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/diagnóstico por imagem , Ceratoacantoma , Tumor de Células Granulares/cirurgia , Tumor de Células Granulares/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Resumo Objetivo: descrever as características dos casos de COVID-19 relacionados ao trabalho notificados no Brasil, em 2020 e 2021. Métodos: estudo descritivo com dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan). Foram calculadas as frequências de casos segundo variáveis sociodemográficas, ocupacionais e epidemiológicas. Resultados: nos anos de 2020 e 2021, foram notificados 36.110 e 34.508 casos de COVID-19 relacionados ao trabalho, respectivamente. Considerando os dois anos, houve maior frequência de notificações de casos de indivíduos do sexo feminino (65,1%), de raça/cor da pele preta e parda (42,1%) e na faixa etária de 30 a 39 anos (32,8%). A região Nordeste concentrou 28,4% dos casos notificados. Houve emissão de comunicação de acidente de trabalho (CAT) em 13,5% dos casos notificados, com elevada proporção de informação ausente para essa variável (42,6%). As categorias ocupacionais com mais notificações foram técnicos de nível médio (31,0%) e profissionais de ciências e artes (23,7%). A evolução cura foi a mais frequente nos dois anos analisados (2020: 72,0%; 2021: 68,0%). Conclusão: os resultados apontam para um perfil de casos com predominância de mulheres, trabalhadores(as) de raça/cor da pele preta e parda e com idades entre 30 e 39 anos. Destaca-se, ainda, a baixa completude das notificações.
Abstract Objective: to describe the characteristics of work-related COVID-19 cases reported in Brazil between 2020 and 2021. Methods: descriptive study using secondary data collected from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). Frequency was calculated according to sociodemographic, occupational and epidemiological variables. Results: in the years 2020 and 2021, a total of 36,110 and 34,508 work-related COVID-19 cases were reported, respectively. Considering both years, there was a higher frequency of notifications for female individuals (65.1%), black and mixed-race (42.1%), from the age group 30 to 39 years (32.8%). The Northeast region accounted for 28.4% of the reported cases. Work Accident Report (CAT) was issued in 13.5% of the reported cases, with a high percentage of missing information for this variable (42.6%). Middle-level technicians (31.0%) and professionals in sciences and the arts (23.7%) accounted for most notifications. Cure was the most prevalent outcome in both years (2020: 72.0%; 2021: 68.0%). Conclusion: the results point to a predominant profile of cases among women, black and mixed-race individuals, and those aged between 30 and 39 years. The low completeness of notifications is noteworthy.
RESUMO
In northwestern Argentina, sugarcane-derived industrial fermentation is being extensively used for bioethanol production, where highly adaptive native strains compete with the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae traditionally used as starter culture. Yeast populations of 10 distilleries from Tucumán (Argentina) were genotypic and phenotypic characterized to select well-adapted bioethanol-producing autochthonous strains to be used as starter cultures for the industrial production of bioethanol fuel. From the 192 isolates, 69.8% were identified as S. cerevisiae, 25.5% as non-Saccharomyces, and 4.7% as Saccharomyces sp. wild yeasts. The majority of S. cerevisiae isolates (68.5%) were non-flocculating yeasts, while the flocculating strains were all obtained from the only continuous fermentation process included in the study. Simple Sequence Repeat analysis revealed a high genetic diversity among S. cerevisiae genotypes, where all of them were very different from the original baker's strain used as starter. Among these, 38 strains multi-tolerant to stress by ethanol (8%), temperature (42.5 °C) and pH (2.0) were obtained. No major differences were found among these strains in terms of ethanol production and residual sugars in batch fermentation experiments with cell recycling. However, only 10 autochthonous strains maintained their viability (more than 80%) throughout five consecutive cycles of sugarcane-based fermentations. In summary, 10 autochthonous isolates were found to be superior to baker's yeast used as starter culture (S. cerevisiae Calsa) in terms of optimal technological, physiological and ecological properties. The knowledge generated on the indigenous yeast populations in industrial fermentation processes of bioethanol-producing distilleries allowed the selection of well-adapted bioethanol-producing strains.
Assuntos
Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Saccharum , Etanol/metabolismo , Genótipo , Microbiologia Industrial , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , AçúcaresRESUMO
The work in the production of animal protein in slaughterhouses involves the exposure to several occupational risk factors. At present, it has been recently associated with the pandemic context related to the biological agent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The slaughterhouse sector has been shown to be a critical focus of concentration and spread of cases in Brazil and worldwide. Among the strategies adopted for worker's protection, there is a clear need for collective protection, supplemented by individual protection. With regard to SARS-CoV-2 and to the risk for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), respiratory protection is essential and well-established by the competent agencies and by the scientific community, since the respiratory route is considered the route of transmission and of risk of contagion. The aim of this review was to analyze the indication of use with regard to the frequency for changing respiratory protectors when working at slaughterhouses. The study involved a literature review, conducted on databases available on the internet. The search considered journal articles, dissertations, and theses published in Portuguese and English on scientific data bases from 2006 to 2020. Based on this review, it was possible to show that, in slaughterhouses, especially due to temperature and humidity conditions, facial respirator masks should be discarded after each work shift.
RESUMO
This study evaluated the effects of land-use change (L-UCH) on dung beetle community structure (Scarabaeinae) in a disturbed dry ecosystem in southern Ecuador. Five different L-UCH classes were analyzed by capturing the dung beetle species at each site using 120 pitfall traps in total. To determine dung beetle abundance and diversity at each L-UCH, a general linear model (GLM) and a redundancy analysis (RDA) were applied, which correlated environmental and edaphic conditions to the community structure. Furthermore, changes in dung-producing vertebrate fauna were examined, which varied significantly between the different L-UCH classes due to the specific anthropogenic use or level of ecosystem disturbance. The results indicated that soil organic matter, pH, potassium, and phosphorus (RDA: component 1), as well as temperature and altitude (RDA: component 2) significantly affect the abundance of beetles (GLM: p value < 0.001), besides the food availability (dung). The highest abundance and diversity (Simpson's index > 0.4, Shannon-Wiener index > 1.10) was found in highly disturbed sites, where soils were generally more compacted, but with a greater food supply due to the introduced farm animals. At highly disturbed sites, the species Canthon balteatus, Dichotomius problematicus, and Onthphagus confuses were found specifically, which makes them useful as bio-indicators for disturbed dry forest ecosystems in southern Ecuador.
RESUMO
Early life stress (ELS) affects hippocampal neurogenesis, increases depressive-like behavior, and causes mild metabolic imbalance in early adulthood (2 months). However, whether these effects worsen in mid life remains unclear. To test whether age-dependent effects of ELS on hippocampal neurogenesis are related to deficient hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis feedback that causes increased comorbidity of depression and metabolic risk, we evaluated the effects of periodic maternal separation (MS180) in young (4-months-old) and middle-aged (10-months-old) adult rats. MS180 caused more severe depressive-like behavior in middle-aged adults than in young animals. There were no behavioral phenotypic differences between young MS180 and control middle-aged groups. MS180 similarly affected glucose tolerance, increased fasting corticosterone, insulin, and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) at both ages. However, middle-aged adult MS180 rats showed more severe age-induced obesity (>40% BW) than controls (>22% BW). MS180 differentially affected dorsal and ventral neurogenesis. In young adults, MS180 animals only showed a decrease in dorsal hippocampal neurogenesis as compared to their age-matched counterparts. In contrast, at 10 months of age, MS180 caused a similar decrease in both dorsal and ventral hippocampal neurogenesis as compared to age-matched controls, and a more severe decrease as compared to young animals. Taken together, our data indicate that MS180 animals show an early onset of age-induced alterations on depression and metabolic risk, and these effects relate to alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis.
Assuntos
Depressão , Neurogênese , Estresse Psicológico , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Gravidez , Ratos , Fatores Etários , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Corticosterona/análise , Depressão/metabolismo , Depressão/fisiopatologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Proteína Duplacortina , Glucocorticoides/análise , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário , Privação Materna , Neurogênese/fisiologia , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to analyze the morphological structure of cardiac, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) of rats subjected to physical training with supplementation of caffeine. METHODS: 60 rats were divided into 4 groups: control (CO), control with caffeine (CAF), trained control (TRE) and trained with caffeine (TCAF). All trained groups underwent 4 weeks of swimming, and all caffeine groups were supplemented by voluntary ingestion of caffeine diluted in drinking water. RESULTS: there were no changes to BP and HR between groups. Regarding HRV, there was a decrease in LFnorm (low frequency) and LF/HF ratio (low and high frequency) in TCAF and CAF compared to group (p<0.02 and p<0.03, respectively). An increase occurred in CAF compared to the CO in the component LFnorm (p<0.05). The results also showed an increase in the relative weight of heart in the TRE (p<0.04) and TCAF (p<0.03) compared to CO. CONCLUSION: caffeine did not modify the hemodynamic responses. However, physical training resulted in a decrease in sympathetic response and an increase in relative heart weight.
Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Cafeína/farmacologia , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/farmacologia , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Coração/anatomia & histologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos Wistar , Natação/fisiologiaRESUMO
Objective to analyze the morphological structure of cardiac, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) of rats subjected to physical training with supplementation of caffeine. Methods 60 rats were divided into 4 groups: control (CO), control with caffeine (CAF), trained control (TRE) and trained with caffeine (TCAF). All trained groups underwent 4 weeks of swimming, and all caffeine groups were supplemented by voluntary ingestion of caffeine diluted in drinking water. Results there were no changes to BP and HR between groups. Regarding HRV, there was a decrease in LFnorm (low frequency) and LF/HF ratio (low and high frequency) in TCAF and CAF compared to group (p<0.02 and p<0.03, respectively). An increase occurred in CAF compared to the CO in the component LFnorm (p<0.05). The results also showed an increase in the relative weight of heart in the TRE (p<0.04) and TCAF (p<0.03) compared to CO. Conclusion caffeine did not modify the hemodynamic responses. However, physical training resulted in a decrease in sympathetic response and an increase in relative heart weight. .
Objetivo analisar a histologia cardíaca, a pressão arterial (PA), a frequência cardíaca (FC) e a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) de ratos submetidos a treinamento físico e suplementação de cafeína. Métodos sessenta ratos foram divididos em grupos controle (CO), controle suplementado com cafeína (CAF), treinados controle (TRE) e treinados suplementados com cafeína (TCAF). Os grupos de treinamento realizaram natação por quatro semanas, e os grupos de cafeína foram suplementados por ingestão voluntária de cafeína diluída em água. Resultados não houve modificações para PA e FC entre os grupos. Em relação à VFC, houve diminuição nos componentes LFnorm (baixa frequência) e LF/HF (razão baixa e alta frequência) em TCAF em relação a CAF (p<0,02 e p<0,03, respectivamente). Houve também aumento em CAF em relação a CO no componente LFnorm (p<0,05). Os resultados também mostraram aumento no peso relativo do coração em TRE (p<0,04) e TCAF (p<0,03) em relação a CO. Conclusão a cafeína não modificou as respostas hemodinâmicas. Entretanto, a natação diminuiu a resposta simpática e aumentou o peso relativo do coração. .
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Cafeína/farmacologia , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/farmacologia , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Coração/anatomia & histologia , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos Wistar , Natação/fisiologiaRESUMO
Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar a literatura sobre o comportamento na PA de repouso decorrente da ingestão crônica de cafeína, relacionando tal comportamento com possíveis mecanismos fisiológicos. Métodos: Foram realizadas buscas de artigos originais em inglês nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs e SciELO até novembro de 2009, utilizando os termos caffeine, blood pressure, heart rate, chronic effect e cardiovascular response. Resultados: De um total de 564 estudos, apenas 29 compuseram a presente revisão. Vários estudos não observaram aumento da PA em humanos (normotensos e hipertensos) ou ratos (normotensos). Entretanto, em ratos hipertensos, os resultados dos estudos convergiram para o aumento da PA de repouso. Conclusão: Mesmo com certas lacunas em relação aos possíveis mecanismos fisiológicos envolvidos nos ajustes cardiovasculares relacionados à cafeína, nossa conclusão sugere que pessoas com hipertensão arterial sistêmica tenham cautela quanto ao uso diário dessa substância...