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PURPOSE: Breast cancer is an important health problem, like obesity and dyslipidemia, with a strong association between body mass index (BMI) and breast cancer incidence and mortality. The risk of breast cancer is also high in women with high mammographic breast density (MBD). The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between BMI and MBD according to breast cancer molecular subtypes. METHODS: This transversal, descriptive, multicenter study was conducted at three Spanish breast cancer units from November 2019 to October 2020 in women with a recent diagnosis of early breast cancer. Data were collected at the time of diagnosis. RESULTS: The study included 162 women with a recent diagnosis of early breast cancer. The median age was 52 years and 49.1% were postmenopausal; 52% had normal weight, 32% overweight, and 16% obesity. There was no association between BMI and molecular subtype but, according to menopausal status, BMI was significantly higher in postmenopausal patients with luminal A (p = 0.011) and HER2-positive (p = 0.027) subtypes. There was no association between MBD and molecular subtype, but there were significant differences between BMI and MBD (p < 0.001), with lower BMI in patients with higher MBD. Patients with higher BMI had lower HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001) and higher insulin (p < 0.001) levels, but there were no significant differences in total cholesterol or vitamin D. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed higher BMI in luminal A and HER2-positive postmenopausal patients, and higher BMI in patients with low MBD regardless of menopausal status.

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Immunotherapy is one of the most innovative treatments in the current field of oncology and consists of stimulating the immune system to eliminate tumoral cells. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are glycoproteins secreted by B-cells capable of recognizing and neutralizing foreign organisms or antigens. Structurally, they are composed of two heavy and two light chains. The generation of therapeutic mAbs is one of the most developed and fastest-growing areas of the biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries and is an important adjunct to cancer therapy. Several antibodies have been approved for human administration and can be mouse-derived, chimeric, humanized, or fully human. mAbs main mechanism of action includes the lysis of the tumoral cells through inducing apoptosis, phagocytosis, complement activation, or signaling inhibition.

La inmunoterapia es un tratamiento innovador para la oncología actual, que consiste en la estimulación del sistema inmunitario para la eliminación de las células tumorales. Los anticuerpos monoclonales (mAbs) son glicoproteínas secretadas por los linfocitos B, capaces de reconocer y neutralizar organismos extraños o antígenos. Estructuralmente se componen de dos cadenas pesadas y dos cadenas ligeras. La generación de mAbs terapéuticos es una de las áreas de mayor crecimiento en la industria biotecnológica y farmacéutica y representa un complemento importante en la terapia del cáncer. Existen diversos mAbs que han sido aprobados para su administración en humanos, y pueden ser derivados de ratón, quiméricos, humanizados o completamente humanos. Los mecanismos de acción consisten principalmente en la lisis de las células tumorales a través de la inducción de la apoptosis, fagocitosis, activación del complemento o inhibición de la señalización celular.

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Abstract Immunotherapy is one of the most innovative treatments in the current field of oncology and consists of stimulating the immune system to eliminate tumoral cells. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are glycoproteins secreted by B-cells capable of recognizing and neutralizing foreign organisms or antigens. Structurally, they are composed of two heavy and two light chains. The generation of therapeutic mAbs is one of the most developed and fastest-growing areas of the biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries and is an important adjunct to cancer therapy. Several antibodies have been approved for human administration and can be mouse-derived, chimeric, humanized, or fully human. mAbs main mechanism of action includes the lysis of the tumoral cells through inducing apoptosis, phagocytosis, complement activation, or signaling inhibition.

Resumen La inmunoterapia es un tratamiento innovador para la oncología actual, que consiste en la estimulación del sistema inmunitario para la eliminación de las células tumorales. Los anticuerpos monoclonales (mAbs) son glicoproteínas secretadas por los linfocitos B, capaces de reconocer y neutralizar organismos extraños o antígenos. Estructuralmente se componen de dos cadenas pesadas y dos cadenas ligeras. La generación de mAbs terapéuticos es una de las áreas de mayor crecimiento en la industria biotecnológica y farmacéutica y representa un complemento importante en la terapia del cáncer. Existen diversos mAbs que han sido aprobados para su administración en humanos, y pueden ser derivados de ratón, quiméricos, humanizados o completamente humanos. Los mecanismos de acción consisten principalmente en la lisis de las células tumorales a través de la inducción de la apoptosis, fagocitosis, activación del complemento o inhibición de la señalización celular.

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Background: The highly stressful events we are currently experiencing require great cognitive and emotional effort and affect the mental health of the population. In this sense, coping with stress provides evidence of how people use their resources to cope with or avoid stressful events, which requires validated and reliable instruments to measure accurately. Objective: To determine the psychometric properties of reliability and validity of the BRIEF COPE 28, Spanish version. Method: The design used was instrumental; 530 people participated, 60% men and 40% women, between 18 and 60 years old, from different regions of Peru, selected by non-probability convenience sampling. Results: It is evident that the alpha coefficient of coping styles ranges from α ordinal = 0.74 to 0.82; while in strategies it was between α ordinal = 0.59 to 0.90. In terms of internal structure, the four-factor model obtained a good fit SB-χ²/gl=1.836; CFI=0.92; TLI=0.90, SRMS=0.09 and RMSEA=0.10. A good fit was found with the ten coping strategies model SB-χ²/gl=1.902; CFI=0.96; TLI=0.95, SRMS=0.056, RMSEA=0.069. Conclusion: COPE 28 has good internal consistency; and the model with the four coping styles is inconclusive, while the model with ten strategies has adequate goodness of fit.

Introducción: Los acontecimientos altamente estresantes que vivimos actualmente demandan gran esfuerzo cognitivo y emocional y afectan la salud mental de la población; en este sentido el afrontamiento al estrés proporciona evidencia de cómo las personas recurren a sus recursos para afrontar o evadir los eventos estresantes, lo cual necesita de instrumentos validados y confiables para medirlo con precisión. Objetivo: Determinar las propiedades psicométricas de confiabilidad y validez del BRIEF COPE 28, versión española. Método: El diseño usado fue instrumental; participaron 530 personas, 60% varones y 40% mujeres, entre 18 y 60 años, de distintas regiones del Perú, seleccionadas con el muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Resultados: Se evidencia que el coeficiente alfa de los estilos de afrontamiento oscila entre α ordinal=0.74 a 0.82; mientras que en las estrategias fue entre α ordinal=0.59 a 0.90. En cuanto a la estructura interna, el modelo de cuatro factores obtuvo buen ajuste de bondad SB-χ²/gl=1.836; CFI=0.92; TLI=0.90, SRMS=0.09 y RMSEA=0.10. Asimismo, se encontró buen ajuste con el modelo de 10 estrategias de afrontamiento SB-χ²/gl=1.902; CFI=0.96; TLI=0.95, SRMS=0.056, RMSEA=0.069. Conclusión: El COPE 28 tiene buena consistencia interna; y que el modelo con los cuatro estilos de afrontamiento no es concluyente; mientras el modelo con 10 estrategias tiene adecuado ajuste de bondad.

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Introducción. La obesidad infantil es uno de los problemas de salud pública más graves del siglo XXI, originado porque los niños crecen en un entorno en el que no se fomenta la práctica deportiva. Esto es debido al cambio en el tipo de alimentación y al aumento del sedentarismo. Objetivo. Describir y analizar los principales programas de intervención, basados en la promoción de hábitos saludables (Nutrición y Actividad Física) en la población infantil y las principales estrategias utilizadas para su implantación en los centros educativos españoles. Materiales y métodos. Se ha realizado un estudio transversal descriptivo mediante el empleo de una revisión sistemática de la literatura realizada en el mes de octubre de 2022. La población de estudio fue el alumnado de entre 6 y 12 años escolarizados en centros de Educación Primaria de España. Resultados. Se ha identificado que las intervenciones educativas sobre nutrición y/o actividad física realizadas en los centros educativos, resultan positivas en la mejora de los hábitos de alimentación y la práctica físico-deportiva entre los escolares. Discusión. Además, combinando las temáticas de nutrición y actividad física, se fomenta la consecución de hábitos saludables, con el objetivo de prevenir la obesidad y el sedentarismo. A su vez, fomentando la participación de las familias en los programas de intervención se obtiene un resultado positivo en la efectividad de las intervenciones. Conclusiones. La mayor parte de los programas de intervención analizados demuestran su eficacia a la hora de modificar los hábitos alimentarios, además, se produce un aumento del nivel de actividad física, evitando el sedentarismo entre los escolares, y, por ende, disminuir el riesgo de obesidad(AU)

Introduction: Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century, because children are growing up in an environment where sport is not encouraged. This is due to changes in dietary patterns and an increase in sedentary lifestyles. Objective. Describe and analyze the main intervention programs, based on the promotion of healthy habits (Nutrition and Physical Activity) in the child population and the main strategies used for their implementation in Spanish schools. Material and methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study based on a systematic review of the literature carried out in October 2022. The study population was pupils aged between 6 and 12 years old attending primary schools in Spain. Results. It has been identified that educational interventions on nutrition and/or physical activity carried out in schools are positive in improving eating habits and physical activity among schoolchildren. Discussion. In addition, by combining the topics of nutrition and physical activity, healthy habits are encouraged, with the aim of preventing obesity and sedentary lifestyles. In turn, by encouraging the participation of families in the intervention programmes, a positive result is obtained in the effectiveness of the interventions. Conclusions. Most of the intervention programmes analysed demonstrate their effectiveness in modifying eating habits, as well as increasing the level of physical activity, avoiding sedentary lifestyles among schoolchildren and, therefore, reducing the risk of obesity(AU)

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PURPOSE: The main goal of this study is to assess the diagnostic agreement between preoperative biopsy and definitive histology of the surgical specimen to determine which sampling method is most suitable for diagnosis of early-stage endometrial cancer. METHODS: We performed a retrospective multicentric study to assess the correlation between three endometrial sampling methods (hysteroscopy, pipelle and D&C) in patients who had undergone preoperative endometrial biopsy and received primary surgical treatment for endometrial cancer. The primary objective was the agreement rate between hysteroscopy (HSC), endometrial biopsy (pipelle) and dilatation and curettage (D&C). RESULTS: A total of 1833 women who underwent preoperative sampling at 15 centers were included: 1042 biopsies were performed by HSC, 703 by pipelle and 88 by D&C. All three methods presented a moderate diagnostic concordance (κ = 0.40-0.61) with the definitive specimen's histology: HSC (κ = 0.47), pipelle sampling (κ = 0.48) and D&C (κ = 0.48). Likewise, a subgroup analysis was performed by histological subtype comparing HSC and endometrial biopsy, showing that neither is superior as a diagnostic method. CONCLUSIONS: According to this study, the use of pipelle sampling could become an adequate diagnostic method in endometrial cancer due to its similar agreement to HSC, ease of use and affordability.

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This article shows the response offered by the UTEC-UNED-TECSUP Consortium to six Peruvian public (national) universities aimed at strengthening the digital competences of their communities, made up of managers, teachers, students, and support technicians. The contextual and situational diagnosis, which covered organizational, technological, and competence dimensions, revealed a series of cross-cutting needs related to technological skills that prevented the training or mobilization of the digital competences necessary for progress in the other dimensions under study. The response was an online training plan, consisting of three training programs and eighty-three courses. The pedagogical strategy was based on the scaling of competence achievements that ended with problem-solving and applications in daily activities. The accompaniment was carried out through virtual tutorials, distributed via synchronous and asynchronous sessions. In total, 5034 were involved-347 were teachers and managers, 4932 were students, and 25 were technical staff. The pedagogical and socio-emotional limitations of the university community, as well as the scarcity of technological resources and poor connectivity, meant that the plan was only partially implemented. Moreover, the short and intense period of development to which the universities were subjected was also a factor.

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RESUMEN La COVID -19 afecta predominantemente el sistema respiratorio, pero también se ha descrito compromiso extrapulmonar, incluido la afectación del sistema nervioso. Se describen los casos de dos pacientes con infección por SARS -CoV-2 que desarrollaron el síndrome de Guillain Barré.

SUMMARY COVID-19 predominantly affects the respiratory tract, but extrapulmonary involvement, including the nervous system has been reported. We report two patiets who presented SARS-COV-2 associated of Guillain-Barré syndrome

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SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. In this report, we describe the complete genome sequence of the first imported SARS-CoV-2, detected in a Mexican patient who had traveled to Bergamo, Italy. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this isolate belongs to subclade A2a (lineage G) and is closely related to isolates from Finland, Germany and Brazil, all of which were from patients with a history of travel to Italy. This is the first report of the complete genome sequence of this virus in Mexico.

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Hepatitis B virus genotype F (HBV/F) is endemic in Central and South America with a minor proportion in Mexico and North America. HBV/F is divided into subgenotypes and subtypes with particular geographic circulation patterns. Here, we report the complete genome sequence and molecular characterization of HBV/F from three isolates. Phylogenetic analysis with all available HBV/F sequences showed that our sequences belonged to the F1b subtype and, in addition, the absence of the previously reported F1a subtype in Mexican isolates. Our findings suggest the circulation of HBV/F1b, the first phylogenomic study of HBV/F in Mexico.

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