RESUMO
Evaluation of serology using glycoproteins (GPs) purified by preparative isoelectric focusing (pH 8.8) and recombinant chimeric antigen (RecTs) of Taenia solium was carried out using (1) blood samples on filter papers from pigs infected with different doses of eggs of T. solium in Mexico, (2) serum samples from pigs found infected naturally in Vietnam and Ecuador and (3) serum samples from pigs suspected to be infected with T. solium by tongue inspection in Tanzania. Antibody responses (IgG) were detectable in experimentally infected pigs confirmed harbouring 16 or more cysts at necropsy from 30 days after egg inoculation. One of three pigs naturally infected and harbouring 2.5 cysts/kg muscle and most of pigs harbouring=5.0 cysts/kg were also seropositive by ELISA. Although pigs may be infected with other taeniid species such as Taenia hydatigena, pigs harbouring this parasite were negative in ELISA. Approximately, 76 and 78% of sera from pigs having nodule(s) in the tongue (positive tongue inspection) were serologically positive by both ELISA and immunoblot, respectively. Furthermore, approximately 34 and 18% of sera from pigs having no nodules in the tongue (negative tongue inspection) were also seropositive by ELISA and immunoblot, respectively. ELISA using the two antigens was more sensitive than immunoblot and reliable for differentiation of pigs infected with cysticerci of T. solium from those either uninfected or infected with other taeniid species. Pigs without nodule by tongue inspection should be checked serologically in endemic areas.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Helmintos/imunologia , Cisticercose/diagnóstico , Cisticercose/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Suínos/patologia , Taenia solium/isolamento & purificação , Língua/patologia , Animais , Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos/sangue , Cisticercose/imunologia , Cisticercose/parasitologia , Equador , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Glicoproteínas/imunologia , Proteínas de Helminto/imunologia , México , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/imunologia , Doenças dos Suínos/parasitologia , Taenia solium/imunologia , VietnãRESUMO
Seed analysts need to identify seeds, and seed catalogs are used as a reference to accomplish this task. Conventional seed catalogs supply two-dimensional photographs and hand-drawn diagrams. In this study, a new, three-dimensional representation of seeds is developed to supplement these traditional photographs and drawings. QuickTime VR is a promising method for viewing three-dimensional objects on a computer screen. It permits manipulation of an object by rotating and viewing it from any pre-specified angle at an interactive speed, allowing the viewer the sense of examining a hand-held object. In this study, QuickTime VR object movies of seeds were created as interactive "movies" of seeds that can be rotated and scaled to give the viewer the sensation of examining actual seeds. This approach allows the examination of virtual seeds from any angle, permitting more accurate identification of seeds by seed analysts.
Os analistas precisam identificar as sementes e utilizam como referência catálogos específicos. Os catálogos geralmente apresentam fotografias bidimensionais e diagramas manuais. Neste estudo, foi desenvolvida uma nova representação tridimensional das sementes como suplementação aos materiais de apoio tradicionais. "QuickTime VR" é um método promissor para a visualização de objetos em três dimensões na tela do computador, permitindo a movimentação de um objeto através da rotação e visualização, em ângulos pré definidos em uma velocidade interativa. No "QuickTime VR" foram criadas imagens interativas que podem ser rotacionadas e dimensionadas dando ao observador a sensação de estar examinando a própria semente. Este procedimento permite o exame de "sementes virtuais" sob qualquer ângulo, permitindo aos analistas de sementes uma identificação mais detalhada.
RESUMO
Seed analysts need to identify seeds, and seed catalogs are used as a reference to accomplish this task. Conventional seed catalogs supply two-dimensional photographs and hand-drawn diagrams. In this study, a new, three-dimensional representation of seeds is developed to supplement these traditional photographs and drawings. QuickTime VR is a promising method for viewing three-dimensional objects on a computer screen. It permits manipulation of an object by rotating and viewing it from any pre-specified angle at an interactive speed, allowing the viewer the sense of examining a hand-held object. In this study, QuickTime VR object movies of seeds were created as interactive "movies" of seeds that can be rotated and scaled to give the viewer the sensation of examining actual seeds. This approach allows the examination of virtual seeds from any angle, permitting more accurate identification of seeds by seed analysts.
Os analistas precisam identificar as sementes e utilizam como referência catálogos específicos. Os catálogos geralmente apresentam fotografias bidimensionais e diagramas manuais. Neste estudo, foi desenvolvida uma nova representação tridimensional das sementes como suplementação aos materiais de apoio tradicionais. "QuickTime VR" é um método promissor para a visualização de objetos em três dimensões na tela do computador, permitindo a movimentação de um objeto através da rotação e visualização, em ângulos pré definidos em uma velocidade interativa. No "QuickTime VR" foram criadas imagens interativas que podem ser rotacionadas e dimensionadas dando ao observador a sensação de estar examinando a própria semente. Este procedimento permite o exame de "sementes virtuais" sob qualquer ângulo, permitindo aos analistas de sementes uma identificação mais detalhada.