RESUMO
Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs) is the etiological agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD), which significantly affects farmed and wild salmonids worldwide. Although the whole genome of Rs (~3.1 million nucleotides) is highly conserved, genomic epidemiology analyses have identified four sub-lineages from Chilean isolates. A total of 94 Rs genomes from the BIGSdb aquaculture database were aligned and compared using bioinformatics tools, identifying 2199 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spread along the genome. A detailed analysis of the distribution of the SNPs showed five local zones of a length in the range of 10-15 kbp that should be used to unambiguously identify a specific sub-lineage. Based on the Rs type strain DSM 20767T , we designed multiplex PCR primers that produce specific amplification products which were further sequenced by the Sanger method to obtain the genotype of the sub-lineage. For the genetic typing, we evaluated 27 Rs isolates recovered from BKD outbreaks from different fish species and regions of Chile. Based on the findings reported here, we propose the PCR approach as a valuable tool for the rapid and reliable studying of the relationships between Rs isolates and the different sub-lineages without requiring the sequencing of the entire genome.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes , Micrococcaceae , Animais , Salmão , Chile , Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , AquiculturaRESUMO
Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar, mediante un análisis cuantitativo, el uso y aplicación de la Escala de Braden por el personal de enfermería en pacientes de medicina interna del Hospital Santo Domingo, año 2018. Es un estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo; la población total fue de 1017 pacientes con una muestra de 30 (12 masculinos y 18 feminas), ingresados al área de medicina interna del Hospital General Santo Domingo, provincia Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, de julio a agosto del 2018. Se les realizó una revisión de su historia clínica para conocer el puntaje que determinaba el riesgo de desarrollar úlceras por presión (UPP), según la valoración que recibieron mediante la escala. Durante la aplicación de la Escala de Braden, se pronosticó riesgo bajo a 15 pacientes, riesgo medio a 10 y riesgo alto a 5, quienes presentaron alteraciones neurológicas o enfermedades crónicas como: accidente cerebrovascular, diabetes mellitus, cirrosis hepática. Se concluye que el personal de enfermería no realiza una aplicación adecuada de la Escala de Braden ni desde el ingreso del paciente ni durante su reevaluación en el servicio de medicina interna, lo que trae consigo que la atención no se realice con la calidad requerida. Factor favorable para complicaciones como las UPP.
Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate, through a quantitative analysis, the use and application of the Braden Scale by the nursing staff in internal medicine patients of the Santo Domingo Hospital, year 2018. It is a quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study; The total population was 1017 patients with a sample of 30 (12 males and 18 females), admitted to the internal medicine area of the Santo Domingo General Hospital, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas province, from July to August 2018. They underwent a review of their medical history to know the score that determined the risk of developing pressure ulcers (UPP), according to the assessment they received using the scale. During the application of the Braden Scale, low risk was predicted for 15 patients, medium risk for 10 and high risk for 5, who presented neurological disorders or chronic diseases such as: stroke, diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis. It is concluded that the nursing staff does not carry out an adequate application of the Braden Scale, neither since the patient's admission nor during his reevaluation in the internal medicine service, which means that the care is not performed with the required quality. Favorable factor for complications such as UPP.
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por meio de uma análise quantitativa, o uso e a aplicação da Escala de Braden pela equipe de enfermagem em pacientes de medicina interna do Hospital Santo Domingo, ano de 2018. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo; A população total foi de 1017 pacientes, com uma amostra de 30 (12 homens e 18 mulheres), admitidos na área de medicina interna do Hospital Geral de Santo Domingo, província de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, de julho a agosto de 2018. Eles foram submetidos a uma revisão do histórico médico para conhecer o escore que determinou o risco de desenvolver úlceras por pressão (UPP), de acordo com a avaliação que receberam usando a escala. Durante a aplicação da Escala de Braden, foram previstos baixo risco para 15 pacientes, risco médio para 10 e alto risco para 5, que apresentavam distúrbios neurológicos ou doenças crônicas como: acidente vascular cerebral, diabetes mellitus, cirrose hepática. Conclui-se que a equipe de enfermagem não realiza uma aplicação adequada da Escala de Braden, nem desde a admissão do paciente nem durante sua reavaliação no serviço de medicina interna, o que significa que o cuidado não é realizado com a qualidade exigida. Fator favorável a complicações como UPP.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gestão de Riscos , Enfermagem , Úlcera por Pressão , EquadorRESUMO
Canary grass is used as traditional food for diabetes and hypertension treatment. The aim of this work is to characterize the biological activity of encrypted peptides released after gastrointestinal digestion of canary seed proteins. Canary peptides showed 43.5% inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) and 73.5% inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity. An isolated perfused rat heart system was used to evaluate the canary seed vasoactive effect. Nitric oxide (NO), a major vasodilator agent, was evaluated in the venous effluent from isolated perfused rat heart. Canary seed peptides (1 µg/mL) were able to induce the production of NO (12.24 µM) in amounts similar to those induced by captopril (CPT) and bradykinin (BK). These results show that encrypted peptides in canary seed have inhibitory activity against DPPIV and ACE, enzymes that are targets for diabetes and hypertension treatments.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Phalaris/química , Sementes/química , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/farmacologia , Animais , Bradicinina , Captopril , Vasos Coronários/efeitos dos fármacos , Digestão , Masculino , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/análise , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Peptídeos/isolamento & purificação , Peptídeos/metabolismo , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Proteínas de Armazenamento de Sementes/química , Proteínas de Armazenamento de Sementes/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Armazenamento de Sementes/metabolismo , Vasodilatação/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasodilatadores/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: During the last ten years multiple pregnancies have been increased as a result of assisted reproduction techniques, increases of even 470% are published. Multiple pregnancies are related to a higher risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, as well as to increased use of health resources. OBJECTIVES: To review the fetal and perinatal early complications in triple pregnancies. PATIENTS AND METHOD: An observational and retrospective study of triple pregnancies followed up at the Obstetrics Department of La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain, from January 2000 until May 2011. RESULTS: We reviewed the medical records of 147 triplets. The prevalence of triplets was 1 in 640 deliveries (0.15%). Among all, 79% were achieved using assisted reproductive techniques, 73% were obtained by means of in vitro fertilization. Regarding the pregnancy zigosity we found: 85% trichorionic triamniotic, 10% bichorionic triamniotic and 5% monochorionic tramniotic. Out of 402 fetuses, 35 (9%) had the following complications: 19(5%) growth retardation or oligohydramnios, nine (2%) intrauterine death, three (0.74%) postnatal death due to suspected chorioamnionitis, three (0.74%) major malformations and one case (0.24%) of twin to twin transfusion. The average duration of gestation was 33 weeks: 8% were born before 28 weeks of gestation, 30% between 28 and 32 weeks and 62% after 32 weeks. The mean birth weight was 1,906 +/- 400 g. In 29 cases (7%) arterial pH was less than 7.20. Any type of resuscitation was required by 60% of newborns and 47% were admitted to the intensive care unit. There were no significant differences in neonatal early outcomes among the first, second and third newborn. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of neonatal mortality and morbidity seems to be higher in triple pregnancies. Adverse neonatal outcomes are related to the high rate of severe prematurity.
Assuntos
Doenças Fetais/epidemiologia , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/epidemiologia , Trigêmeos , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes diagnosticados de Sarcoma de Kaposi (SK) en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo durante el periodo Enero 2000-Diciembre 2009. Método: Se trata de un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal, en el cual se incluyeron todos los pacientes con diagnostico clínico e histológico de SK durante el periodo de enero 2000 a Diciembre 2009. Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio, se identificaron 52 pacientes con diagnóstico de SK confirmados por biopsia; 44 (84,6 por ciento) fueron varones, y 8 (15,4 por ciento) fueron mujeres, con una edad media de 38.02 años (DE±14.58), no habiendo diferencias significativas en la edad con respecto al sexo (p=0.368; IC 95 por ciento-23.06-9.51). 42 (80.0 por ciento) fueron de la variedad epidémica, 6 (11.5 por ciento) fueron de la presentación clásica, y 4 (7.7 por ciento) fueron de la variedad iatrogénica. Se atendieron 80,775 pacientes observándose una frecuencia de SK de 0.64x1000 pacientes diagnosticados durante la década de estudio. Además se identificaron 22,808 pacientes VIH(+) durante el periodo de estudio, de los cuales 41 pacientes fueron confirmados de SK, Se identificó que el SK epidémico se presentó con mayor frecuencia entre los 21 y 50 años, y el SK clásico entre los 51 y 81 años, siendo la media de edad para aquellos con SK clásico de 71.67 años y para aquellos diagnosticados de SK epidémico de 32.93 años (p=0.00; IC 32.16-45.31). Por otro lado la relación de mujeres/hombre para el SK epidémico fue de 9,5:1; y para el SK clásico la relación mujerlhombre fue 2:1. La lesiones que con más frecuencia se presentaron fueron las pápulas (28.8 por ciento), las máculas (26.9 por ciento), y los nódulos (23.1 por ciento). En el SK epidémico se presentaron en su mayoría lesiones tipo máculas (31 por ciento) y pápulas (26.2 por ciento); en el SK clásico la mayoría fueron lesiones tipo pápulas (33.3 por ciento) y nódulos (33.3 por ciento); el SK iatrogénico mostró en su mayoría fueron pápulas (50 por ciento). En la variedad SK clásico las lesiones se presentaron predominantemente en extremidades (100 por ciento). En la variedad SK epidémico las lesiones se presentaron predominantemente en extremidades (35.7 por ciento) y en tronco (33.3 por ciento).En la variedad SK iatrogénica las lesiones se presentaron exclusivamente en extremidades (75 por ciento) y cabeza (25 por ciento). Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio demuestra que se mantiene una alta incidencia de SK epidémico en nuestra serie, siendo predominante en grupos etáreos de jóvenes y adultos, con mayores casos en mujeres que en hombres, con un patrón multifocal y pleomórfico
Objective: To determine the clínical and epidemiological characteristics of patients diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma in the Dos de Mayo Hospital during the period January 2000-December 2009. Method: This is an observational descriptive study, which included all patients with clinical and histological diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma during the period from January 2000 to December 2009 Results: During the study period, we identified 52 patients with a diagnosis of KS confirmed by biopsy, 44 (84.6 per cent) were male, and 8 (15.4 per cent) were female, mean age 38.02 years (SD ±14.58), no significant differences in age with respect to sex (p=0.368, 95 per cent el -23.06-9.51). Forty-two (80.0 per cent) were of the variety epidemic, 6 (11.5 per cent) were of the classical presentation, and 4 (7.7 per cent) were iatrogenic variety. 80775 patients were treated SK and we observed incidence of 0.64 per 1000 patients diagnosed during the decade of study, and 0.52 x 1000 patients with epidemic KS. 22808 patients were identified, observed an incidence of epidemic KS of 1.84 x 1000 HIV+ patients diagnosed during the decade of study. SK was identified that the epidemic was present more frequentIy between 21 and 50, and SK Classic between 51 and 81 years, with the average age for those with Classical SK 71.67 years and for those diagnosis of SK Epidemic 32.93 years (p=0.00, el 32.16-45.31). On the other hand, the ratio of female / male for epidemic KS was 9.5:1, and for classic KS the female / male ratio was 2:1. The most common injuries presented were papules (28.8 per cent), macules (26.9 per cent), and nodules (23.1 per cent). In epidemic KS presented mostly macula-like lesions (31 per cent) and papules (26.2 per cent) in the most classic KS-like lesionswere papules (33.3 per cent) and nodules (33.3 per cent), as showed in iatrogenic KS Most were papules (50 percent). In the classic KS variety of lesions were predominantIy in the extremities (100 per cent).In the range epidemic KS lesions were predominantIy in the extremities (35.7 per cent) and trunk (33.3 per cent).In the variety iatrogenic lesions were predominantly in the extremities (75) and head (25 per cent). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates continued high incidence of epidemic KS in our series, being predominant in youth and adult group of age, with more cases in women than in men, with a multifocal and pleomorphic pattern