RESUMO
La reabsorción radicular asociada al movimiento dental es un efecto indeseado durante la terapia ortodóncica. El propósito de este estudio fue el de identificar los cambios dentinopulpares, el grado de reabsorción radicular externa (RRE) y la cantidad de movimiento dental en pacientes medicados con rofecoxib durante la aplicación de fuerzas ortodóncicas intrusivas de 2 onzas. La muestra la constituyeron 6 sujetos (12 dientes) en quienes se evaluaron 8 dientes para el grupo experimental (rofecoxib) y 4 dientes para el grupo control (placebo). Se utilizó un aparato fijo tipo barra transpalatina y un bracket adherido a tercio medio de la cara vestibular de los primeros bicúspides superiores, en cada segmento se instaló un alambre TMA con dobleces intrusivos que fueron activados cada seis semanas. El protocolo de administración del medicamento y del placebo se planteó teniendo en cuenta la estabilización de su concentración tras su administración en forma regular. Como parte del tratamiento los premolares fueron extraídos y se realizaron los cortes respectivos, se utilizó coloración de hematoxilina-eosina y tricrómica de Masson para observar los cortes al microscopio de luz. En los cortes histológicos se observó en la capa odontoblástica mayores cambios morfológicos, aumento de las fibras colágenas y angiogénesis en el grupo experimental. Se encontró que el grupo control presentó mayor cantidad de lesiones radiculares que el grupo experimental. Al medir la cantidad de movimiento dental, se observó que los rangos de movimiento bajo el rofecoxib fueron mayores que con el placebo. El rofecoxib mostró ser eficaz en la inhibición de la RRE, comparado con un medicamento placebo en esta muestra. Con las actuales limitaciones del uso del rofecoxib, se puede decir que los inhibidores preferenciales de la ciclooxigenasa-2 (COX -2) presentan mejor control que los inhibidores específicos de la COX-2 en los cambios dentinopulpares deletéreos que se presentan luego del movimie...
Assuntos
Analgésicos/efeitos adversos , Dentina , Ortodontia , Polpa Dentária , Reabsorção da Raiz , Técnicas de Movimentação DentáriaRESUMO
To determine clinical and epidemiological features of scorpion stings in two departments of Colombia, a descriptive study was performed in the hospitals of 10 towns from Antioquia (2 256 071 inhabitants) and five from Tolima (630 424 inhabitants). One hundred and twenty-nine cases were admitted during one year, 51 in Antioquia, 78 in Tolima and 41 were children less than 15 years old. Most stings (70.5%) occurred inside the house; 27.9% were on the hands and 26.4% on the feet. The scorpion species involved were Tityus pachyurus (51), Centruroides gracilis (31), T. fuehrmanni (29), T. asthenes (7) and Chactas spp. (1). In 10 cases the scorpion involved was not identified. Systemic envenoming signs (e.g. vomiting, tachypnea) were significantly more frequent in children than in adults (P < 0.05). Four children had hypertension, but none developed pulmonary oedema. One 3-year-old girl, stung by T. asthenes, had acute oedematous pancreatitis. Ninety-eight patients had mild envenoming. Moderate (27 patients) and severe (four patients) envenoming was significantly more frequent in children than in adults (P = 0.003; relative risk = 2.97). A pepsin-digested anti-Centruroides spp. antivenom was administered to 19 of 31 patients presenting systemic envenoming signs. No adverse reactions to antivenom were observed.
Assuntos
Picadas de Escorpião/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Animais , Antídotos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Picadas de Escorpião/complicações , Picadas de Escorpião/terapia , Escorpiões , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We determined the neutralizing activity of 12 ethanolic extracts of plants against the edema-forming, defibrinating and coagulant effects of Bothrops asper venom in Swiss Webster mice. The material used consisted of the leaves and branches of Bixa orellana (Bixaceae), Ficus nymphaeifolia (Moraceae), Struthanthus orbicularis (Loranthaceae) and Gonzalagunia panamensis (Rubiaceae); the stem barks of Brownea rosademonte (Caesalpiniaceae) and Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae); the whole plant of Pleopeltis percussa (Polypodiaceae) and Trichomanes elegans (Hymenophyllaceae); rhizomes of Renealmia alpinia (Zingiberaceae), Heliconia curtispatha (Heliconiaceae) and Dracontium croatii (Araceae), and the ripe fruit of Citrus limon (Rutaceae). After preincubation of varying amounts of each extract with either 1.0 microg venom for the edema-forming effect or 2.0 microg venom for the defibrinating effect, the mixture was injected subcutaneously (sc) into the right foot pad or intravenously into the tail, respectively, to groups of four mice (18-20 g). All extracts (6.2-200 microg/mouse) partially neutralized the edema-forming activity of venom in a dose-dependent manner (58-76% inhibition), with B. orellana, S. orbicularis, G. panamensis, B. rosademonte, and D. croatii showing the highest effect. Ten extracts (3.9-2000 microg/mouse) also showed 100% neutralizing ability against the defibrinating effect of venom, and nine prolonged the coagulation time induced by the venom. When the extracts were administered either before or after venom injection, the neutralization of the edema-forming effect was lower than 40% for all extracts, and none of them neutralized the defibrinating effect of venom. When they were administered in situ (sc at the same site 5 min after venom injection), the neutralization of edema increased for six extracts, reaching levels up to 64% for C. limon.
Assuntos
Antivenenos/farmacologia , Bothrops , Venenos de Crotalídeos/antagonistas & inibidores , Edema/prevenção & controle , Hemorragia/prevenção & controle , Fitoterapia/métodos , Animais , Antivenenos/isolamento & purificação , Coagulação Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Camundongos , Testes de Neutralização , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
We determined the neutralizing activity of 12 ethanolic extracts of plants against the edema-forming, defibrinating and coagulant effects of Bothrops asper venom in Swiss Webster mice. The material used consisted of the leaves and branches of Bixa orellana (Bixaceae), Ficus nymphaeifolia (Moraceae), Struthanthus orbicularis (Loranthaceae) and Gonzalagunia panamensis (Rubiaceae); the stem barks of Brownea rosademonte (Caesalpiniaceae) and Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae); the whole plant of Pleopeltis percussa (Polypodiaceae) and Trichomanes elegans (Hymenophyllaceae); rhizomes of Renealmia alpinia (Zingiberaceae), Heliconia curtispatha (Heliconiaceae) and Dracontium croatii (Araceae), and the ripe fruit of Citrus limon (Rutaceae). After preincubation of varying amounts of each extract with either 1.0 æg venom for the edema-forming effect or 2.0 æg venom for the defibrinating effect, the mixture was injected subcutaneously (sc) into the right foot pad or intravenously into the tail, respectively, to groups of four mice (18-20 g). All extracts (6.2-200 æg/mouse) partially neutralized the edema-forming activity of venom in a dose-dependent manner (58-76 percent inhibition), with B. orellana, S. orbicularis, G. panamensis, B. rosademonte, and D. croatii showing the highest effect. Ten extracts (3.9-2000 æg/mouse) also showed 100 percent neutralizing ability against the defibrinating effect of venom, and nine prolonged the coagulation time induced by the venom. When the extracts were administered either before or after venom injection, the neutralization of the edema-forming effect was lower than 40 percent for all extracts, and none of them neutralized the defibrinating effect of venom. When they were administered in situ (sc at the same site 5 min after venom injection), the neutralization of edema increased for six extracts, reaching levels up to 64 percent for C. limon.
Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Antivenenos , Bothrops , Venenos de Crotalídeos , Edema , Hemorragia , Extratos Vegetais , Plantas Medicinais , Coagulação Sanguínea , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Testes de Neutralização , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Thirty-one of 75 extracts of plants used by traditional healers for snakebites, had moderate or high neutralizing ability against the haemorrhagic effect of Bothrops atrox venom from Antioquia and Chocó, north-western Colombia. After preincubation of several doses of every extract (7.8-4000 microg/mouse) with six minimum haemorrhagic doses (10 microg) of venom, 12 of them demonstrated 100% neutralizing capacity when the mixture was i.d. injected into mice (18-20 g). These were the stem barks of Brownea rosademonte (Caesalpiniaceae) and Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae); the whole plants of Pleopeltis percussa (Polypodiaceae), Trichomanes elegans (Hymenophyllaceae) and Senna dariensis (Caesalpiniaceae); rhizomes of Heliconia curtispatha (Heliconiaceae); leaves and branches of Bixa orellana (Bixaceae), Philodendron tripartitum (Araceae), Struthanthus orbicularis (Loranthaceae) and Gonzalagunia panamensis (Rubiaceae); the ripe fruits of Citrus limon (Rutaceae); leaves, branches and stem of Ficus nymphaeifolia (Moraceae). Extracts of another 19 species showed moderate neutralization (21-72%) at doses up to 4 mg/mouse, e.g. the whole plants of Aristolochia grandiflora (Aristolochiaceae), Columnea kalbreyeriana (Gesneriaceae), Sida acuta (Malvaceae), Selaginella articulata (Selaginellaceae) and Pseudoelephantopus spicatus (Asteraceae); rhizomes of Renealmia alpinia (Zingiberaceae); the stem of Strychnos xinguensis (Loganiaceae); leaves, branches and stems of Hyptis capitata (Lamiaceae), Ipomoea cairica (Convolvulaceae), Neurolaena lobata (Asteraceae), Ocimum micranthum (Lamiaceae), Piper pulchrum (Piperaceae), Siparuna thecaphora (Monimiaceae), Castilla elastica (Moraceae) and Allamanda cathartica (Apocynaceae); the macerated ripe fruits of Capsicum frutescens (Solanaceae); the unripe fruits of Crescentia cujete (Bignoniaceae); leaves and branches of Piper arboreum (Piperaceae) and Passiflora quadrangularis (Passifloraceae). When the extracts were independently administered by oral, i.p. or i.v. route either before or after an i.d. venom injection (10 microg), neutralization of haemorrhage dropped below 25% for all the extracts. Additionally, B. rosademonte and P. percussa extracts were able to inhibit the proteolytic activity of B. atrox venom on casein.
Assuntos
Bothrops , Venenos de Crotalídeos/antagonistas & inibidores , Etnobotânica , Medicina Tradicional , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Mordeduras de Serpentes/tratamento farmacológico , Análise de Variância , Animais , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Hemorragia/tratamento farmacológico , Hemorragia/etiologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Testes de Neutralização , Prevalência , Mordeduras de Serpentes/epidemiologiaRESUMO
In Antioquia and Chocó, traditional healers attend 60% of snakebites. With the aim to produce an inventory of the plants used by the healers to treat snakebites and to document the methods of preparation, administration, the dosage, number of patients treated throughout their years of practice with treatment results, 20 healers with experience in Bothrops, Porthidium and Bothriechis envenomations were interviewed between August, 1996 and November, 1998. They belong to nine black and three indigenous rural communities located near the towns of Bojayá, Vigía del Fuerte, Unguía (Atrato river valley), Nuquí and Bahía Solano (Pacific coast). Based on field interviews, 101 species of plants were identified as used to treat snakebites. The part used of each plant varies according to the species. Sixty plants are used in the form of drinks prepared by infusion, decoction or maceration; 78 as external baths on the affected extremity; 11 for steam application and 39 for poultices; the latter is used mainly when the bite is complicated by local necrosis. In mild and moderate envenomations, they generally use a mixture of three plants, while in severe cases they mix from five to 12, a handful of each one. Treatment is generally performed for 1-3 days, when the patient reacts positively. They reported to have treated 454 patients during their years of experience, 20 of them (4.4%) died. With the guidance of the healers, 77 species of plants were collected and photographed. These plants belong to 41 families, of which Piperaceae (13 species), Araceae (six species), Asteraceae (five species) and Gesneriaceae (three species) have the highest number of species.
Assuntos
Fitoterapia , Plantas Medicinais , Mordeduras de Serpentes/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Se describen los resultados de las curvas de distribución del volumen eritrocitario en orina de 37 pacientes menores de 18 anos, de abril a noviembre de 1990 en Medellín, Colombia. Todos los casos tenían diagnóstico histológico obtenido por biopsia renal percutánea. Se consideraron positivas 33(89.2 por ciento),y negativas 4 (10.8 por ciento)para evidente lesión glomerular. Las curvas de distribución de volumen eritrocitario se realizaron mediante un analizador automático de glóbulos rojos en todos los pacientes con macro o microhematuria, un análisis microscópico se hizo en el sedimento de las mismas muestras. Patrón tipo glomerular, establecido por eritrocitos con volumen menor de 50fl., en el 50 por ciento o más de los eritrocitos. Se detectaron patrón tipo glomerular en 29 (78.4 por ciento) Y no glomerular en 8 (21.6 por ciento). 28 de los casos con biopsia positiva presentaron una curva glomerular, lo que nos da una sensibilidad de esta última prueba del 84.8 por ciento. De los pacientes con biopsia negativa la curva fue noglomerular o mixta en 3, lo que nos determina una especificidad del 75 por ciento. Se concluye en el presente estudio que la curva de distribución del volumen eritrocitario en orina es un método válido como ayuda diagnóstica en la localización del origen de los eritrocitos encontrados en las orinas de niños con hematuria...
Assuntos
Adolescente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Biópsia , Volume de Eritrócitos , Eritrócitos , Hematúria , Nefropatias , UrinaRESUMO
El presente artículo hace una revisión de los antecedentes y de la anatomía del área involucrada. A partir de esto, se discute la elaboración y el manejo clínico de la expansión rápida palatina, diferenciándola de la expansión lenta de los arcos dentarios