RESUMO
The basidiomycete fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus is able to grow in the fungus garden of leaf-cutter ants. This mutualistic interaction has driven the evolutionary adaptation of L. gongylophorus, shaping its metabolism to produce enzymes adept at lignocellulosic biomass degradation. In this study, we undertook the comprehensive sequencing, assembly, and functional annotation of the genome of L. gongylophorus strain LEU18496, mutualistic fungus of the Atta mexicana. Our genomic analyses revealed a distinctive bimodal nature to the genome: a predominant region characterized by AT enrichment and low genetic density, alongside a smaller region exhibiting higher GC content and higher genetic density. The presence of transposable elements (TEs) within the AT-enriched region suggests genomic compartmentalization, facilitating differential evolutionary rates. With a gene count of 6748, the assembled genome of L. gongylophorus LEU18496 surpasses previous reports for this fungal species. Inspection of genes associated with central metabolism unveiled a remarkable abundance of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and fungal oxidative lignin enzymes (FOLymes), underscoring their pivotal roles in the life cycle of this fungus.
RESUMO
The genera Bacillus belongs to the group of microorganisms that are known as plant growth-promoting bacteria, their metabolism has evolved to produce molecules that benefit the growth of the plant, and the production of 3-indole acetic acid (IAA) is part of its secondary metabolism. In this work, Bacillus subtilis was cultivated in a bioreactor to produce IAA using propionate and glucose as carbon sources in an M9-modified media; in both cases, tryptophan was added as a co-substrate. The yield of IAA using propionate is 17% higher compared to glucose. After 48 h of cultivation, the final concentration was 310 mg IAA/L using propionate and 230 mg IAA/L using glucose, with a concentration of 500 mg Trp/L. To gain more insight into propionate metabolism and its advantages, the genome-scale metabolic model of B. subtilis (iBSU 1147) and computational analysis were used to calculate flux distribution and evaluate the metabolic capabilities to produce IAA using propionate. The metabolic fluxes demonstrate that propionate uptake favors the production of precursors needed for the synthesis of the hormone, and the sensitivity analysis shows that the control of a specific growth rate has a positive impact on the production of IAA.