RESUMO

A curatorial revision of the type specimens deposited in the Mollusca Collection of the Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (MNRJ) revealed the existence of 518 lots of type specimens (holotypes, neotypes, syntypes and paratypes) for 285 names of molluscan taxa from 88 families, including 247 gastropods, 30 bivalves, three cephalopods and five scaphopods. A total of 106 holotypes and one neotype are deposited in the MNRJ. Type material for ten nominal taxa described as being deposited in the MNRJ was not located; the probable reasons are discussed. Some previously published erroneous information about types in the MNRJ is rectified. A total of 37 type specimens are illustrated.

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Two new species of Thaumastus (Thaumastus) from the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, are described. They are diagnosed and characterized by the morphology of the shell and soft parts and compared with Brazilian species of the subgenus Thaumastus s.s. Martens, 1860. Thaumastus (T.) parvus sp. nov. is similar to T. (T.) baixoguanduensis Pena, Coelho & Salgado, 1996 but can be distinguished by the smaller size, smaller number of plates in the jaw, different number of follicle groups in the ovotestis and form of the fertilization complex. Thaumastus (T.) caetensis sp. nov. is similar to T. (T.) largillierti (Philippi, 1845) but differs by the width and the contour of the parietal side of the shell aperture. T. (T.) caetensis is also closer to Thaumastus (T.) baixoguanduensis but can be distinguished by the smaller dimensions (height, width and number of protoconch whorls), the lack of a transversal light band on the body whorl, the jaw with smaller number of plates, and the radula with 35 teeth. In the soft parts, this new species differs also in the number of follicle gatherings in ovotestis, fertilization complex with globose shape, and penian retractor muscle terminally and laterally attached to flagellum

RESUMO

Two new species of Thaumastus (Thaumastus) from the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, are described. They are diagnosed and characterized by the morphology of the shell and soft parts and compared with Brazilian species of the subgenus Thaumastus s.s. Martens, 1860. Thaumastus (T.) parvus sp. nov. is similar to T. (T.) baixoguanduensis Pena, Coelho & Salgado, 1996 but can be distinguished by the smaller size, smaller number of plates in the jaw, different number of follicle groups in the ovotestis and form of the fertilization complex. Thaumastus (T.) caetensis sp. nov. is similar to T. (T.) largillierti (Philippi, 1845) but differs by the width and the contour of the parietal side of the shell aperture. T. (T.) caetensis is also closer to Thaumastus (T.) baixoguanduensis but can be distinguished by the smaller dimensions (height, width and number of protoconch whorls), the lack of a transversal light band on the body whorl, the jaw with smaller number of plates, and the radula with 35 teeth. In the soft parts, this new species differs also in the number of follicle gatherings in ovotestis, fertilization complex with globose shape, and penian retractor muscle terminally and laterally attached to flagellum

RESUMO

Two new species of Thaumastus (Thaumastus) from the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, are described. They are diagnosed and characterized by the morphology of the shell and soft parts and compared with Brazilian species of the subgenus Thaumastus s.s. Martens, 1860. Thaumastus (T.) parvus sp. nov. is similar to T. (T.) baixoguanduensis Pena, Coelho & Salgado, 1996 but can be distinguished by the smaller size, smaller number of plates in the jaw, different number of follicle groups in the ovotestis and form of the fertilization complex. Thaumastus (T.) caetensis sp. nov. is similar to T. (T.) largillierti (Philippi, 1845) but differs by the width and the contour of the parietal side of the shell aperture. T. (T.) caetensis is also closer to Thaumastus (T.) baixoguanduensis but can be distinguished by the smaller dimensions (height, width and number of protoconch whorls), the lack of a transversal light band on the body whorl, the jaw with smaller number of plates, and the radula with 35 teeth. In the soft parts, this new species differs also in the number of follicle gatherings in ovotestis, fertilization complex with globose shape, and penian retractor muscle terminally and laterally attached to flagellum

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyze trends in age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rates in Mexico for the period of 1980 through 2000. METHOD: The trends were assessed using the adjusted rates of mortality from lung cancer, year of death, year of birth, age at death, state, and standard population. The standardized mortality rate and the index of potential years of life lost were used to compare incidence and premature deaths. The standardized mortality rate was analyzed by age groups according to the age at death (30-74 years), five-year observation period (1980-1999), and birth cohort (1910-1950). Nonparametric Spearman correlations were calculated for per capita tobacco consumption, social marginalization, and emigration. RESULTS: The adjusted mortality rate from lung cancer declined from 7.91 per 100 000 in 1989 to 5.96 per 100 000 in 2000. This pattern correlated with the reduction in per capita tobacco consumption, from 2.145 kg in 1959 to 0.451 kg in 1982. The latent period for the appearance of lung cancer in Mexico was 30 years. The male:female ratio was 2.4:1. The highest adjusted mortality rate was found in men who were 70-74 years old at the time of death. The adjusted mortality rates were low among the cohorts of persons born in 1945 or later, and those rates declined over the 1980-2000 period. The index of potential years of life lost and the incidence of premature death were greater among men. The mortality rates for the cohorts of men born between 1915 and 1940 showed a slight decline over the 1980-2000 period; beginning with men born in 1944 the rates increased slightly, mainly among men 30-34 and 35-39 years old at the time of death. For women the adjusted mortality rates were highest among those 75 or older; the rates gradually declined among the women born between 1945 and 1960, with the largest decrease among women 30-34 years old. The adjusted mortality rates varied according to the five-year observation period, the year of death, and birth cohort and gender. The correlation coefficient for the adjusted mortality rate by state and social marginalization was -0.70 (P = 0.00). There was no statistically significant correlation with the index of emigration (P = 0.56). CONCLUSIONS: Mortality from lung cancer has declined in Mexico. Morbidity and premature death due to lung cancer are greater in the states of northern Mexico.

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Objetivo. Analizar la tendencia de las tasas ajustadas por edad de la mortalidad por cáncer del pulmón (CP), en México, durante el período de 1980­2000. Método. La tendencia se construye con las tasas ajustadas de mortalidad (TAM) por CP,año de fallecimiento, cohorte de nacimiento, entidad federativa, año calendario y población estándar. La razón estandarizada de mortalidad (REM) y el índice de años de vida potencial perdidos (AVPP) se utilizaron para comparar la incidencia y las muertes prematuras. Se analizó la REM por grupos de edad según el año de fallecimiento (30­74 años), el quinquenio de observación (1980­1999) y la cohorte de nacimiento (1910­1950). Se calculó la correlación no paramétrica de Spearman en cuanto al consumo per cápita de tabaco, la marginación social y la emigración. Resultados. La TAM por CP disminuyó de 7,91 por 105 habitantes en 1989 a 5,96 en el año 2000. Este dato correlaciona con la disminución del consumo per cápita de tabaco de 2,145 kg en 1959 a 0,451 kg en 1982. El período de latencia para la aparición de CP es de 30 años en la población mexicana. La razón hombre:mujer es de 2,4:1. La mayor TAM (<100) se observó en varones que fallecieron a edades de 70 a 74 años. Las TAM disminuyeron y permanecieron bajas en las cohortes de nacimiento después de 1945. El índice AVPP y la incidencia de muerte prematura son mayores en los varones. Las cohortes de nacimiento de los varones de 1915 a 1940 muestran un leve descenso; desde 1944, aumentaron en los grupos de 30­34 y 35­39 años de edad. Las TAM de las mujeres alcanzan su valor más alto a edades >75 años y muestran disminución en las cohortes de 1945 y 1960. La mayor disminución se observa en el grupo de 30­34 años. Las TAM variaron según el quinquenio de observación, el año de fallecimiento y la cohorte de nacimiento por sexo. El coeficiente de correlación entre las TAM por entidad federativa y la marginación social fue de ­0,70, P = 0,00. No se observó correlación estadísticamente significativa con el índice de emigración (P = 0,56).Conclusiones. Se observa disminución en la mortalidad por CP. La morbilidad y la muerte prematura por CP son mayores en las entidades del norte de México

Objective. To analyze trends in age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rates in Mexico for the period of 1980 through 2000. Method. The trends were assessed using the adjusted rates of mortality from lung cancer, year of death, year of birth, age at death, state, and standard population. The standardized mortality rate and the index of potential years of life lost were used to compare incidence and premature deaths. The standardized mortality rate was analyzed by age groups according to the age at death (30­74 years), five-year observation period (1980­1999), and birth cohort (1910­1950). Nonparametric Spearman correlations were calculated for per capita tobacco consumption, social marginalization, and emigration. Results. The adjusted mortality rate from lung cancer declined from 7.91 per 100 000 in 1989 to 5.96 per 100 000 in 2000. This pattern correlated with the reduction in per capita tobacco consumption, from 2.145 kg in 1959 to 0.451 kg in 1982. The latent period for the appearance of lung cancer in Mexico was 30 years. The male:female ratio was 2.4:1. The highest adjusted mortality rate was found in men who were 70­74 years old at the time of death. The adjusted mortality rates were low among the cohorts of persons born in 1945 or later, and those rates declined over the 1980­2000 period. The index of potential years of life lost and the incidence of premature death were greater among men. The mortality rates for the cohorts of men born between 1915 and 1940 showed a slight decline over the 1980­2000 period; beginning with men born in 1944 the rates increased slightly, mainly among men 30­34 and 35­39 years old at the time of death. For women the adjusted mortality rates were highest amongthose 75 or older; the rates gradually , with the largest decrease among women 30­34 years old. The adjusted mortality rates varied according to the five-year observation period, the year of death, and birth cohort and gender. The correlation coefficient for the adjusted mortality rate by state and social marginalization was ­0.70 (P = 0.00). There was no statistically significant correlation with the index of emigration (P = 0.56). Conclusions. Mortality from lung cancer has declined in Mexico. Morbidity and premature death due to lung cancer are greater in the states of northern Mexico

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BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. Changes in classification have a major impact on reported mortality rates. METHODS: Between 1980 and 2002, 230,463 COPD cases were studied (age group 35-94 years); 134,579 men; 95,884 women. RESULTS: The crude mortality rate varied from 37 (1980) to 61 per 100,000 men (2002), (increase: 65%). The crude mortality rate for females increased from 27 (1980) to 43 deaths per 100,000 women (2002), (increase: 56%). The trends of the absolute values by birth year and age groups are higher as age increases. As age of death comes down and the birth cohort increases, the absolute values decrease. The Mexican states located in the northern and central areas present a higher risk for dying. There is an increment coefficient of 93 cases per increment year in males (age group 35-74), and 61 cases per increment year in females (age group 35-74 years). For the age group 35-94 years, the annual increase for males is 288 cases. These results were statistically significant, and the regression model was validated by residual analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The oldest cohorts of the studied population showed the highest COPD mortality absolute values. The geographic risk of dying from COPD is concentrated in two regions: a) the three Mexican states of higher economic income at the northern frontier to the U.S. and b) those Mexican states surrounding the main producer of tobacco (Nayarit).

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A new species of Thaumastus (Thaumastus) Martens, 1860, from Minas Gerais State, Brazil, is described and illustrated, based on the morphology of the shell, jaw, radula and soft parts.

Uma nova espécie de Thaumastus (Thaumastus) Martens, 1860, do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil, é descrita e ilustrada, com base na morfologia da concha, mandíbula, rádula e partes moles.