RESUMO
In recent years, egg production has had an intense growth in Brazil, and Brazilian egg consumption per capita has significantly increased in the last decade. To reduce sanitary and financial risks, decisions regarding the production and health status of the flock must be made based on objective criteria. Our aim was to determine the main "input" variables for the prediction of egg production performance in commercial laying breeder flocks using an ANN model. The software NeuroShellClassifier and NeuroShell Predictor were used to build the ANN. A total of 26 egg-production traits were selected as input variables and eight as output variables. A database of 44,120 Excel cells was generated. For the training and validation of the models, 74.9% and 25.1% of the data were used, respectively. The accuracy of the ANN models was calculated and compared using the analysis of coefficient of multiple determination (R2), mean squared error (MSE), and an assessment of uniform scatter in the residual plots. The models for the outputs "weekly egg production," "weekly incubated egg,", "accumulated commercial egg," and "viability" showed an R2 greater than 0.8. Other models yielded R2 values lower than 0.8. The ANN predicts adequately eight egg-production traits in the breeders of commercial laying hens. The method is an option for data management analysis in the egg industry, providing estimates of the relative contribution of each input variable to the outputs.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas , Redes Neurais de Computação , Ovos/análise , Produtos Avícolas/análise , Simulação por ComputadorRESUMO
Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common foodborne diseases in the world. It is considered the most frequently reported foodborne illness in the European Union (EU) and one of the most important in the United States (US) (EFSA & ECDC, 2018; CDC, 2019a; WHO, 2019). Poultry is known to be the major reservoir and an important source for pathogen transmission to humans (Kaakoush et al., 2015). Campylobacteriosis is most often associated with the consumption of raw and undercooked poultry or the cross-contamination of other foods by these items (CDC, 2019a). Although Brazil is a leading supplier of the worlds poultry meat (ABPA, 2018), Brazils official data does not report Campylobacter infections.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Campylobacter jejuni/imunologia , Anti-Infecciosos/classificação , DNA Girase , Aves/imunologia , Aves/microbiologiaRESUMO
Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common foodborne diseases in the world. It is considered the most frequently reported foodborne illness in the European Union (EU) and one of the most important in the United States (US) (EFSA & ECDC, 2018; CDC, 2019a; WHO, 2019). Poultry is known to be the major reservoir and an important source for pathogen transmission to humans (Kaakoush et al., 2015). Campylobacteriosis is most often associated with the consumption of raw and undercooked poultry or the cross-contamination of other foods by these items (CDC, 2019a). Although Brazil is a leading supplier of the worlds poultry meat (ABPA, 2018), Brazils official data does not report Campylobacter infections.
Assuntos
Animais , Anti-Infecciosos/classificação , Aves/imunologia , Aves/microbiologia , Campylobacter jejuni/imunologia , DNA GiraseRESUMO
Salmonella spp. remain among the most important agents of foodborne diseases worldwide. The importance of Salmonella spp. in public health is linked to their wide range of antimicrobial resistance and to their pathogenicity and virulence in both human and animal hosts. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns for Salmonella serotypes isolated from poultry sources in Brazil and to detect virulence-associated genes and verify their association with specific serotypes. A total of 163 strains of Salmonella enterica isolated from poultry sources in Southern Brazil were selected, and each belonged to one of 11 different serotypes. They were tested against ten antibiotics and examined for the presence of 26 virulence-associated genes by PCR. S. Typhimurium, S. Bredeney, S. Schwarzengrund and S. Tennessee showed the highest overall resistance rates. Approximately 18% of Salmonella strains were classified as multidrug-resistant strains. Our results indicate associations between antimicrobial resistance and specific serotypes. Most of the investigated genes presented a high frequency and a regular distribution, regardless of the serotype. Eight genes are positively or negatively associated with at least one serotype. The observed associations between antimicrobial resistance and specific serotypes are useful in developing specific control and treatment measures for each serotype. Despite the virulence genes being evenly distributed among the serotypes, some of these genes are associated with specific serotypes, and sefA, sopEand lpfA were selected as possible markers of Salmonella serotypes.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Aves/microbiologia , Anti-Infecciosos , Salmonella enterica/patogenicidade , SorogrupoRESUMO
Salmonella spp. remain among the most important agents of foodborne diseases worldwide. The importance of Salmonella spp. in public health is linked to their wide range of antimicrobial resistance and to their pathogenicity and virulence in both human and animal hosts. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns for Salmonella serotypes isolated from poultry sources in Brazil and to detect virulence-associated genes and verify their association with specific serotypes. A total of 163 strains of Salmonella enterica isolated from poultry sources in Southern Brazil were selected, and each belonged to one of 11 different serotypes. They were tested against ten antibiotics and examined for the presence of 26 virulence-associated genes by PCR. S. Typhimurium, S. Bredeney, S. Schwarzengrund and S. Tennessee showed the highest overall resistance rates. Approximately 18% of Salmonella strains were classified as multidrug-resistant strains. Our results indicate associations between antimicrobial resistance and specific serotypes. Most of the investigated genes presented a high frequency and a regular distribution, regardless of the serotype. Eight genes are positively or negatively associated with at least one serotype. The observed associations between antimicrobial resistance and specific serotypes are useful in developing specific control and treatment measures for each serotype. Despite the virulence genes being evenly distributed among the serotypes, some of these genes are associated with specific serotypes, and sefA, sopEand lpfA were selected as possible markers of Salmonella serotypes.
Assuntos
Animais , Anti-Infecciosos , Aves/microbiologia , Salmonella enterica/patogenicidade , SorogrupoRESUMO
Fowl cholera is a contagious disease that results from infection by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida. This microorganism is extensively distributed among animal species, but little is known regarding its pathogenesis and specificity to various hosts. Many studies using pathogenicity evaluation methods are subjective and difficult to quantify because they are often only involved in the observation of the lethal capacity of the agent in experimental inoculation. Due to a lack of more consistent data, this study aimed to establish a classification model of P. multocida pathogenicity in mice using strains isolated from poultry and swine. A total of 94 strains of P. multocida isolated from clinical cases of FC and from lungs of swine were tested. A volume of 0.1 mL of bacterial suspension was obtained from the concentration of 106 CFU/mL and inoculated by an intraperitoneal route in five mice. The animals were observed every six hours over seven days. In addition to the mortality observed, the time of death and gross lesions were also analyzed. The Pathogenicity Indexes obtained showed significant differences (p<0.05) according to the origin of the strains. Likewise, the number of gross lesions and isolation percentages were also varied (p<0.05) among strains isolated from poultry and swine. From the observed ratios, the isolates were grouped into three pathogenicity classes: high, medium and low. This study proposed a consistent measurement and classification of P. multocida pathogenicity. The obtained results will be used to generate other adjusted models, as well as to form the basis for disease diagnosis.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Camundongos/microbiologia , Pasteurella multocida/patogenicidade , Aves/microbiologiaRESUMO
Fowl cholera is a contagious disease that results from infection by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida. This microorganism is extensively distributed among animal species, but little is known regarding its pathogenesis and specificity to various hosts. Many studies using pathogenicity evaluation methods are subjective and difficult to quantify because they are often only involved in the observation of the lethal capacity of the agent in experimental inoculation. Due to a lack of more consistent data, this study aimed to establish a classification model of P. multocida pathogenicity in mice using strains isolated from poultry and swine. A total of 94 strains of P. multocida isolated from clinical cases of FC and from lungs of swine were tested. A volume of 0.1 mL of bacterial suspension was obtained from the concentration of 106 CFU/mL and inoculated by an intraperitoneal route in five mice. The animals were observed every six hours over seven days. In addition to the mortality observed, the time of death and gross lesions were also analyzed. The Pathogenicity Indexes obtained showed significant differences (p<0.05) according to the origin of the strains. Likewise, the number of gross lesions and isolation percentages were also varied (p<0.05) among strains isolated from poultry and swine. From the observed ratios, the isolates were grouped into three pathogenicity classes: high, medium and low. This study proposed a consistent measurement and classification of P. multocida pathogenicity. The obtained results will be used to generate other adjusted models, as well as to form the basis for disease diagnosis.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Aves/microbiologia , Camundongos/microbiologia , Pasteurella multocida/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Fowl Cholera (FC) is a disease caused by Pasteurella multocida. The severity of this disease is partly caused by virulence factors. Genes encoding fimbriae, capsule, sialidases and proteins for iron metabolism may be related to P. multocida's ability to infect the host. Besides to examining DNA for the presence of virulence genes, DNA is essential for the diagnostic and FTA cards are an alternative for genetic material transport. The study aims to evaluate the viability of P. multocida DNA transport using the cards and to detect 14 virulence genes in 27 strains isolated from FC cases in the United States by multiplex-PCR. No growth was observed in any of the FTA cards, which was essential to assess the security. Furthermore, DNA detection was possible in 100% of the samples, independent of the storage period (7 to 35 days) and temperature (4°C and 37°C). ptfA, exbd-tonB, hgbA, nanB, oma87, hyaD-hyaC, sodC, hgbB, sodA, nanH and pfhA genes were detected in more than 80% of the samples. FTA cards have proven to be a viable and safe tool for DNA transport of P. multocida. A majority of genes showed a high frequency, which was similar to strains isolated from FC cases.(AU)
Cólera aviária (CA) é uma doença causada pela bactéria Pasteurella multocida e a severidade dos casos é em parte justificada por fatores de virulência. Genes codificando fímbrias, cápsulas, sialidases, dismutases e proteínas do metabolismo férrico podem ser relacionados à capacidade do agente em infectar o hospedeiro. Além da obtenção do DNA para pesquisa de genes de virulência, o material genético é fundamental para o diagnóstico, e os cartões FTA seriam uma alternativa no transporte de microrganismos. Os objetivos da presente pesquisa foram avaliar a viabilidade do transporte de DNA de P. multocida através dos cartões e detectar 14 genes de virulência em 27 cepas isoladas de CA nos Estados Unidos, por meio de multiplex-PCR. Nenhuma das amostras para análise microbiológica da segurança dos cartões apresentou crescimento. Foi possível a detecção do DNA em 100% das amostras, independentemente do tempo de estocagem (sete a 35 dias) e das temperaturas (4°C e 37°C) avaliadas. Genes ptfA, exbd-tonB, hgbA, nanB, oma87, hyaD-hyaC, sodC, hgbB, sodA, nanH e pfhA foram detectados em mais de 80% das amostras. Os cartões FTA demonstraram ser uma ferramenta viável e segura para o transporte do DNA de P. multocida. A maioria dos genes apresentou uma alta frequência, compatível com isolados de CA.(AU)
Assuntos
Pasteurella multocida/genética , Pasteurella multocida/patogenicidade , Fatores de Virulência/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Fowl Cholera (FC) is a disease caused by Pasteurella multocida. The severity of this disease is partly caused by virulence factors. Genes encoding fimbriae, capsule, sialidases and proteins for iron metabolism may be related to P. multocida's ability to infect the host. Besides to examining DNA for the presence of virulence genes, DNA is essential for the diagnostic and FTA cards are an alternative for genetic material transport. The study aims to evaluate the viability of P. multocida DNA transport using the cards and to detect 14 virulence genes in 27 strains isolated from FC cases in the United States by multiplex-PCR. No growth was observed in any of the FTA cards, which was essential to assess the security. Furthermore, DNA detection was possible in 100% of the samples, independent of the storage period (7 to 35 days) and temperature (4°C and 37°C). ptfA, exbd-tonB, hgbA, nanB, oma87, hyaD-hyaC, sodC, hgbB, sodA, nanH and pfhA genes were detected in more than 80% of the samples. FTA cards have proven to be a viable and safe tool for DNA transport of P. multocida. A majority of genes showed a high frequency, which was similar to strains isolated from FC cases.(AU)
Cólera aviária (CA) é uma doença causada pela bactéria Pasteurella multocida e a severidade dos casos é em parte justificada por fatores de virulência. Genes codificando fímbrias, cápsulas, sialidases, dismutases e proteínas do metabolismo férrico podem ser relacionados à capacidade do agente em infectar o hospedeiro. Além da obtenção do DNA para pesquisa de genes de virulência, o material genético é fundamental para o diagnóstico, e os cartões FTA seriam uma alternativa no transporte de microrganismos. Os objetivos da presente pesquisa foram avaliar a viabilidade do transporte de DNA de P. multocida através dos cartões e detectar 14 genes de virulência em 27 cepas isoladas de CA nos Estados Unidos, por meio de multiplex-PCR. Nenhuma das amostras para análise microbiológica da segurança dos cartões apresentou crescimento. Foi possível a detecção do DNA em 100% das amostras, independentemente do tempo de estocagem (sete a 35 dias) e das temperaturas (4°C e 37°C) avaliadas. Genes ptfA, exbd-tonB, hgbA, nanB, oma87, hyaD-hyaC, sodC, hgbB, sodA, nanH e pfhA foram detectados em mais de 80% das amostras. Os cartões FTA demonstraram ser uma ferramenta viável e segura para o transporte do DNA de P. multocida. A maioria dos genes apresentou uma alta frequência, compatível com isolados de CA.(AU)
Assuntos
Pasteurella multocida/genética , Pasteurella multocida/patogenicidade , Fatores de Virulência/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium are responsible for causing huge economic loses in aviculture, as they lead young broiler chicks to develop clinical disease and thus increase mortality. Salmonella's pathogenicity is considered complex and multifactorial, demanding more studies that could elucidate the interaction between host and pathogen. The present study aims to evaluate the virulence of 130S. Enteritidis isolates and 70S. Typhimurium inoculated in one-day-old chicks through the establishment of a pathogenicity index. For each strain, 10 commercial chicks from the Cobb lineage were used. Then, 200µL of a solution containing 2x108 CFU of S. Enteritidis or S. Typhimurium were inoculated in the birds by intraperitoneal via. Mortality and presence of lesions such as aerosaculitis (A), perihepatitis (Ph), pericarditis (Pc), peritonitis (Pt), onfalitis (O) and cellulitis (C) were registered daily for seven days. From the second to the seventh day there was a proportional decrease in the punctuation of the time of death (TD) for each day that the bird had survived. The pathogenicity index was calculated using the following formula: PI = (TD x 5) + A + Ph + Pc + Pt + O + C. The obtainment of the PI of each bacterial sample was achieved by calculating the rate of the ten inoculated birds. Based on the obtained results, it was possible to attribute the pathogenicity value for each strain, which enabled us to classify them in groups of low (27/200), intermediate (95/200) and high (78/200) pathogenicity. The utilization of standards like time of death and presence of septicemic lesions made it possible to determine the pathogenicity rate for each strain. Besides that, the proposed model has presented dramatic differences between the high, intermediate and low pathogenicity groups, which makes this mechanism useful for further classification of strains isolated in poultry farms.
Salmonella Enteritidis e Salmonella Typhimurium são responsáveis por imensos prejuízos econômicos ao setor avícola, podendo levar ao desenvolvimento de doença clínica e ao aumento da mortalidade em aves jovens. A patogenicidade de Salmonella é considerada complexa e multifatorial, necessitando de estudos que possam esclarecer a interação entre patógeno e hospedeiro. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a virulência de 130 isolados de S. Enteritidis e 70 de S.Typhimurium, inoculadas em pintos de um dia de idade, por meio do estabelecimento de um índice de patogenicidade. Para cada cepa, foram utilizados 10 pintos comerciais da linhagem Cobb. As aves foram inoculadas com 200µL de uma solução contendo 2x108 UFC de S. Enteritidis ou S. Typhimurium, por via intraperitoneal. A mortalidade e a presença de lesões como aerossaculite (A), peri-hepatite (Ph), pericardite (Pc), peritonite (Pt), onfalite (O) e celulite (C) foram registradas diariamente durante sete dias. Do segundo ao sétimo dia, houve uma diminuição proporcional da pontuação no tempo de morte (TM) a cada dia em que o animal sobrevivia. O cálculo do índice de patogenicidade de cada pintinho inoculado (IP) obedeceu à seguinte fórmula: IP = (TMx5) + A + Ph + Pc + Pt + O + C. Para obtenção do IP de cada amostra, foi realizada a média do IP obtido com as 10 aves inoculadas. Com base nos resultados observados, foi possível atribuir um valor de patogenicidade a cada uma das cepas, permitindo classificá-las em grupos de baixa (27/200), intermediária (95/200) e alta patogenicidade (78/200). A utilização de critérios, como tempo de morte e presença de lesões septicêmicas, permitiu a determinação de um índice de patogenicidade para cada cepa. Além disso, o modelo proposto apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos de alta, intermediária e baixa patogenicidade, permitindo, assim, a sua aplicação para classificação futura das cepas isoladas em granjas avícolas.