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INTRODUCTION: Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide. Higher levels of catastrophizing were found in patients with LBP and this variable is associated with self-reported disability. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a self-report questionnaire that assesses catastrophizing in the presence of pain. Currently, an Argentine version of the PCS is not available. OBJECTIVE: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the PCS into Argentine Spanish and test the psychometric properties of the new version with chronic LBP patients. STUDY DESIGN: Study of diagnostic accuracy/assessment scale. METHODS: The study was carried out in three consecutive phases following the COSMIN guidelines: translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation. We included Argentine residents over 18 years with chronic LBP. We used the PCS and the Global rating of change (GROC) to assess the psychometric properties. RESULTS: No difficulties were present in the translation processes and the PCS-Arg was developed. The alfa Cronbach coefficient was 0.89. The standard error of measurement and the minimal detectable change were 5.4 and 15.1 points, respectively. In the explanatory factorial analysis 3 components were identified. For the construct validity, the correlation between the PCS-Arg and disability and pain were r = 0.35 and rho = 0.04, respectively. The mean PCS score was 29.9. The lowest and highest scores were 3 and 52 points, therefore, no roof or ceiling effects of the total score were observed. CONCLUSION: The PCS-Arg is a viable, reliable and valid tool for the assessment of catastrophizing in patients with chronic LBP.

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BACKGROUND: Visual vertigo (VV), triggered by environmental or dynamic visual stimuli and repetitive visual patterns, can affect daily life activities. The Visual Vertigo Analogue Scale (VVAS) is a valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire to assess VV, which has been culturally adapted to the Argentine population but has not been validated. OBJECTIVE: To validate the Argentine version of VVAS (VVAS-A) by confirming its psychometric properties in patients with vestibular disorders. METHODS: Vestibular patients (n = 82) completed the VVAS-A and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory Argentine version (DHI-A) during their initial visit and one week later. The VVAS-A's internal consistency, test retest reliability, ceiling and floor effects, and construct validity were determined. Test-retest data (n = 71) was used to calculate reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 2.1). RESULTS: A ceiling effect was observed in 12 patients (14.6%). Internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha: 0.91). The reliability was r = 0.764 [CI 95%: 0.7 -0.86]). Correlations were observed between the VVAS-A and the total DHI-A score (rho = 0.571), the DHI-A physical subscale (rho: 0.578), and DHI-A functional and emotional subscales of the DHI-A (rho: 0.537 and 0.387, respectively). CONCLUSION: The VVA-A is a valid, reliable tool to evaluate VV in patients with vestibular disorders.

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OBJECTIVE: Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of years lived with disability at a global scale. The development and chronicity of LBP are influenced by multiple factors, and among them is catastrophizing. We are unaware of the impact that catastrophizing may have on pain and disability in our population. We also lack the tools that allow us to determine in which cases catastrophizing should be assessed. The primary objective is to compare the disability and pain intensity values at baseline in low back pain patients with high and low catastrophizing. The secondary objectives are to analyse the correlation between variables and determine disability variance, and develop a prediction model to identify patients with high catastrophizing. METHOD: This is a retrospective study. We included the baseline data of patients with LBP. A PCS score ≥ 23 was classified as "high catastrophizing." RESULTS: A total 121 medical sheets were analysed. Patients with high catastrophizing showed greater disability, with no differences in pain intensity. The PCS value explained 20% of the variance of disability, and pain was 1%. A cut-off point of 11 in the RMQ allowed us to identify patients with high and low catastrophizing, with an accuracy of 76.67%. CONCLUSION: LBP patients with high catastrophizing reported greater disability than those with low catastrophizing, with no differences as to pain intensity. The PCS was the most relevant variable to explain variability in the RMQ. The RMQ allowed us to identify patients with high and low catastrophizing.

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OBJECTIVE: Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal injuries in the general population and athletes. Dynamic postural control deficits and somatosensory alterations are common signs after an episode of LAS. It is important to detect these deficits to prevent a recurrent sprain and the development of chronic ankle instability. The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is a tool used to assess dynamic postural control in patients with LAS. SEBT test-retest reliability has been evaluated in several populations. However, no data on patients with LAS are available and we do not know the minimal detectable change (MDC). The primary objective of our study was to obtain the MDC for normalized reach distances of the eight SEBT directions in patients with LAS. The secondary objective was to determine test-retest reliability. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Thirty-one patients (between 18 and 40 years old) diagnosed with a Grade I or II LAS. Participants were evaluated by two raters at two time-points separated by an interval of 24-72 hrs. In each assessment, four practice trials were allowed, then three test trials were performed in a randomized order. Normalized reaching distances were analyzed. RESULTS: From the initial 31 patients, two were eliminated, so 29 patients were considered for the final analysis. The MDC values obtained were 6.73-13.36%, and the medial and posteromedial directions showed the lowest and highest values, respectively. A statistically significant increase was found in lateral direction between T0 and T1. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.72 to 0.93. CONCLUSION: The SEBT is an accurate and reliable tool to assess dynamic postural control in patients with LAS.

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Visual dizziness occurs when high visual dependence interferes with compensation for a vestibular lesion and leads to intolerance in situations of visual conflict. The Visual Vertigo Analogue Scale (VVAS) is a self-administered, valid and reliable questionnaire that serves to assess visual dizziness. The use of questionnaires in different cultures and languages requires that they be translated and adapted to the local culture. There is no version of the VVAS in Argentina. The objectives of this study were to translate and carry out a cross-cultural adaptation of the VVAS into Spanish for use with vestibular patients in Argentina. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was carried out from November 2015 to January 2016 in the Kinesiology Service of a public hospital in the city of Buenos Aires. Patients were Argentines older than 18 years who suffered from a vestibular disorder. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation were based on the guide to the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-administered measurements by Beaton et al. RESULTS: 39 patients were included in the VVAS cross-cultural adaptation process. All changes made by the committee of experts were for the purpose of ensuring the semantic, idiomatic, experimental and conceptual equivalence of the two versions. CONCLUSION: The original version of the VVAS has been translated into Spanish and adapted for use in the Argentine population with vestibular disorders.

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BACKGROUND: American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons questionnaire (ASES-p) has been translated into Spanish, but it has not been adapted to the Argentine population yet. Although Spain and Argentina speak the same language, linguistic differences between Spanish-speaking countries may affect the interpretation of the different items included in the questionnaire. OBJECTIVE: To conduct the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the self-report section of the ASES-p into Argentine Spanish for patients with musculoskeletal shoulder disorders, and to assess its psychometric properties. DESIGN: Study of diagnostic accuracy/assessment scale. METHOD: The study was carried out in three consecutive phases: translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation for its use in Argentina. In the third phase, we used the ASES-p, Short Form 36 (SF-36), EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D), and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaires, and the Global Rating of Change (GROC) scale. RESULTS: One hundred three participants completed a set of questionnaires on two occasions and were included in the final analysis. The time taken to answer and score the questionnaire was 118 and 52 s, respectively. Neither a ceiling nor a floor effect was observed. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.85. Intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.83. A significant correlation was found between the DASH, the GROC and various SF-36 subscales. There were strong indices of concurrent-cross validation, longitudinal validity, and construct validity. The ASES-p questionnaire showed a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) value of 7.88 points. CONCLUSION: Some psychometric properties in reliability and validity were acceptable in the Argentine version of the ASES-p questionnaire.

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INTRODUCTION: The simultaneous rupture of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and patellar ligament (PL) is an infrequent condition. Each isolated injury has surgical techniques and rehabilitation protocols that differ widely among each other. Nonetheless, there is no established physical rehabilitation approach when both injuries are associated. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this report is to describe the rehabilitation and the outcomes obtained in the postoperative period of simultaneous rupture of ACL and PL and the follow-up period. CASE REPORT: A 21-year-old male patient suffered the rupture of ACL and PL after landing from a jump while playing soccer. The knee was immediately immobilized, and 10 weeks later, he was operated in a one-stage surgery. He initiated his rehabilitation 3 weeks after the surgical resolution. A three-times a week rehabilitation was implemented to restore range of motion and improve functional status. An extensive evaluation was carried out monthly using dynamic neuromuscular tests and self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS: At the end of the rehabilitation, he presented a complete extension and 130° of knee flexion in passive open kinetic chain. The Single Leg Squat and Landing Error Scoring System showed a good performance, while the Star Excursion Balance Test and the single hops assessments were symmetrical. The International Knee Documentation Committee and Lower Extremity Functional Scale questionnaires yielded values of 90.8% and 77 points, respectively. CONCLUSION: An approach based on mobility exercises and strengthening of the lower limbs and the core muscles, considering the biological healing times of each particular structure, made it possible to obtain satisfactory results in mobility, functional tests, self-reported questionnaires, and patient's satisfaction.

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The Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) is a self-report questionnaire created to evaluate a patient's functional status in a wide spectrum of lower extremity musculoskeletal conditions. Thus far, there is no valid version in Argentina. The aims of this study were to translate the LEFS, cross-culturally adapt it for use in the Argentine population, and validate it in our country by determining its psychometric properties in patients over the age of 18 with lower extremity musculoskeletal conditions, comparing it with the SF-36 and the following functional tests: step test and timed up and go. One hundred and thirty three patients were included between July 2010 and January 2012. The test-retest reliability was high, with an ICC of 0.91 (95% CI 0.85 - 0.94). The correlation of the LEFS with the physical functioning subscale and the physical component summary score of the SF-36 was high (p < 0.001) and showed moderate response with the timed up and go and step test at the baseline (p < 0.001). This version of the LEFS is a valid, reliable tool used in Argentina to measure functional status in patients with lower extremity musculoskeletal conditions that we recommend for future clinical research projects and daily clinical use.

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El Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) es un cuestionario autoadministrado, creado para evaluar el estado funcional en pacientes con una amplia variedad de condiciones musculoesqueléticas del miembro inferior. No existe una versión argentina validada. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron traducir, adaptar transculturalmente el LEFS para su uso en la población argentina y validarlo en nuestro país determinando sus propiedades psicométricas en pacientes mayores de 18 años con afecciones musculoesqueléticas del miembro inferior, comparándolo con el SF-36 y los test funcionales timed up and go y step test. Se incluyeron 133 pacientes desde julio de 2010 hasta enero de 2012. La fiabilidad test-retest fue alta, con un CCI 0.91 (95% IC 0.85 - 0.94). La correlación del LEFS con la subescala de función física y el resumen del componente físico del SF-36 fue alta (p < 0.001) y con el step test y el timed up and go, moderada al inicio (p < 0.001). Esta versión del LEFS es una herramienta válida y confiable para evaluar el estado funcional de pacientes con condiciones musculoesqueléticas del miembro inferior, en la Argentina. Se recomienda su uso para la práctica clínica y para futuras investigaciones.

The Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) is a self-report questionnaire created to evaluate a patient's functional status in a wide spectrum of lower extremity musculoskeletal conditions. Thus far, there is no valid version in Argentina. The aims of this study were to translate the LEFS, cross-culturally adapt it for use in the Argentine population, and validate it in our country by determining its psychometric properties in patients over the age of 18 with lower extremity musculoskeletal conditions, comparing it with the SF-36 and the following functional tests: step test and timed up and go. One hundred and thirty three patients were included between July 2010 and January 2012. The test-retest reliability was high, with an ICC of 0.91 (95% CI 0.85 - 0.94). The correlation of the LEFS with the physical functioning subscale and the physical component summary score of the SF-36 was high (p < 0.001) and showed moderate response with the timed up and go and step test at the baseline (p < 0.001). This version of the LEFS is a valid, reliable tool used in Argentina to measure functional status in patients with lower extremity musculoskeletal conditions that we recommend for future clinical research projects and daily clinical use.

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