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PURPOSE: Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) brings several benefits for insulin-dependent type-1 diabetic patients associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, data on psychological outcomes for the waiting list and the transplanted patients are still lacking. METHODS: Using the psychological Beck inventories of anxiety (BAI) and depression (BDI), 39 patients on the waiting list were compared to 88 post-transplanted patients who had undergone SPKT. RESULTS: Significant differences were found regarding depression (p = 0.003) but not anxiety (p = 0.161), being the pretransplant patients more vulnerable to psychological disorders. Remarkable differences were observed relative to the feeling of punishment (p < 0.001) and suicidal thoughts (p = 0.008) between the groups. It was observed that patients who waited a longer period for the transplant showed more post-transplant anxiety symptoms due to the long treatment burden (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated the positive impact of SPKT on psychological aspects related to depression when comparing the groups. The high number of stressors in the pretransplant stage impacts more severely the psychosocial condition of the patient.

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Purpose: Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) brings several benefits for insulin-dependent type-1 diabetic patients associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, data on psychological outcomes for the waiting list and the transplanted patients are still lacking. Methods: Using the psychological Beck inventories of anxiety (BAI) and depression (BDI), 39 patients on the waiting list were compared to 88 post-transplanted patients who had undergone SPKT. Results: Significant differences were found regarding depression (p = 0.003) but not anxiety (p = 0.161), being the pretransplant patients more vulnerable to psychological disorders. Remarkable differences were observed relative to the feeling of punishment (p < 0.001) and suicidal thoughts (p = 0.008) between the groups. It was observed that patients who waited a longer period for the transplant showed more post-transplant anxiety symptoms due to the long treatment burden (p = 0.002). Conclusions: These results demonstrated the positive impact of SPKT on psychological aspects related to depression when comparing the groups. The high number of stressors in the pretransplant stage impacts more severely the psychosocial condition of the patient.

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BACKGROUND: We sought to identify the risk factors involved in survival of and tumor recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing liver transplant (LTx). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study and analyzed the medical records of 414 patients with HCC undergoing deceased donor LTx in São Paulo between January 2007 and December 2011. Multifactorial analysis of survival and recurrence was performed using clinical, laboratory, and pathology data. RESULTS: The mortality rate was 27.5%; mean survival time was 68.1 months (95% confidence interval, 64.7-71.6); and estimated 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival probabilities were 83.8%, 75.8%, and 71.5%, respectively. Altered donor blood glucose, female sex, vascular invasion, advanced age, high Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, and tumor size were the main risk factors determining survival in LTx recipients. Recurrence was noted in 7.2% of patients during the study period and was more frequent in women (hazard ratio, 2.6). Vascular invasion increased the chance of recurrence by 5.4 times. Each additional 1-year increase in recipient age increased the chance of recurrence by 5.6%, and each 1-mm increase in tumor size increased the chance of recurrence by 3%. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors for reduced survival are donor blood glucose, female recipient, older age, increased Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, and nodule size. Tumor recurrence risk factors are vascular invasion, female sex, recipient age, and nodule size.

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OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the oral conditions and the main predisposing factors for dental treatment of patients on the waiting list for liver and simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation, in a single center. METHODS: we evaluated 100 patients in the waiting list, 50 candidates for liver transplantation and 50 for simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation, from August 2015 to February 2018. We correlated extra and intraoral examinations with pre-transplant demographic variables. RESULTS: the main oral alteration in the pancreas-kidney and liver transplant candidates were decayed, lost and filled teeth, present in 83% and 100% of the candidates, respectively (p=0.03). The need for dental treatment was equal in both groups: 71% and 70%. In liver transplant candidates, the predisposing factors for dental treatment were age, color and etiological diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. We did not identify predisposing factors for dental treatment in candidates for simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant. CONCLUSION: candidates for liver and for simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation had poor oral hygiene, with cavities, residual roots, gingivitis and periodontitis, revealing that dental evaluation should be part of the transplantation waiting list.

OBJETIVO: avaliar as condições bucais e os principais fatores predisponentes para tratamento odontológico de pacientes em lista de espera para transplante simultâneo de pâncreas-rim e para transplante hepático, em um centro único. MÉTODOS: foram avaliados 100 pacientes na fila de espera, 50 candidatos a transplante hepático e 50 a transplante simultâneo de pâncreas-rim, no período de agosto de 2015 a fevereiro de 2018. Exames extra e intrabucais foram correlacionados com variáveis demográficas pré-transplante. RESULTADOS: a principal alteração bucal nos candidatos a transplante de pâncreas-rim e de transplante hepático foram dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados, presentes em 83% e 100% dos candidatos, respectivamente (P=0,03). A necessidade de tratamento odontológico foi igual nos dois grupos: 71% e 70%. Nos candidatos a transplante hepático, os fatores predisponentes para tratamento odontológico foram idade, cor e diagnóstico etiológico da cirrose hepática. Não identificamos fatores predisponentes para tratamento odontológico nos candidatos a transplante simultâneo pâncreas-rim. CONCLUSÃO: pacientes candidatos a transplante simultâneo de pâncreas-rim e transplante hepático apresentaram higiene bucal precária com presença de cárie, raízes residuais, gengivite e periodontite, revelando que a avaliação odontológica deve fazer parte do protocolo de atendimento dos pacientes em fila de espera para transplantes.

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OBJECTIVE: considering simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation cases, to evaluate the financial impact of postoperative complications on hospitalization cost. METHODS: a retrospective study of hospitalization data from patients consecutively submitted to simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT), from January 2008 to December 2014, at Kidney Hospital/Oswaldo Ramos Foundation (Sao Paulo, Brazil). The main studied variables were reoperation, graft pancreatectomy, death, postoperative complications (surgical, infectious, clinical, and immunological ones), and hospitalization financial data for transplantation. RESULTS: the sample was composed of 179 transplanted patients. The characteristics of donors and recipients were similar in patients with and without complications. In data analysis, 58.7% of the patients presented some postoperative complication, 21.8% required reoperation, 12.3% demanded graft pancreatectomy, and 8.4% died. The need for reoperation or graft pancreatectomy increased hospitalization cost by 53.3% and 78.57%, respectively. The presence of postoperative complications significantly increased hospitalization cost. However, the presence of death, internal hernia, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and pancreatic graft dysfunction did not present statistical significance in hospitalization cost (in average US$ 18,516.02). CONCLUSION: considering patients who underwent SPKT, postoperative complications, reoperation, and graft pancreatectomy, as well as surgical, infectious, clinical, and immunological complications, significantly increased the mean cost of hospitalization. However, death, internal hernia, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and pancreatic graft dysfunction did not statistically interfere in hospitalization cost.

OBJETIVO: avaliar o impacto financeiro das complicações pós-operatórias no transplante simultâneo pâncreas-rim durante a internação hospitalar. MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo dos dados da internação hospitalar dos pacientes submetidos consecutivamente ao transplante simultâneo pâncreas-rim no período de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2014 no Hospital do Rim/Fundação Oswaldo Ramos. As principais variáveis estudadas foram a reoperação, pancreatectomia do enxerto, óbito, complicações pós-operatórias (cirúrgicas, infecciosas, clínicas e imunológicas) e os dados financeiros da internação para o transplante. RESULTADOS: a amostra foi composta de 179 pacientes transplantados. As características dos doadores e receptores foram semelhantes nos pacientes com e sem complicações. Na análise dos dados, 58,7% dos pacientes apresentaram alguma complicação pós-operatória, 21,8% necessitaram de reoperação, 12,3%, de pancreatectomia do enxerto e 8,4% evoluíram para o óbito. A necessidade de reoperação ou pancreatectomia do enxerto aumentou o custo da internação em 53,3% e 78,57%, respectivamente. A presença de complicação pós-operatória aumentou significativamente o custo. Entretanto, a presença de óbito, hérnia interna, infarto agudo do miocárdio, acidente vascular cerebral e disfunção do enxerto pancreático não apresentaram significância estatística no custo, cuja média foi de US$ 18,516.02. CONCLUSÃO: complicações pós-operatórias, reoperação e pancreatectomia do enxerto aumentaram significativamente o custo médio da internação hospitalar do SPK, assim como as complicações cirúrgicas, infecciosas, clínicas e imunológicas. No entanto, o óbito durante a internação, a hérnia interna, o infarto agudo do miocárdio, o acidente vascular cerebral e a disfunção do enxerto pancreático não interferiram estatisticamente neste custo.

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RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o impacto financeiro das complicações pós-operatórias no transplante simultâneo pâncreas-rim durante a internação hospitalar. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo dos dados da internação hospitalar dos pacientes submetidos consecutivamente ao transplante simultâneo pâncreas-rim no período de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2014 no Hospital do Rim/Fundação Oswaldo Ramos. As principais variáveis estudadas foram a reoperação, pancreatectomia do enxerto, óbito, complicações pós-operatórias (cirúrgicas, infecciosas, clínicas e imunológicas) e os dados financeiros da internação para o transplante. Resultados: a amostra foi composta de 179 pacientes transplantados. As características dos doadores e receptores foram semelhantes nos pacientes com e sem complicações. Na análise dos dados, 58,7% dos pacientes apresentaram alguma complicação pós-operatória, 21,8% necessitaram de reoperação, 12,3%, de pancreatectomia do enxerto e 8,4% evoluíram para o óbito. A necessidade de reoperação ou pancreatectomia do enxerto aumentou o custo da internação em 53,3% e 78,57%, respectivamente. A presença de complicação pós-operatória aumentou significativamente o custo. Entretanto, a presença de óbito, hérnia interna, infarto agudo do miocárdio, acidente vascular cerebral e disfunção do enxerto pancreático não apresentaram significância estatística no custo, cuja média foi de US$ 18,516.02. Conclusão: complicações pós-operatórias, reoperação e pancreatectomia do enxerto aumentaram significativamente o custo médio da internação hospitalar do SPK, assim como as complicações cirúrgicas, infecciosas, clínicas e imunológicas. No entanto, o óbito durante a internação, a hérnia interna, o infarto agudo do miocárdio, o acidente vascular cerebral e a disfunção do enxerto pancreático não interferiram estatisticamente neste custo.

ABSTRACT Objective: considering simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation cases, to evaluate the financial impact of postoperative complications on hospitalization cost. Methods: a retrospective study of hospitalization data from patients consecutively submitted to simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT), from January 2008 to December 2014, at Kidney Hospital/Oswaldo Ramos Foundation (Sao Paulo, Brazil). The main studied variables were reoperation, graft pancreatectomy, death, postoperative complications (surgical, infectious, clinical, and immunological ones), and hospitalization financial data for transplantation. Results: the sample was composed of 179 transplanted patients. The characteristics of donors and recipients were similar in patients with and without complications. In data analysis, 58.7% of the patients presented some postoperative complication, 21.8% required reoperation, 12.3% demanded graft pancreatectomy, and 8.4% died. The need for reoperation or graft pancreatectomy increased hospitalization cost by 53.3% and 78.57%, respectively. The presence of postoperative complications significantly increased hospitalization cost. However, the presence of death, internal hernia, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and pancreatic graft dysfunction did not present statistical significance in hospitalization cost (in average US$ 18,516.02). Conclusion: considering patients who underwent SPKT, postoperative complications, reoperation, and graft pancreatectomy, as well as surgical, infectious, clinical, and immunological complications, significantly increased the mean cost of hospitalization. However, death, internal hernia, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and pancreatic graft dysfunction did not statistically interfere in hospitalization cost.

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RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar as condições bucais e os principais fatores predisponentes para tratamento odontológico de pacientes em lista de espera para transplante simultâneo de pâncreas-rim e para transplante hepático, em um centro único. Métodos: foram avaliados 100 pacientes na fila de espera, 50 candidatos a transplante hepático e 50 a transplante simultâneo de pâncreas-rim, no período de agosto de 2015 a fevereiro de 2018. Exames extra e intrabucais foram correlacionados com variáveis demográficas pré-transplante. Resultados: a principal alteração bucal nos candidatos a transplante de pâncreas-rim e de transplante hepático foram dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados, presentes em 83% e 100% dos candidatos, respectivamente (P=0,03). A necessidade de tratamento odontológico foi igual nos dois grupos: 71% e 70%. Nos candidatos a transplante hepático, os fatores predisponentes para tratamento odontológico foram idade, cor e diagnóstico etiológico da cirrose hepática. Não identificamos fatores predisponentes para tratamento odontológico nos candidatos a transplante simultâneo pâncreas-rim. Conclusão: pacientes candidatos a transplante simultâneo de pâncreas-rim e transplante hepático apresentaram higiene bucal precária com presença de cárie, raízes residuais, gengivite e periodontite, revelando que a avaliação odontológica deve fazer parte do protocolo de atendimento dos pacientes em fila de espera para transplantes.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the oral conditions and the main predisposing factors for dental treatment of patients on the waiting list for liver and simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation, in a single center. Methods: we evaluated 100 patients in the waiting list, 50 candidates for liver transplantation and 50 for simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation, from August 2015 to February 2018. We correlated extra and intraoral examinations with pre-transplant demographic variables. Results: the main oral alteration in the pancreas-kidney and liver transplant candidates were decayed, lost and filled teeth, present in 83% and 100% of the candidates, respectively (p=0.03). The need for dental treatment was equal in both groups: 71% and 70%. In liver transplant candidates, the predisposing factors for dental treatment were age, color and etiological diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. We did not identify predisposing factors for dental treatment in candidates for simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant. Conclusion: candidates for liver and for simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation had poor oral hygiene, with cavities, residual roots, gingivitis and periodontitis, revealing that dental evaluation should be part of the transplantation waiting list.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the technique of uterine transplantation and the use of drugs used in the process of immunosuppression. METHODS: We included 12 sows, and immunosuppression was performed with minimal doses of cyclosporine, and cross-match was done to exclude the possibility of blood incompatibility. Hysterectomy was performed in the donor under general anesthesia, with the removal of the aorta and inferior vena cava in monobloc, and anastomosis of these vessels was made in the recipient. RESULTS: Six experiments were performed, and on the immediate postoperative period, five animals had good reperfusion. However, on the seventh postoperative day, histological analysis showed rejection in five animals. CONCLUSION: The experimental model of uterine transplantation is feasible, but monitoring doses of immunosuppressants is pivotal to prevent rejection episodes.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the technique of uterine transplantation and the use of drugs used in the process of immunosuppression. Methods: We included 12 sows, and immunosuppression was performed with minimal doses of cyclosporine, and cross-match was done to exclude the possibility of blood incompatibility. Hysterectomy was performed in the donor under general anesthesia, with the removal of the aorta and inferior vena cava in monobloc, and anastomosis of these vessels was made in the recipient. Results: Six experiments were performed, and on the immediate postoperative period, five animals had good reperfusion. However, on the seventh postoperative day, histological analysis showed rejection in five animals. Conclusion: The experimental model of uterine transplantation is feasible, but monitoring doses of immunosuppressants is pivotal to prevent rejection episodes.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a técnica de transplante uterino e o uso de drogas no processo de imunossupressão. Métodos: Foram incluídas 12 porcas, sendo realizada imunossupressão com doses mínimas de ciclosporina, e prova cruzada para afastar a possibilidade de incompatibilidade sanguínea. Realizou-se, na doadora, histerectomia sob anestesia geral, com a retirada, em monobloco, da aorta e da veia cava inferior, de tal forma que, na receptora, fosse possível realizar a anastomose com estes vasos. Resultados: Foram realizados seis experimentos e, no pós-operatório imediato, houve boa reperfusão em cinco animais. Entretanto, no sétimo dia de pós-operatório, as análises histológicas demonstraram rejeição em cinco deles. Conclusão: O modelo experimental de transplante uterino é factível, mas a monitorização das doses de imunossupressores é importante, a fim de impedir os episódios de rejeição.

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Purpose: To analyze the use of this sponge in pediatric patients undergoing split-liver transplantation. Methods: Retrospective study, including 35 pediatric patients undergoing split-liver transplantation, divided into two groups according to the use of the sponge: 18 patients in Group A (no sponge) and 17 in Group B (with sponge). Results: The characteristics of recipients and donors were similar. We observed greater number of reoperation due to bleeding in the wound area in Group A (10 patients - 55.5%) than in Group B (3 patients - 17.6%); p = 0.035. The median volume of red blood cells transfused in Group A was significantly higher (73.4 ± 102.38 mL/kg) than that in Group B (35.1 ± 41.67 mL/kg); p = 0.048. Regarding bile leak there was no statistical difference. Conclusion: The use of the human fibrinogen and thrombin sponge, required lower volume of red blood cell transfusion and presented lower reoperation rates due to bleeding in the wound area.(AU)

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