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OBJECTIVE: To review key evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral facial palsy in children and adults. METHODS: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on peripheral facial palsy were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians' guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association's guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions. RESULTS: The topics were divided into 2 main parts: (1) Evaluation and diagnosis of facial palsy: electrophysiologic tests, idiopathic facial palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, traumatic peripheral facial palsy, recurrent peripheral facial palsy, facial nerve tumors, and peripheral facial palsy in children; and (2) Rehabilitation procedures: surgical decompression of the facial nerve, facial nerve grafting, surgical treatment of long-term peripheral facial palsy, and non-surgical rehabilitation of the facial nerve. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral facial palsy is a condition of diverse etiology. Treatment should be individualized according to the cause of facial nerve dysfunction, but the literature presents better evidence-based recommendations for systemic corticosteroid therapy.

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Abstract Objective To review key evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral facial palsy in children and adults. Methods Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on peripheral facial palsy were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians' guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association's guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions. Results The topics were divided into 2 main parts: (1) Evaluation and diagnosis of facial palsy: electrophysiologic tests, idiopathic facial palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, traumatic peripheral facial palsy, recurrent peripheral facial palsy, facial nerve tumors, and peripheral facial palsy in children; and (2) Rehabilitation procedures: surgical decompression of the facial nerve, facial nerve grafting, surgical treatment of long-term peripheral facial palsy, and non-surgical rehabilitation of the facial nerve. Conclusions Peripheral facial palsy is a condition of diverse etiology. Treatment should be individualized according to the cause of facial nerve dysfunction, but the literature presents better evidence-based recommendations for systemic corticosteroid therapy.

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OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of vestibular schwannoma. METHODS: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on vestibular schwannoma were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians' guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association's guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions. RESULTS: The topics were divided into 2 parts: (1) Diagnosis - audiologic, electrophysiologic tests, and imaging; (2) Treatment - wait and scan protocols, surgery, radiosurgery/radiotherapy, and systemic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Decision making in VS treatment has become more challenging. MRI can diagnose increasingly smaller tumors, which has disastrous consequences for the patients and their families. It is important to develop an individualized approach for each case, which highly depends on the experience of each surgical team.

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Abstract Objectives: To determinate the otoprotective efficacy of melatonin.in experimental models of rodents through a systematic review of the literature. Methods: Altogether, 154 articles were found in four databases. The PICOS strategy (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) was used to define the eligibility criteria. Studies that met the inclusion criteria for the second step were included in a qualitative synthesis. Each study type was analyzed with the CAMARADES quality of assessment's checklist and the SYRCLE RoBS risk of bias. Results: Seven articles were selected, and four were included in the meta-analysis. It was possible to obtain seven outcomes according to the standard auditory frequencies presented among the studies, considering a minimum of three standard frequencies. The outcomes analyzed were for the frequencies of 1500, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, and 8000 Hz. Conclusion: Melatonin can provide protection against the ototoxic effects of cisplatin and aminoglycosides at 5000 Hz, 6000 Hz, and 8000 Hz, thereby minimizing the reduction in Otoacustic Emissions (OAE) amplitude. The same effect was not observed in the lower frequencies. Despite the limited number of studies that were evaluated, the results appeared consistent in higher frequencies. However, the methodology of the available studies did not meet the necessary methodological rigor that promotes the safe replicability of these studies.

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Abstract Objectives: To review and provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of otosclerosis. Methods: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on otosclerosis were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians' guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association's guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions. Results: The topics were divided into 2 parts: 1) Diagnosis - audiologic and radiologic; 2) Treatment - hearing AIDS, pharmacological therapy, stapes surgery, and implantable devices - bone-anchored devices, active middle ear implants, and Cochlear Implants (CI). Conclusions: The pathophysiology of otosclerosis has not yet been fully elucidated, but environmental factors and unidentified genes are likely to play a significant role in it. Women with otosclerosis are not at increased risk of worsening clinical condition due to the use of contraceptives or during pregnancy. Drug treatment has shown little benefit. If the patient does not want to undergo stapedotomy, the use of hearing aids is well indicated. Implantable systems should be indicated only in rare cases, and the CI should be indicated in cases of profound deafness.

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PURPOSE: To analyze the effect of communication training developed for adolescents on the youth's communication skills. METHODS: Forty-one young people participated in the study and were divided into two groups. Group I received intervention - communication training for five weeks; Group II - were guided on the importance of voice for communication. Participants had their communication skills assessed before/after interventions through a self-administered questionnaire, answered by the participant and parents. Both groups had oral presentations recorded on video, which were analyzed by speech therapists through the evaluation of the communication profile, listing the aspects that should be observed as a point of strength/opportunity for improvement. Association between qualitative variables was assessed using Fischer's exact test, Pearson's chi-square test, McNemar's test, and McNemar-Bowker's test. To compare groups, paired t-test and t-test for independent samples, p level <0.05, were used. RESULTS: The analysis of questionnaires showed improvement in GI in two of the four skills assessed and no difference for GII. The video evaluations showed a significant difference between the groups in terms of eye contact and speech velocity. CONCLUSION: This study points out that the communication training method applied to young people might improve communicative skills, providing some insights into their communication strengths and potential areas for development.

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OBJECTIVES: To review and provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of otosclerosis. METHODS: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on otosclerosis were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians' guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association's guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions. RESULTS: The topics were divided into 2 parts: 1) Diagnosis - audiologic and radiologic; 2) Treatment - hearing AIDS, pharmacological therapy, stapes surgery, and implantable devices - bone-anchored devices, active middle ear implants, and Cochlear Implants (CI). CONCLUSIONS: The pathophysiology of otosclerosis has not yet been fully elucidated, but environmental factors and unidentified genes are likely to play a significant role in it. Women with otosclerosis are not at increased risk of worsening clinical condition due to the use of contraceptives or during pregnancy. Drug treatment has shown little benefit. If the patient does not want to undergo stapedotomy, the use of hearing aids is well indicated. Implantable systems should be indicated only in rare cases, and the CI should be indicated in cases of profound deafness.

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OBJECTIVES: To determinate the otoprotective efficacy of melatonin.in experimental models of rodents through a systematic review of the literature. METHODS: Altogether, 154 articles were found in four databases. The PICOS strategy (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) was used to define the eligibility criteria. Studies that met the inclusion criteria for the second step were included in a qualitative synthesis. Each study type was analyzed with the CAMARADES quality of assessment's checklist and the SYRCLE RoBS risk of bias. RESULTS: Seven articles were selected, and four were included in the meta-analysis. It was possible to obtain seven outcomes according to the standard auditory frequencies presented among the studies, considering a minimum of three standard frequencies. The outcomes analyzed were for the frequencies of 1500, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, and 8000 Hz. CONCLUSION: Melatonin can provide protection against the ototoxic effects of cisplatin and aminoglycosides at 5000 Hz, 6000 Hz, and 8000 Hz, thereby minimizing the reduction in Otoacustic Emissions (OAE) amplitude. The same effect was not observed in the lower frequencies. Despite the limited number of studies that were evaluated, the results appeared consistent in higher frequencies. However, the methodology of the available studies did not meet the necessary methodological rigor that promotes the safe replicability of these studies.

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OBJECTIVES: To provide an overview of the main evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of hearing loss in children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years. METHODS: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on childhood hearing loss were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians' guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association's guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions. RESULTS: The evaluation and diagnosis of hearing loss: universal newborn hearing screening, laboratory testing, congenital infections (especially cytomegalovirus), genetic testing and main syndromes, radiologic imaging studies, vestibular assessment of children with hearing loss, auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and noise-induced hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS: Every child with suspected hearing loss has the right to diagnosis and appropriate treatment if necessary. This task force considers 5 essential rights: (1) Otolaryngologist consultation; (2) Speech assessment and therapy; (3) Diagnostic tests; (4) Treatment; (5) Ophthalmologist consultation.

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OBJECTIVES: To provide an overview of the main evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of hearing loss in children and adolescents aged 0-18 years. METHODS: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on childhood hearing loss were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians' guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association's guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions. RESULTS: The topics were divided into 2 parts: (1) treatment of sensorineural hearing loss: individual hearing aids, bilateral cochlear implants, cochlear implants in young children, unilateral hearing loss, and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder; and (2) treatment of conductive/mixed hearing loss: external/middle ear malformations, ventilation tube insertion, and tympanoplasty in children. CONCLUSIONS: In children with hearing loss, in addition to speech therapy, Hearing AIDS (HAs) or implantable systems may be indicated. Even in children with profound hearing loss, both the use of HAs and behavioral assessments while using the device are important.

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