RESUMO
Renal fibrosis is characterized by glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis and its pathogenesis is associated with the activity of mesenchymal cells (fibroblasts), being essentially characterized by a process of excessive accumulation resulting from the deposition of extracellular matrix components. The aim of this study was to characterize the morphological presentation of chronic and fibrotic lesions in the glomerular, tubular, interstitial, and vascular compartments in feline CKD, as well as the possible participation of myofibroblasts in renal fibrotic processes in this species. Cat kidneys were collected and processed according to the conventional techniques for light microscopy, circular polarization, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Fibrotic alterations were present in all compartments analyzed. The main findings in the glomerular compartment were different degrees of glomerular sclerosis, synechia formation, Bowman's capsule calcification, in addition to glomerular basement membrane thickening and pericapsular fibrosis. The tubulointerstitial compartment had intense tubular degeneration and the immunostaining in tubular cells for mesenchymal cell markers demonstrated the possibility of mesenchymal epithelial transition and consequent involvement of myofibroblasts in the development of interstitial tubule damage. Infiltration of inflammatory cells, added to vessel thickening and fibrosis, demonstrated the severity and role of inflammation in the development and perpetuation of damage. Thus, we may conclude that fibrotic lesions play a relevant role in feline CKD and the mechanism of perpetuation of these lesions need further elucidation regarding the origin and participation of myofibroblasts and consequent mesenchymal epithelial transition in this species.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/patologia , Rim/patologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/veterinária , Actinas/ultraestrutura , Animais , Gatos , Colágeno/ultraestrutura , Matriz Extracelular/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Fibroblastos/ultraestrutura , Fibrose/veterinária , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Inflamação/veterinária , Rim/ultraestrutura , Glomérulos Renais/patologia , Glomérulos Renais/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Microscopia/métodos , Microscopia/veterinária , Microscopia Confocal/veterinária , Microscopia Eletrônica/veterinária , Microscopia de Polarização/veterinária , Miofibroblastos/ultraestrutura , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/patologiaRESUMO
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a relevant disease in feline clinic. The tubulointerstitial damage, with collagen deposition and fibrosis, is an important result of this process. The aim of this study was to quantify and correlate the deposition of collagen and severity of interstitial fibrosis (IF) in the kidney from cats in different stages of CKD. Kidney fragments from 10 adult cats with CKD were analyzed and stained by Masson's trichrome (MT) and Picrosirius red (PSR) for circular polarized microscopy. Random quantitative analysis was performed on MT sections to classify the degree of IF, per field area, with and without circular polarization. Statistics correlations were performed by Spearman's (ρ; p < .05). There was a significant correlation of IF quantification with the area of interstitial collagen deposition by polarized PSR (PSRp) (r = .7939, p = .0098) and nonpolarized PSR (PSRn) (r = .7781, p = .0080). There was a positive correlation of serum creatinine (sCr) at different stages of CKD with PSRp (r = .7939, p = .0098), PSRn (r = .8667, p = .0027) and MT (r = .7818, p = .0117). Correlations between the percentage of quantified area was also positive from PSRp to PSRn (r = .9030, p = .0009) and PSRp to MT (r = .7939, p = .0098). The PSRN was also correlated with MT (r = .9273, p = .0001). The correlation with IF and sCr follows the disease evolution and the quantification of collagen by PSR is an excellent tool for analyzing the disease severity at different stages.
Assuntos
Compostos Azo/química , Doenças do Gato/patologia , Colágeno/análise , Corantes/química , Microscopia de Polarização/métodos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Gatos , Colágeno/ultraestrutura , Creatinina/sangue , Feminino , Fibrose , Rim/química , Rim/patologia , Rim/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/patologia , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
A biotecnologia que envolve as técnicas de resfriamento e criopreservação pode permitir a conservaçãode material genético e ser utilizada para preservação de desovas de animais ameaçados de extinção. No entanto,o sucesso da aplicação dessas técnicas abrange o entendimento da ação de diluidores, fluxo e influxo de agentescrioprotetores, toxicidade, curvas de resfriamento, além dos processos de congelamento e descongelamento.Também é importante levar em consideração que a influência de todos esses fatores varia dentre as diversasespécies de animais. Assim, este artigo sistematiza os recentes avanços no resfriamento e na criopreservação deinvertebrados aquáticos de interesse comercial.
Biotechnology involving cooling and cryopreservation techniques can allow the preservation of geneticmaterial and be used to preserve spawning of endangered animals. However the application of these techniquessuccessfully includes understanding extenders action, flux and influx of cryoprotectants agents as well as theirtoxicity, cooling, plus the process of freezing/thawing until reaching the freezing itself, considering that theinfluence of all these factors varies among the various species of animals. Thus, this article systematizes recentadvances in cooling and cryopreservation of aquatic invertebrates commercially interesting.
Assuntos
Animais , Criopreservação/tendências , Criopreservação/veterinária , Fauna Aquática , Invertebrados/citologia , Invertebrados/embriologia , Preservação do Sêmen/veterináriaRESUMO
A biotecnologia que envolve as técnicas de resfriamento e criopreservação pode permitir a conservaçãode material genético e ser utilizada para preservação de desovas de animais ameaçados de extinção. No entanto,o sucesso da aplicação dessas técnicas abrange o entendimento da ação de diluidores, fluxo e influxo de agentescrioprotetores, toxicidade, curvas de resfriamento, além dos processos de congelamento e descongelamento.Também é importante levar em consideração que a influência de todos esses fatores varia dentre as diversasespécies de animais. Assim, este artigo sistematiza os recentes avanços no resfriamento e na criopreservação deinvertebrados aquáticos de interesse comercial.(AU)
Biotechnology involving cooling and cryopreservation techniques can allow the preservation of geneticmaterial and be used to preserve spawning of endangered animals. However the application of these techniquessuccessfully includes understanding extenders action, flux and influx of cryoprotectants agents as well as theirtoxicity, cooling, plus the process of freezing/thawing until reaching the freezing itself, considering that theinfluence of all these factors varies among the various species of animals. Thus, this article systematizes recentadvances in cooling and cryopreservation of aquatic invertebrates commercially interesting.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Invertebrados/citologia , Invertebrados/embriologia , Fauna Aquática , Criopreservação/tendências , Criopreservação/veterinária , Preservação do Sêmen/veterináriaRESUMO
Macrobrachium amazonicum is considered a favorite Brazilian species of freshwater prawn for cultivation as a result of its quick development and because it is easy to maintain in captivity. The aim of this work is to describe the sexual cycle stages and determine maturation age of the female M. amazonicum, which was collected monthly from June, 2002 to May, 2003 in the Jaguaribe River, Itaiçaba, Ceará. A monthly sample of water was also collected to determine the following parameters: temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and salinity. A monthly sample of females was selected among the individuals caught, to determine the total weight (W(T)), carapace length (L( C)) and abdomen+telson length (L(A+T)) and to register the number of non-ovigerous females (NOF) and ovigerous females (OF). Determining ovarian maturation stages of M. amazonicum was done in a laboratory by observing macroscopic characters such as coloring, size, location and appearance of ovarians examined by transparent carapace. The first maturation age was determined from the relative frequency of the total length (L(T)) of young and adult females. The environmental parameters of the Jaguaribe River did not hold any influence in the number of individuals collected. A total of 1,337 prawns were sampled, 513 males (38.4%) and 824 females (61.6%). The proportion between males and females in the studied population was of 1:1.6. Among the collected females, 492 (50.7%) did not carry eggs in their abdomens (NOF) and 332 (40.3%) carried eggs in their abdomens (OF). There was no record of intact females. Non-ovigerous females with mature ovaries were recorded throughout all the months of collection. The female ovaries were classified as immature (IM), rudimentary (RU), intermediary (IN) and mature (M). M. amazonicum females reach their first sexual maturity between 4.5 and 5.5 cm of total length.
Assuntos
Oviposição/fisiologia , Palaemonidae/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Palaemonidae/fisiologia , Reprodução/fisiologia , Rios , Estações do Ano , Razão de MasculinidadeRESUMO
Macrobrachium amazonicum is considered a favorite Brazilian species of freshwater prawn for cultivation as a result of its quick development and because it is easy to maintain in captivity. The aim of this work is to describe the sexual cycle stages and determine maturation age of the female M. amazonicum, which was collected monthly from June, 2002 to May, 2003 in the Jaguaribe River, Itaiçaba, Ceará. A monthly sample of water was also collected to determine the following parameters: temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and salinity. A monthly sample of females was selected among the individuals caught, to determine the total weight (W T), carapace length (L C) and abdomen+telson length (L A+T) and to register the number of non-ovigerous females (NOF) and ovigerous females (OF). Determining ovarian maturation stages of M. amazonicum was done in a laboratory by observing macroscopic characters such as coloring, size, location and appearance of ovarians examined by transparent carapace. The first maturation age was determined from the relative frequency of the total length (L T) of young and adult females. The environmental parameters of the Jaguaribe River did not hold any influence in the number of individuals collected. A total of 1,337 prawns were sampled, 513 males (38.4 percent) and 824 females (61.6 percent). The proportion between males and females in the studied population was of 1:1.6. Among the collected females, 492 (50.7 percent) did not carry eggs in their abdomens (NOF) and 332 (40.3 percent) carried eggs in their abdomens (OF). There was no record of intact females. Non-ovigerous females with mature ovaries were recorded throughout all the months of collection. The female ovaries were classified as immature (IM), rudimentary (RU), intermediary (IN) and mature (M). M. amazonicum females reach their first sexual maturity between 4.5 and 5.5 cm of total length.
Das espécies de camarão de água doce brasileiras, Macrobrachium amazonicum é a preferida para cultivo, devido ao seu rápido desenvolvimento e fácil manutenção em cativeiro. Este trabalho teve como objetivos caracterizar as fases do ciclo sexual e determinar a idade da primeira maturação de fêmeas de M. amazonicum, coletadas mensalmente, de junho de 2002 a maio de 2003, no Rio Jaguaribe, Itaiçaba, Ceará. Uma amostra de água do local foi coletada mensalmente para determinação dos seguintes parâmetros: temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, pH e salinidade. Do total de indivíduos capturados mensalmente, uma amostra de fêmeas foi selecionada para determinação do peso total (W T), do comprimento do cefalotórax (L C) e do abdômen+telson (L A+T), e para registro de fêmeas não ovígeras (FNO) e ovígeras (FO). A determinação macroscópica dos estágios de maturação ovariana de M. amazonicum foi realizada pela observação da coloração, do tamanho, da posição e da aparência dos ovários observados por transparência da carapaça. A idade da primeira maturação foi determinada a partir da freqüência relativa de comprimento total (L T) de fêmeas jovens e adultas. Os parâmetros ambientais do Rio Jaguaribe não influenciaram no número de indivíduos coletados. Foram amostrados um total de 1.337 camarões, sendo 513 machos (38,4 por cento) e 824 fêmeas (61,6 por cento). A proporção entre machos e fêmeas na população foi de 1:1,6. Entre as fêmeas coletadas, 492 (50,7 por cento) não carregavam ovos no abdômen e 332 (40,3 por cento) carregavam ovos no abdômen. Não foram observadas fêmeas intactas. Foram registradas fêmeas não ovígeras com ovários maduros durante todo o período de coleta. Os ovários das fêmeas foram classificados como: imaturo (IM), rudimentar (RU), intermediário (IN) e maduro (M). Fêmeas de M. amazonicum atingem a primeira maturação sexual com comprimento total variando entre 4,5 e 5,5 cm.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Oviposição/fisiologia , Palaemonidae/anatomia & histologia , Brasil , Palaemonidae/fisiologia , Rios , Reprodução/fisiologia , Estações do Ano , Razão de MasculinidadeRESUMO
In Brazil, studies with native freshwater prawn species were discontinued due to great importance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Therefore, it is necessary to continue investigations about our species, in order to develop technology adequate to our reality and in a future allow prawn farmers to culture other species. The aim of this study was to determine the fecundity and fertility of Macrobrachium amazonicum captured monthly from June 1999 to June 2001 from Jaguaribe River, Itaiçaba, Ceará, Brazil. Prawns were collected using fishing net and transferred at Biological Science Laboratory, Ceara State University (Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil). Among the ovigerous M. amazonicum females, 60 were randomly selected to determine fecundity. The eggs adhered to the pleopods were taken out and they were then placed in a Gilson solution, and then stored in alcohol 70%. Individual fecundity was determined from the total egg counting, using a stereoscopic microscope. To determine fertility, ovigerous M. amazonicum females were stored in individual 10 L-glass tanks maintained under strong aeration. After the hatching, the larvae were siphoned and counted. The data referring to total length and weight of all the females, storage date, coloration and number of eggs, weight and coloration of gonad and number of hatched larvae were noted. With respect to average fecundity (F) by length classes, the lowest and highest number of eggs observed was 696 and 1,554, respectively. As for fecundity by weight classes, the lowest number of eggs observed was 760 and the highest, 1,690. The highest number of eggs observed individually per hatching was 2,193. Average fecundity/total length (L) and average fecundity/total weight (W) may be expressed by a linear relationship. The adjusted equations are: F = -411.6 + 203.1 L (p < 0.0001) and F = 566.4 + 157.3 W (p < 0.0001), respectively. In the analysis of average fertility (N) per length classes, the lowest and highest number of larvae observed was 374 and 1,301, respectively. With respect to fertility per weight classes, the lowest number of larvae was 581 and the highest, 1,391. In this work, the maximum number of larvae observed per hatching for females kept in laboratory was 2,594. Average fertility/total length and average fertility/total weight may be expressed by a linear relationship. The adjusted equations are: N = -1042.7 + 264.9 L (p < 0.0002); N = 384.1 + 160.3 W (p < 0.003). From these results we can deduced that fecundity and fertility of M. amazonicum are lower than ones commercial species, never-the-less it can be captured during all year long. The number of captured prawns was large in the months whose level of water was low; the inverse was observed in the months that the river was with a high volume of water.
Assuntos
Tamanho Corporal , Oviposição/fisiologia , Palaemonidae/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Fertilidade/fisiologia , Palaemonidae/fisiologia , Rios , Estações do AnoRESUMO
No Brasil, os estudos com espécies nativas de camarões de água doce foram interrompidos em decorrência da importação de Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Entretanto, é necessário continuar as investigações com nossas espécies, com o objetivo de desenvolver tecnologia adequada à nossa realidade e, em um futuro próximo, de permitir aos carcinicultores outras opções para cultivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a fecundidade e a fertilidade de Macrobrachium amazonicum, capturado mensalmente de junho de 1999 a junho de 2001, no Rio Jaguaribe, em Itaiçaba, Ceará, Brasil. Após a coleta, os camarões foram transportados para o Laboratório de Ciências Biológicas, na Universidade Estadual do Ceará (Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil). Foram selecionadas, aleatoriamente, 60 fêmeas ovígeras para a determinação da fecundidade. Os ovos aderidos aos pleópodes foram retirados, colocados em Solução de Gilson e estocados em álcool 70%. A fecundidade individual foi determinada a partir da contagem total dos ovos de cada fêmea. Para determinar a fertilidade, fêmeas ovígeras de M. amazonicum foram estocadas individualmente em aquários de vidro de 10 L. Após a eclosão, as larvas foram sifonadas e contadas. Os dados referentes ao comprimento e peso total de todas as fêmeas, à data de estocagem, à coloração e número de ovos, ao peso e coloração das gônadas e ao número de larvas eclodidas foram registrados. O menor e o maior número de ovos observados por classes de comprimento foram de 696 e 1.554, respectivamente. Para a fecundidade por classes de peso, o menor número de ovos observados foi de 760 e o maior, de 1.690. O número mais elevado de ovos observados individualmente por desova foi 2.193. Fecundidade média/comprimento total (L) e fecundidade média/peso total (W) podem ser expressas por relação linear. As equações ajustadas são F = û411,6 + 203,1 L (p < 0,0001) and F = 566,4 + 157,3 W (p < 0,0001), respectivamente. Na análise da fertilidade (N) por classes de comprimento, o menor e o maior número de larvas observados foram 374 e 1.301, respectivamente. Quanto à fertilidade por classes de peso, o menor número de larvas foi de 401 e o maior, de 1.231. Neste trabalho, o número máximo de larvas observado por desova para fêmeas mantidas em laboratório foi de 2.594. Fertilidade média/comprimento total...