RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic pathogen that causes â¼15% mortality in AIDS patients. Rio Grande City, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, has the highest national rate of HIV/AIDS, considering cities with population more than 100,000 habitants. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological profile of cryptococcosis in a reference service for HIV-AIDS patients in the South region of Brazil, over seven years. Material and methods A retrospective study was performed including all cryptococcosis cases diagnosed at the University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande (UH-FURG) between January 2010 and December 2016. RESULTS: Seventy cases of cryptococcosis were diagnosis from 2010 to 2016 in the UH-FURG in the seven years of the study. These numbers were responsible for 2.1% to 8.1% of the hospitalizations/year for HIV patients. All were caused by C. neoformans infection (95% C. neoformans var. grubii VNI and 5% C. neoformans var. grubii VNII). Neurocryptococcosis was the major clinical manifestation and cryptococcosis was the HIV- defining condition in 40% of patients. The period of hospitalization was an average of 39.3 days (SD=31.3), and more than half of patients (53%; 37/70) died after a mean of 82 days. DISCUSSION: The present study showed the importance of cryptococcosis as an AIDS-defining disease in HIV-AIDS patients in a tertiary hospital from Southern Brazil. More investment is necessary to reduce the impact of this opportunistic mycosis in HIV-AIDS patients from southern Brazil.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Criptococose/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/microbiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criptococose/complicações , Criptococose/microbiologia , Cryptococcus neoformans/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , HIV , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/microbiologia , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Meningite Fúngica/epidemiologia , Meningite Fúngica/etiologia , Meningite Fúngica/microbiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance of laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis, clinical samples underwent culture, species identification and drug susceptibility testing (DST). METHODS: A total of 554 samples from 269 patients were tested for smear microscopy using Kinyoun stain. Culture was performed in Ogawa-Kudoh medium and species identification was performed using the IS6110 amplified region. DST for rifampicin, isoniazid (INH) and streptomycin were carried out using the Resazurin assay. RESULTS: Cultures augmented the number of cases diagnosed by 22.1%, IS6110 amplification identified all Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains thus isolated and DST detected three strains resistant to INH and one multidrug-resistant strain. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous use of different techniques enhanced culture yield, species identification and detection of drug resistance even in a laboratory with limited facilities.