RESUMO
Obesity is related to an increased risk of developing prostate cancer with high malignancy stages or metastasis. Recent results demonstrated that LOX-1, a receptor associated with obesity and atherosclerosis, is overexpressed in advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. Furthermore, high levels of oxLDL, the main ligand for LOX-1, have been found in patients with advanced prostate cancer. However, the role of LOX-1 in prostate cancer has not been unraveled completely yet. Here, we show that LOX-1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer cells and its activation by oxLDL promotes an epithelial to mesenchymal transition, through of lowered expression of epithelial markers (E-cadherin and plakoglobin) and an increased expression of mesenchymal markers (vimentin, N-cadherin, snail, slug, MMP-2 and MMP-9). Consequently, LOX-1 activation by oxLDL promotes actin cytoskeleton restructuration and MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity inducing prostate cancer cell invasion and migration. Additionally, LOX-1 increased the tumorigenic potential of prostate cancer cells and its expression was necessary for tumor growth in nude mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that oxLDL/LOX-1 could be ones of mechanisms that explain why obese patients with prostate cancer have an accelerated tumor progression and a greater probability of developing metastasis.
Assuntos
Carcinogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipoproteínas LDL/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Receptores Depuradores Classe E/metabolismo , Animais , Carcinogênese/genética , Carcinogênese/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos Nus , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/terapia , Interferência de RNA , Terapêutica com RNAi/métodos , Receptores Depuradores Classe E/genética , Carga Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Carga Tumoral/genética , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto/métodosRESUMO
Resumen: Antecedentes: El tórax inestable se trata con ventilación mecánica o inhaloterapia y analgesia. Poco se ha publicado sobre el uso de material bioabsorbible y su evolución en la fijación de tórax inestable. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de pacientes con tórax inestable sometidos a fijación con placas y tornillos bioabsorbibles en un período comprendido de Febrero de 2009 a Diciembre de 2011. Resultados: Presentamos 18 casos con edades entre 33 y 74 años (media de 53), tres con tórax inestable bilateral; la fijación costal se realizó entre 1 y 21 días del accidente (media de 1.5). Se inició deambulación al día siguiente en 14 casos; la estancia postoperatoria fue de cuatro días (rango de 3 a 14). La frecuencia cardíaca de los pacientes previa a la cirugía era de 90 por minuto (rango 82 a 100) y bajó a 84 después de la fijación (rango 82 a 92); la frecuencia respiratoria preoperatoria era 26 por minuto (rango 22 a 28) y bajó a 22 por minuto (rango 20 a 26) en el postoperatorio. Conclusiones: El uso de material bioabsorbible para osteosíntesis costal no tiene efectos secundarios atribuibles al material en el corto plazo.
Abstract: Background: Flail chest is managed with mechanical ventilation or inhaloteraphy and analgesia. Little has been published on the use of bioabsorbable material and its evolution in flail chest fixation. Methods: This is a descriptive study of patients with unstable chest undergoing fixation with bioabsorbable plates and screws in a period from February 2009 to December 2011. Results: We report 18 cases, aged 33-74 years (mean 53), three with bilateral involvement; rib fixation was performed between 1-21 days of the accident (mean 1.5). They started walking the next day in 14 cases; postoperative stay was four days (range 3-14). The heart rate of patients prior to surgery was 90 per minute (range 82-100) and lowered to 84 after fixation (range 82-92), preoperative respiratory rate was 26 per minute (range 22-28) and below 22 per minute (range 20 to 26) in postoperative period. Conclusions: The use of bioabsorbable material for osteosynthesis of costal fractures did not show side effects in our period of study.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Idoso , Placas Ósseas , Parafusos Ósseos , Implantes Absorvíveis , Tórax Fundido/cirurgia , Fraturas das Costelas , Fixação Interna de Fraturas , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Flail chest is managed with mechanical ventilation or inhaloteraphy and analgesia. Little has been published on the use of bioabsorbable material and its evolution in flail chest fixation. METHODS: This is a descriptive study of patients with unstable chest undergoing fixation with bioabsorbable plates and screws in a period from February 2009 to December 2011. RESULTS: We report 18 cases, aged 33-74 years (mean 53), three with bilateral involvement; rib fixation was performed between 1-21 days of the accident (mean 1.5). They started walking the next day in 14 cases; postoperative stay was four days (range 3-14). The heart rate of patients prior to surgery was 90 per minute (range 82-100) and lowered to 84 after fixation (range 82-92), preoperative respiratory rate was 26 per minute (range 22-28) and below 22 per minute (range 20 to 26) in postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: The use of bioabsorbable material for osteosynthesis of costal fractures did not show side effects in our period of study.
ANTECEDENTES: El tórax inestable se trata con ventilación mecánica o inhaloterapia y analgesia. Poco se ha publicado sobre el uso de material bioabsorbible y su evolución en la fijación de tórax inestable. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo de pacientes con tórax inestable sometidos a fijación con placas y tornillos bioabsorbibles en un período comprendido de Febrero de 2009 a Diciembre de 2011. RESULTADOS: Presentamos 18 casos con edades entre 33 y 74 años (media de 53), tres con tórax inestable bilateral; la fijación costal se realizó entre 1 y 21 días del accidente (media de 1.5). Se inició deambulación al día siguiente en 14 casos; la estancia postoperatoria fue de cuatro días (rango de 3 a 14). La frecuencia cardíaca de los pacientes previa a la cirugía era de 90 por minuto (rango 82 a 100) y bajó a 84 después de la fijación (rango 82 a 92); la frecuencia respiratoria preoperatoria era 26 por minuto (rango 22 a 28) y bajó a 22 por minuto (rango 20 a 26) en el postoperatorio. CONCLUSIONES: El uso de material bioabsorbible para osteosíntesis costal no tiene efectos secundarios atribuibles al material en el corto plazo.
Assuntos
Implantes Absorvíveis , Placas Ósseas , Parafusos Ósseos , Tórax Fundido , Adulto , Idoso , Tórax Fundido/cirurgia , Fixação Interna de Fraturas , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fraturas das CostelasRESUMO
Laguna Larga, a coastal lagoon in central Cuba, has been heavily altered by tourism infrastructure construction and sewage disposal. We hypothesize that this has decreased the circulation and caused eutrophication of the lagoon. To assess this, 12 bimonthly samplings were carried out in 2007-2008. Temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients and nitrogen, and phosphorous fractions (inorganic, organic, and total) were determined. Water and salt budgets, as well as biogeochemical fluxes of nitrogen and phosphorus were calculated using the LOICZ budget model for the three sections of the lagoon identified by morphological constrains and salinity patterns. Laguna Larga is a choked lagoon with restricted water circulation, low exchange, and high residence times that vary significantly along its sections. Residence time was estimated to be 0.1-0.7 years for the inner section and 1-9 days for the outer one. High levels of total nitrogen (annual means 126-137 µM, peaks up to 475 µM) and phosphorus (2.5-4.4 µM, peaks up to 14.5 µM) are evidence of eutrophication of Laguna Larga. During 2007, an average precipitation year, Laguna Larga exported water (703 m(3) d(-1)) and was a source of nitrogen (9.026 mmol m(-2) d(-1)) and phosphorus (0.112 mmol m(-2) d(-1)) to the adjacent sea. δ(15)N determinations in the seagrass Thalassia testudinum (-1.83 to +3.02 ) differed significantly between sites in the lagoon and offshore reference sites located W of the inlet, but were similar to those located E of the inlet. δ(15)N determinations in the seaweed Penicillus dumetosus (+1.02 to +4.2) did not show significant differences.
Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Nitrogênio/análise , Fósforo/análise , Água do Mar/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Cuba , Eutrofização , Água Subterrânea/química , Movimentos da ÁguaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Lumbar herniated disks result in lumbar pain with neurologic involvement. Medical treatment and rehabilitation provide improvement for this type of lumbar pain at the early stages. When conservative treatment fails, the surgical option offers the possibility of improving patients' health status. Moojen considers that the application of interspinous spacers provides good results. The purpose of this research is to assess the clinical and imaging results in patients with contained lumbar herniated disk treated with the DYNAMIC INTERSPACER interspinous spacer, a Mexican product. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The efficacy of the interspinous device was assessed by means of a near-investigational and longitudinal study conducted at "General Ignacio Zaragoza" ISSSTE Regional Hospital in patients with a diagnosis of lumbar pain. RESULTS: The mean age of the sample is 46.1 years, with an age range of 26-55 years. The treated levels were 6 L5-S1 and 5 L4-L5; two levels were treated in two patients. The mean preoperative VAS score was 8.1. The mean VAS score at postoperative year three was 1.6. CONCLUSION: Multiple types and brands of foreign interspinous devices are applied in Mexico which results in patients' clinical improvement. We proved that the use of the Mexican interspinous device can clinically improve patients with lumbar pain due to herniated disk. A decrease in the compression of the sac or the nerve roots by the hernia was observed in the comparative preoperative and postoperative MRI images.
Assuntos
Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral/cirurgia , Vértebras Lombares/cirurgia , Próteses e Implantes , Implantação de Prótese/métodos , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral/complicações , Dor Lombar/etiologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor , Dor Pós-Operatória , Medicação Pré-Anestésica , Estudos Prospectivos , Desenho de Prótese , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the differences in the dynamics of dietary energy density (ED), food volume (FV) and energy intake (EI) between two groups of healthy children, in normal conditions, from Spain and Mexico. METHODS: Crossectional study which analyses the habitual diet of two healthy children groups, 1-4 years old, from Reus (Spain, n = 203) and Guadalajara (Mexico, n = 147). Dietary intake was assessed using the 24-hour recall. Anthropometric data were also obtained. We estimated Z-score of weight, height and BMI, and EI (kcal/day), ED (kcal/g), FV (g/day), El/kg body weight (kcal/kg/day) and FV/kg body weight (g/kg/day). RESULTS: The Spanish children consumed significantly more cereals (p < 0.05), vegetables, meat, fish and eggs than the Mexican children (p < 0.001), while the latter consumed significantly more sweets (p < 0.001). The mean El/kg body weight was 107.7 ± 36.2 kcal/kg/day in the children from Reus, and 102.4 ± 38.8 kcal/kg/day in the children from Guadalajara, without significant differences. While the ED was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the Spanish sample (1.41 ± 0.35 kcal/g) that in the Mexican one (1.19 ± 0.37 kcal/g), we observed the contrary on FV per kilogram of weight: it was significantly (p < 0.001) greater in Mexicans (91.0 ± 36.1 g/kg/day) than in Spanish (79.5 ± 27.5 g/kg/day). CONCLUSION: In two populations with different contexts, the balance between energy intake and energy requirements is achieved in different ways, allowing energy intake per unit of weight and growth to be adequate. Future studies are needed to clarify the factors of a possible alteration of this equilibrium through time, in such a way, that it would probably contribute to the development of overweight and obesity in several environments.
Assuntos
Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Ingestão de Energia/fisiologia , Antropometria , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Pré-Escolar , Dieta , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , México , EspanhaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of information regarding prostate cancer (PCa) risk factors among Hispanics, the fastest-growing ethnic group in the United States. METHODS: This population-based case-control study included 176 Texas men of Mexican descent with PCa and 174 age- and ethnicity-matched controls. Demographic, lifetime occupational history, family history of cancer, lifestyle (e.g., smoking, alcohol, diet, and recreational physical activity) and anthropometric information were collected by personal interviews. Chemical exposure and physical activity were determined using job-exposure matrices for each reported job. RESULTS: Logistic regression models adjusted for relevant covariates were used to evaluate their independent effects. Compared to controls, cases were three times more likely to work in jobs with high agrichemical exposure (OR = 3.44, 95% CI 1.84-6.44), and 54% less likely to work in jobs with moderate/high occupational physical activity (OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.28-0.77). In analyses stratified by stage, cases with organ-confined PCa were three times more likely to have high agrichemical exposure (OR = 3.39, 9%CI 1.68-6.84), and 56% less likely to have moderate/high levels of occupational physical activity (OR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.26-0.76). Increased risk of being diagnosed with advanced PCa was associated with obesity at time of diagnosis (OR = 2.50, 95% CI 1.20-5.20) and high levels of agrichemical exposure (OR = 4.65, 95% CI 1.97-10.97), but not with occupational physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: This case-control study, the first conducted in a homogeneous Hispanic population, identified modifiable PCa risk factors, such as physical activity and agrichemical exposure, which may be useful in developing interventions for this understudied population.
Assuntos
Americanos Mexicanos , Neoplasias da Próstata/etnologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/epidemiologia , Idoso , Agroquímicos/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Humanos , Estilo de Vida/etnologia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atividade Motora , Análise Multivariada , Obesidade/etnologia , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Próstata/induzido quimicamente , Fatores de Risco , Texas/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Along the Mexican coast, harmful algae blooms (HAB) have become more frequent, and therefore, there is an urgent need to establish monitoring programs to avoid the undesired consequences of HAB in human and natural ecosystems. In this work, we analyzed the pigment signatures and the species composition from phytoplankton samples to evaluate the utility of the specific pigment "fingerprints" in HAB monitoring programs. Vertical profiles from a coastal lagoon and temporal samples of a red tide occurring in a shrimp-culture pond and in a coastal zone were taken into consideration. Between 76% and 84% of dinoflagellate and diatom cell density was explained by their specific signature variation, in both vertical and temporal samples. Only the variation of zeaxanthin and the cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. showed a poor relationship, probably from difficulties in counting other cyanobacteria present in the samples examined with the microscopic method. These results suggest that inclusion of pigment analysis in the study and monitoring programs dealing with harmful algae would be very useful
A lo largo de las costas mexicanas, los florecimientos algales nocivos (FAN) se han vuelto cada vez mas frecuentes y por lo tanto, existe una necesidad urgente de establecer programas de monitoreo para evitar las consecuencias no deseadas por su desarrollo, sobre los ecosistemas naturales y el ser humano. En este trabajo, nosotros analizamos las huellas pigmentarias y la composición de especies de diversas muestras de fitoplancton para evaluar la utilidad que pueden representar estos pigmentos específicos o "huellas pigmentarias" en programas de monitoreo de florecimientos algales nocivos. Los perfiles verticales de muestras de fitoplancton de una laguna costera y muestras de mareas rojas que ocurrieron en un estanque de cultivo de camarón y en una laguna costera, fueron considerados en este estudio. Tanto en muestras verticales como en temporales, entre el 76% y 84% de la densidad celular de dinoflagelados y diatomeas fueron explicados por la variación de su huella específica, mientras que la variación de zeaxantina y la densidad de la cianobacteria Anabaena sp. mostró una relación pobre, la cual fue debida probablemente a la dificultad en el conteo que presenta este grupo al ser analizadas mediante un microscópico invertido. Estos resultados sugieren que la inclusión del análisis de las huellas pigmentarias en los programas del estudio y monitoreo de las algas nocivas sería de gran utilidad
Assuntos
Animais , Carotenoides/análise , Dinoflagellida/química , Eutrofização , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Xantofilas/análise , Contagem de Células , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cianobactérias/isolamento & purificação , Diatomáceas/química , EcossistemaRESUMO
Cochlodinium polykrikoides was the species responsible for the discoloration that occurred between September 15th and 27th , 2000 in a shallow coastal lagoon located in the southern part of the Bahía de La Paz, on the west side of the Gulf of California. Blooms of C. polykrikoides were observed four days after two rainy days with a seawater temperature of 29 to 31°C. Nutrient concentration ranges during the bloom were 0.165- 0.897 µM NO2 +NO3 , 0.16-3.25 µM PO4 , and 1.0-35.36 µM SiO4 . Abundance of C. polykrikoides ranged from 360 x 103 to 7.05 x 106 /cells l-1 . Biomass expressed in terms of chlorophyll a was high, ranging from 2.7 to 56.8 mg/m3 . A typical dinoflagellate pigment profile (chlorophyll a and c, peridinin, diadinoxantin, and b -carotene) was recorded. In this study, the red tide occurred in front of several fish and shrimp-culture ponds. No PST toxins were found in the samples. However, 180 fish were found dead in the infected fish-pond; the gills were the most affected part. C. polykrikoides is a cyst-forming species that recurs in this area. New blooms were observed in November 2000 and September-November 2001 in the same area. Anthropogenic activities, such as eutrophication caused by water discharge in this shallow lagoon, and nutrient enrichment in the culture ponds, as well as effects from precipitation and wind stress, could have favored the outbreak of this dinoflagellate
Durante el desarrollo de una marea roja ocurrida del 15 al 27 de septiembre del año 2000 en la Ensenada de La Paz, B.C.S. se tomaron muestras de agua con una botella Van Dorn para determinar la temperatura, la especie causante y la cantidad de nutrientes y pigmentos fotosintéticos. Se hicieron análisis de toxinas de Cochlodinium polykrikoides, la especie responsable de esta marea roja. La mayoría de los especimenes formaron cadenas de cuatro células y raramente de dos. La abundancia fue de 360 x 103 a 7.05 x 106 /cels l-1 . Los florecimientos de C. polykrikoides ocurrieron cuatro días después de dos días lluviosos; el intervalo de temperatura fue de 29 a 31°C. La concentración de nutrientes registrada durante este fenómeno fue 0.165-0.897 µM NO2 +NO3 , 0.16-3.25 µM PO4 , y 1.0-35.36 µM SiO4 . El perfil pigmentario reveló la presencia de clorofila a y c, peridinina, diadinoxantina, y b -caroteno. La biomasa total expresada en clorofila a fue alta, oscilando entre 2.7 y 56.8 mg/m3 , mientras que la biomasa de Cochlodinium, expresada en peridinina, varió entre 0.68 y 32.03 mg/m3 . En este estudio, la marea roja se desarrolló cerca de varios estanques de cultivo de peces y camarón. En uno de ellos proliferó C. polykrikoides. Los análisis de toxinas PST fueron negativos; sin embargo, durante el incremento de las proliferaciones algunos estanques fueron alcanzados y murieron 180 peces, principalmente pargos (Lutjanus argentiventis, Pomadasys macracantus). Las branquias fueron las partes más afectadas. En condiciones desfavorables C. polykrikoides forma quistes, lo cual ha provocado su recurrente proliferación en el área, registrándose nuevas proliferaciones en noviembre del 2000 y en septiembre-noviembre del 2001. Actividades antropogénicas como la eutroficación causada por la descarga de aguas residuales y de nutrientes de los estanques de cultivo, pudieran estar favoreciendo la proliferación de este dinoflagelado