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In 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched a Global Action Plan on Physical Activity (PA), which included 20 policy actions for creating active societies, environments, people and systems. The objective of this scoping review was to summarize the themes/contents of national PA policies/plans conforming to the WHO's proposals and the country's economy. This review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for scoping reviews. A systematic search of electronic databases (Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, LILACS, PsycINFO, Scopus and SPORTDiscus) and 441 government documents/websites from 215 countries/territories was conducted (February 2021). Documents on national-level policies, published in English, Spanish and Portuguese since 2000, were eligible. The information on content and structure was systematically extracted and summarized into dimensions proposed by the WHO: active societies, environments, people and systems. The search identified 888 article references and 586 potentially relevant documents. After the screening, 84 policy documents from 64 countries were eligible. Most documents (n = 46) provided detailed PA policies/plans amid other health topics (e.g. non-communicable diseases, named 'general documents'), and 38 were PA-specific. The content analysis merged 54 visions, 65 missions, 108 principles, 119 objectives, 53 priorities, 105 targets, 126 indicators and 1780 actions/strategies from 38 PA-specific and 46 general documents. Among the PA-specific documents, the active system's dimension was the most contemplated in the principles (n = 43), priorities (n = 51) and action/strategies (n = 530) elements. At the same time, the objectives (n = 39), targets (n = 52) and indicators (n = 58) presented contents more frequently related to the active people dimension. For the general documents, all principles (n = 4), objectives (n = 14) and priorities (n = 7) were related to the dimension of active people, while target (n = 51), indicator (n = 53) and actions/strategies (n = 292) elements presented content related to all dimensions. The increase in countries with national PA policies/plans should be followed by improving the current ones because important dimensions seem to be not considered in these documents. This will facilitate a global PA agenda that considers the complexity and multidimensionality of PA promotion.

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BACKGROUND: Physical education (PE) classes in schools are considered relevant to implement interventions, especially focused on physical activity. However, evidence overviews on how PE classes contribute to general health (physical, social, affective, and cognitive domains) are still needed. Thus, we summarized evidence synthesis (eg, systematic reviews) that addressed the contribution of PE classes to the health of school-aged children and adolescents. METHODS: We performed a scoping review with searches in 8 databases and institutional websites to find systematic reviews or meta-analyses that answered this review's research question. Data charting form included the identification of the study, health outcomes, and PE classes' strategies (policies and environment, curriculum, appropriate instructions, and evaluation). An interactive process was performed to build the evidence summary. RESULTS: An initial search yielded 2264 titles, and 49 systematic reviews (including 11 with meta-analysis) were included in this review. Most documents reported the main benefits of PE classes on physical domain outcomes (eg, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and fundamental motor skills). However, evidence on the benefits of PE classes in affective (eg, enjoyment, motivation, and autonomy); social (eg, cooperation, problem-solving, and making friends); and cognitive (eg, memory, attention, concentration, and decision making) domains were found. Strategies on PE classes for health benefits were highlighted. CONCLUSIONS: These elements were detailed in the evidence summary, which may be considered to guide researchers, teachers, and practitioners to define research and practice priorities on PE class interventions for health in the school context.

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Barriers and facilitators influence the implementation of physical activity (PA) in Primary Health Care (PHC). This study aimed to analyze the scientific evidence on barriers and facilitators perceived by stakeholders on the implementation of PA in PHC.The search databases consisted of Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and Lilacs. Two independent researchers reviewed the eligibility criteria and extracted and coded the information according to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research was used to report the quality of the included studies. We analyzed 8.471 studies but included only 16. The studies identified 54 different reports on barriers and 48 on facilitators. Reports were often identified in the "environmental context and resources" domain, with 27 reports on barriers and 27 on facilitators. We found 25 reports of barriers and 16 of facilitators in the TDF domains that demonstrate professional profile characteristics. The low expectations in the professional profile for the implementation can influence the context and the organizational climate to identify more barriers than facilitators.

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[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Sintetizar os achados sobre correlatos da atividade física (AF) e do comportamento sedentário (CS) em crianças sul-americanas. Método. Realizou-se uma busca dos artigos no período de 24 de junho até 27 de outubro de 2020, nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus e Web of Science. Para ampliar a busca, foram examinadas as referências dos artigos de revisão identificados e realizada uma consulta a um painel de especialistas. Foram incluídos estudos com delineamentos observacional e de intervenção com foco em crianças sul-americanas de zero a 5 anos de idade. Resultados. Dos 3 111 artigos inicialmente identificados, 18 foram elegíveis: 14 com delineamento observacional, 12 realizados no Brasil e 17 conduzidos com pré-escolares (3 a 5 anos de idade). Além do Brasil, os únicos países representados foram o Chile e o Equador. A AF e o CS foram medidos por acelerômetros em sete estudos, porém houve alta variabilidade nos instrumentos e pontos de corte usados. Embora as crianças tenham sido consideradas fisicamente ativas em 12 estudos, seis estudos mostraram que elas despendiam muito tempo em CS. Os domínios de influência mais avaliados foram o individual (14 estudos) e o interpessoal (11 estudos), seguidos pelo ambiental (oito estudos) e o político (um estudo). As intervenções no contexto escolar (quatro estudos) aumentaram os níveis de AF e diminuíram o tempo em CS. Entretanto, as evidências dos estudos transversais e de intervenção apresentaram alto risco de viés. Conclusão. Diante das lacunas identificadas, recomendam-se estudos com delineamentos robustos que incluam mais países sul-americanos, com foco em bebês e crianças com menos de 3 anos de idade e que investiguem correlatos dos domínios ambiental e político.

[ABSTRACT]. Objective. To synthesize the findings on correlates of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in South American children. Method. A search was carried out from June 24 to October 27, 2020, in the LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science databases. To broaden the search, the references of identified review articles were examined, and a panel of experts was surveyed. Observational and interventional studies conducted with South-American children from zero to 5 years of age were included. Results. Of 3 111 articles initially identified, 18 were eligible: 14 observational studies, 12 studies conducted in Brazil, and 17 studies investigating preschool children (3 to 5 years of age). In addition to Brazil, only Chile and Ecuador were represented. PA and SB were measured by accelerometers in seven studies; however, high variability was observed in the instruments and cut-off points used. Although children were classified as physically active in 12 studies, six studies showed that they spent considerable time in SB. Most studies assessed the individual (14 studies) and interpersonal (11 studies) domains, followed by the environmental (eight studies) and political (one study) domains. Interventions in the school context (four studies) increased PA levels and reduced the time spent in SB. However, the evidence from cross-sectional and interventional studies presented a high risk of bias. Conclusions. Given the knowledge gap identified in this review, studies with robust designs, covering additional South American countries are warranted, focusing on infants and children under 3 years of age and investigating correlates in the environmental and political domains.

[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Resumir los hallazgos sobre la correlación entre actividad física (AF) y comportamiento sedentario (CS) en la población infantil en América del Sur. Método. Se realizó una búsqueda de los artículos publicados entre el 24 de junio y el 27 de octubre del 2020 en las bases de datos LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus y Web of Science. Para ampliar la búsqueda, se examinaron las referencias de los artículos de revisión encontrados y se consultó con un panel de expertos. Se incluyeron estudios observacionales y de intervención centrados en población infantil de 0 a 5 años de edad en América del Sur. Resultados. De los 3 111 artículos encontrados inicialmente, 18 cumplieron con los criterios establecidos: 14 tenían un diseño observacional, 12 se llevaron a cabo en Brasil y 17 se realizaron con niños y niñas en edad preescolar (de 3 a 5 años). Además de Brasil, los únicos países representados fueron Chile y Ecuador. La AF y el CS se midieron con acelerómetros en 7 estudios, pero se observó una alta variabilidad en los instrumentos y los puntos de corte utilizados. Aunque se consideró que niños y niñas eran físicamente activos en 12 estudios, 6 estudios revelaron que pasaban mucho tiempo en CS. Los ámbitos de influencia más evaluados fueron el individual (14 estudios) y el interpersonal (11 estudios), seguidos del ambiental (8 estudios) y el político (1 estudio). Las intervenciones en el contexto escolar (4 estudios) aumentaron los niveles de AF y disminuyeron el tiempo en CS. Sin embargo, la evidencia de los estudios transversales y de intervención presentó un alto riesgo de sesgo. Conclusiones. En vista de las lagunas detectadas, se recomienda que se realicen estudios con diseño robusto que incluyan más países sudamericanos, se centren en bebés y menores de 3 años e investiguen correlaciones en los ámbitos político y ambiental.

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BACKGROUND: This article presents the recommendations from the Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. METHODS: A steering committee composed of a chair, 6 experts in physical activity, and representatives from the Ministry of Health/Brazil, Pan American Health Organization, Brazilian Society of Physical Activity and Health designed the guidelines, which was implemented by 8 working groups, as follows: (1) understanding physical activity, (2) children up to 5 years old, (3) children and youth from 6 to 17 years old, (4) adults, (5) older adults (60 years and above), (6) physical education at school, (7) pregnant and postpartum women, and (8) people with disabilities. The methodological steps included evidence syntheses, hearings with key stakeholders, and public consultation. RESULTS: Across 8 chapters, the guidelines provide definitions of physical activity and sedentary behavior, informing target groups on types of physical activity, dosage (frequency, intensity, and duration), benefits, and supporting network for physical activity adoption. The guidelines are openly available in Portuguese, Spanish, English, and Braille and in audio versions, with a supplementary guide for health professionals and decision makers, and a report about the preparation and references. CONCLUSIONS: The Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population provide evidence-based recommendations, being a public-directed resource to contribute to the physical activity promotion in Brazil.

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BACKGROUND: This article describes the process and methods used in the development of the first ever Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. METHODS: The steering committee established 8 working groups based on other guidelines and the Brazilian agenda for public health and physical activity (PA) promotion: (1) understanding PA; (2) children up to 5 years; (3) children and youth (6-17 y); (4) adults; (5) older adults (60 years and above); (6) physical education at school; (7) pregnant and postpartum women; and (8) people with disabilities. Working groups were formed to (1) synthesize the literature on each topic; (2) conduct workshops with stakeholders, health professionals, researchers, and the public; and (3) prepare a draft chapter for open online consultation. RESULTS: The document provides guidance for the population on the benefits of being active and recommendations regarding the amount (frequency, intensity, and duration) of PA recommended across all chapters. It also includes information on supporting networks for PA. CONCLUSIONS: The PA guidelines are widely accessible in Portuguese, including versions in English, Spanish, audiobook, and Braille, and will assist policy makers and professionals from several sectors to promote PA. The ultimate goal is to increase population levels of PA in Brazil.

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BACKGROUND: Understanding which strategies have been recommended for the promotion of active and healthy lifestyles through physical education (PE) classes can guide PE policies and practice. Therefore, we summarized worldwide recommendations regarding strategies for PE classes that have aimed to promote active and healthy lifestyles among school-aged children and adolescents. METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines were utilized. A literature search was carried out in June 2020 in eight peer-reviewed literature databases, in addition to searches in institutional and personal libraries. The eligibility criteria included any online document that included recommendations targeting any dimension of PE classes (e.g., policy and environment, curriculum, appropriate instruction, student assessment, and strategies that interact with PE) published since 2000. RESULTS: In total, 2,408 potentially eligible documents were screened. Of these, 63 were included in the final analysis. The recommended strategies were as follows: six referred to policy and environment (valuing PE, higher frequency and duration of classes, inclusive PE classes, mandatory daily classes, evaluation of PE classes, and qualified teachers), five to curriculum (structure, type of content, cross-cutting themes, and components that improve PE classes), four to appropriate instruction (promotion of physical activities, inclusion of social issues, employment of the use of innovative technologies, and organization of the teaching-learning process), and three to student assessment (understanding human movement concepts, evaluation of contents, and assessment methods to develop an active and healthy lifestyle). CONCLUSION: Twenty-one strategies recommended for PE classes linked to five dimensions aimed at different target populations were identified. Over half were linked to the dimensions of policy and environment and appropriate instruction. PE is recommended to be mandatory and valued at all educational levels, with weekly frequency that contributes to an active and healthy lifestyle. This review shows that guaranteeing different experiences beyond sports, improving social inclusion, using innovative technologies, and providing adequate materials and spaces to be important challenges and ways to guide policies, programs, and new research in this field of knowledge. Open Science Framework Registration: https://osf.io/harwq/.

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This study described the clustering patterns of moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary time (ST) according to handgrip strength and investigated the association between identified clusters of fat and lean mass in older adults from southern Brazil. Objective measures were used for moderate to vigorous physical activity, ST, and body composition outcomes. Two-step cluster and linear regression analyses were conducted according to handgrip strength. Three clusters were identified: all-day sitters, sitters, and active sitters. The prevalence of clusters in the low-strength group was 58.2%, 22.8%, and 19.0%, respectively, while the prevalence of clusters in the high-strength group was 42.1%, 34.8%, and 23.1%, respectively. All-day sitters had 2.6% more fat mass than active sitters with low strength. High levels of ST characterized all cluster profiles; low strength, lack of moderate to vigorous physical activity, and high ST levels among older adults may indicate a subpopulation at a greater risk of overweight and obesity-related diseases.

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RESUMO Objetivo. Sintetizar os achados sobre correlatos da atividade física (AF) e do comportamento sedentário (CS) em crianças sul-americanas. Método. Realizou-se uma busca dos artigos no período de 24 de junho até 27 de outubro de 2020, nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus e Web of Science. Para ampliar a busca, foram examinadas as referências dos artigos de revisão identificados e realizada uma consulta a um painel de especialistas. Foram incluídos estudos com delineamentos observacional e de intervenção com foco em crianças sul-americanas de zero a 5 anos de idade. Resultados. Dos 3 111 artigos inicialmente identificados, 18 foram elegíveis: 14 com delineamento observacional, 12 realizados no Brasil e 17 conduzidos com pré-escolares (3 a 5 anos de idade). Além do Brasil, os únicos países representados foram o Chile e o Equador. A AF e o CS foram medidos por acelerômetros em sete estudos, porém houve alta variabilidade nos instrumentos e pontos de corte usados. Embora as crianças tenham sido consideradas fisicamente ativas em 12 estudos, seis estudos mostraram que elas despendiam muito tempo em CS. Os domínios de influência mais avaliados foram o individual (14 estudos) e o interpessoal (11 estudos), seguidos pelo ambiental (oito estudos) e o político (um estudo). As intervenções no contexto escolar (quatro estudos) aumentaram os níveis de AF e diminuíram o tempo em CS. Entretanto, as evidências dos estudos transversais e de intervenção apresentaram alto risco de viés. Conclusão. Diante das lacunas identificadas, recomendam-se estudos com delineamentos robustos que incluam mais países sul-americanos, com foco em bebês e crianças com menos de 3 anos de idade e que investiguem correlatos dos domínios ambiental e político.

ABSTRACT Objective. To synthesize the findings on correlates of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in South American children. Method. A search was carried out from June 24 to October 27, 2020, in the LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science databases. To broaden the search, the references of identified review articles were examined, and a panel of experts was surveyed. Observational and interventional studies conducted with South-American children from zero to 5 years of age were included. Results. Of 3 111 articles initially identified, 18 were eligible: 14 observational studies, 12 studies conducted in Brazil, and 17 studies investigating preschool children (3 to 5 years of age). In addition to Brazil, only Chile and Ecuador were represented. PA and SB were measured by accelerometers in seven studies; however, high variability was observed in the instruments and cut-off points used. Although children were classified as physically active in 12 studies, six studies showed that they spent considerable time in SB. Most studies assessed the individual (14 studies) and interpersonal (11 studies) domains, followed by the environmental (eight studies) and political (one study) domains. Interventions in the school context (four studies) increased PA levels and reduced the time spent in SB. However, the evidence from cross-sectional and interventional studies presented a high risk of bias. Conclusions. Given the knowledge gap identified in this review, studies with robust designs, covering additional South American countries are warranted, focusing on infants and children under 3 years of age and investigating correlates in the environmental and political domains.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Resumir los hallazgos sobre la correlación entre actividad física (AF) y comportamiento sedentario (CS) en la población infantil en América del Sur. Método. Se realizó una búsqueda de los artículos publicados entre el 24 de junio y el 27 de octubre del 2020 en las bases de datos LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus y Web of Science. Para ampliar la búsqueda, se examinaron las referencias de los artículos de revisión encontrados y se consultó con un panel de expertos. Se incluyeron estudios observacionales y de intervención centrados en población infantil de 0 a 5 años de edad en América del Sur. Resultados. De los 3 111 artículos encontrados inicialmente, 18 cumplieron con los criterios establecidos: 14 tenían un diseño observacional, 12 se llevaron a cabo en Brasil y 17 se realizaron con niños y niñas en edad preescolar (de 3 a 5 años). Además de Brasil, los únicos países representados fueron Chile y Ecuador. La AF y el CS se midieron con acelerómetros en 7 estudios, pero se observó una alta variabilidad en los instrumentos y los puntos de corte utilizados. Aunque se consideró que niños y niñas eran físicamente activos en 12 estudios, 6 estudios revelaron que pasaban mucho tiempo en CS. Los ámbitos de influencia más evaluados fueron el individual (14 estudios) y el interpersonal (11 estudios), seguidos del ambiental (8 estudios) y el político (1 estudio). Las intervenciones en el contexto escolar (4 estudios) aumentaron los niveles de AF y disminuyeron el tiempo en CS. Sin embargo, la evidencia de los estudios transversales y de intervención presentó un alto riesgo de sesgo. Conclusiones. En vista de las lagunas detectadas, se recomienda que se realicen estudios con diseño robusto que incluyan más países sudamericanos, se centren en bebés y menores de 3 años e investiguen correlaciones en los ámbitos político y ambiental.

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A análise de conteúdo e de redes de colaboração pode contribuir para as reflexões e estudos sobre o fluxo informacional. O objetivo do presente estudo é realizar uma análise bibliométrica das produções científicas brasileiras na temática atividade física e envelhecimento. O banco de dados foi construído utilizando-se a base de dados Web of Science (WoS), selecionando-se a Coleção SciELOBrazil. Os termos utilizados na busca foram relacionados com "atividade física" e "envelhecimento". Foram coletadas variáveis de autoria, número/ média de publicações, número/média de citações, quantidade de publicações realizadas por instituição e palavras-chave citadas nos estudos. Posteriormente, os dados foram analisados no software VOS viewer, onde mapas de rede foram criados. Foram encontrados 19 clusters de autores, sendo identificadosaqueles que mais publicam na área da atividade física e envelhecimento no Brasil. Com relação às instituições, verificou-se uma concentração de publicações em Universidades do Sul e Sudeste, com destaque para São Paulo. Com relação às palavras-chave, verificou-se que as mais utilizadas nos estudos foram: qualidade de vida, força muscular, fatores de risco, obesidade e hipertensão. Em conclusão, a temática apresentou expansão com o passar dos anos, identidade própria e consistência nas redes de produção e colaboração entre autores.(AU)

The analysis of content and collaboration networks can contribute to the reflections and studies on the information flow. The objective of the present study is to perform a bibliometric analysis of the Brazilian scientific productions about the physical activity and aging. The database was built using the Web of Science (WoS) database, selecting the SciELO Brazil Collection. The terms used in the search were related to "physical activity" and "aging". Authors' variables, number/average of publications, number/average of cita- tions, number of publications per institution and keywords cited in the studies were collected. Subsequently, the data were analyzed in the VOSviewer software where network maps were created. We found 19 clusters of authors, being identified the ones that publish the most in the area of physical activity and aging in Brazil. With regard to the institutions, there was a concentration of publications in Southern and Southeastern Universities, especially in São Paulo. Regarding the keywords, it was verified that the most used in the studies were: quality of life, muscular strength, risk factors, obesity, and hypertension. In conclusion, the theme presented expansion over the years, its own identity and consistency in the networks of production and collaboration between authors.(AU)

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