RESUMO
Introduction: Introduction: vegan diets are currently an essential topic of discussion because they are recognized as a prototype of a healthy diet but are also associated with deficits in the intake of critical nutrients such as protein. Evaluating the factors that influence the deficit in their intake in vulnerable populations such as university students represents an important topic of interest, considering that this is one of the groups where veganism is most popular. Given this, the present study aimed to determine the degree of protein sufficiency and its associated factors in a sample of Chilean vegan university students. Materials and methods: an exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted on 114 vegan university students who responded to an online survey on academic, attitudinal, clinical, dietary, and sociodemographic variables. Protein intake was calculated, and based on self-reported weight, daily protein adequacy was calculated according to the recommendation of 0.9 g/kg/day. Finally, the association between protein adequacy and previously consulted variables was calculated by determining the odds ratios. Results: only 53.5 % had adequate daily protein intake, which was associated with the length of time respondents had been vegan (OR, 2.86; 95 % CI, 1.07 to 7.34; p < 0.05), use of supplements (OR, 5.24; 95 % CI, 1.17 to 25.2; p < 0.05), and the frequency with which they ate lunch at home (OR, 87.7; 95 % CI, 24.1 to 304; p = 0.000). Conclusion: there needs to be more protein adequacy in the assessed sample. Protein adequacy is associated with the length of time on the vegan diet, frequency of eating lunch away from home, and use of supplements regularly.
Introducción: Introducción: en la actualidad, las dietas veganas representan una importante temática de discusión debido a que son reconocidas como prototipo de régimen saludable pero también se encuentran asociadas a déficits en la ingesta de nutrientes críticos como las proteínas. La evaluación de los factores que influyen en el déficit de su ingesta en poblaciones vulnerables como los estudiantes universitarios representa un importante tema de interés, considerando que es uno de los grupos donde mayor popularidad presenta el veganismo. Frente a esto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el grado de suficiencia proteica y los factores asociados a esta en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios veganos chilenos. Materiales y método: se realizó un estudio de alcance exploratorio de corte transversal en 114 estudiantes universitarios veganos que respondieron a una encuesta online sobre variables académicas, actitudinales, clínicas, dietarias y sociodemográficas. Se calculó la ingesta proteica y, en función del peso autorreportado, se calculó la adecuación proteica diaria de acuerdo con la recomendación de 0,9 g/kg/día. Finalmente se calculó la asociación entre la adecuación proteica y las variables anteriormente consultadas a partir de la determinación de los odds ratios. Resultados: solo un 53,5 % presentaron una ingesta diaria adecuada de proteínas, la cual se asocia al tiempo de antigüedad del veganismo de los encuestados (OR: 2,86; IC 95 %: 1,07 a 7,34; p < 0,05), la utilización de suplementos (OR: 5,24; II 95 %: 1,17 a 25,2; p < 0,05) y la frecuencia con la que almuerzan en el hogar (OR: 87,7; IC 95 %: 24,1 a 304; p = 0,000). Conclusión: existe una importante falta de adecuación proteica en la presente muestra evaluada. La adecuación proteica se asocia con la duración del régimen vegano, la frecuencia de almuerzos fuera de casa y la utilización de suplementos de forma regular.
Assuntos
Dieta Vegana , Proteínas Alimentares , Estudantes , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Projetos Piloto , Masculino , Feminino , Chile/epidemiologia , Universidades , Adulto Jovem , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Veganos , AdolescenteRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Endophthalmitis is a serious infectious complication of cataract surgery, which may lead to vision loss. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of intracameral moxifloxacin in reducing endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in Chilean patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed all phacoemulsification surgeries performed between 2012 and 2020 at a public hospital. The use of intraoperative intracameral moxifloxacin and possible surgical complications were recorded. In patients with postoperative endophthalmitis, we reviewed their risk factors and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: In the study, 22,869 phacoemulsification surgeries were registered, with an annual average of 2,541. The use of prophylactic intracameral moxifloxacin started progressively in 2014. In 2018 it was used in 88% of the surgeries. Fifteen eyes evolved with postoperative endophthalmitis, but none of these surgeries used intracameral moxifloxacin. Five and seven cases occurred in 2012 and 2013, respectively. There was a trend favoring moxifloxacin use, as a preventive measure for endophthalmitis, but the difference between groups was not significant (p = 0.56). In the group with endophthalmitis, 33.3% of the eyes were from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in 13.3% there was rupture of the posterior capsule and 60% of the eyes corresponded to female patients. Since 2018 there is no record of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery performed in this center. Conclusions: Intracameral moxifloxacin showed a tendency to reduce the frequency of endophthalmitis after phacoemulsification surgery, but a longer observation period is required to reach statistical significance, due to the low frequency of this complication.
Assuntos
Humanos , Catarata/tratamento farmacológico , Endoftalmite/etiologia , Endoftalmite/prevenção & controle , Endoftalmite/tratamento farmacológico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Antibioticoprofilaxia , Fluoroquinolonas/uso terapêutico , Moxifloxacina , Antibacterianos/uso terapêuticoAssuntos
Catarata , Endoftalmite , Humanos , Moxifloxacina , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Fluoroquinolonas/uso terapêutico , Catarata/tratamento farmacológico , Endoftalmite/etiologia , Endoftalmite/prevenção & controle , Endoftalmite/tratamento farmacológico , Antibioticoprofilaxia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Introducción: el uso de técnicas de imagenología es habitual e incluso indispensable en algunos procesos diagnósticos. Sin embargo, su indicación en mujeres embarazadas y en período de lactancia es controvertida. Objetivo: presentar una revisión narrativa sobre los riesgos asociados al uso de imágenes con radiación y medio de contraste en embarazo y periodo de lactancia, con énfasis en las recomendaciones y aplicaciones clínicas que el médico tratante debe tener presente al momento de su indicación. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura relevante sobre los riesgos y consideraciones especiales del uso de medios de contraste en el embarazo y lactancia. Resultados: los riesgos de la radiación ionizante sobre el feto varían de acuerdo al estadio del embarazo, por lo que la indicación del estudio debe ponderar los riesgos y beneficios. En las dosis clínicas en embarazo y lactancia, el uso de contraste yodado como basados en gadolinio no tienen efectos deletéreos en la salud de la madre ni la del feto. Sin embargo, las sociedades internacionales recomiendan limitar su uso. Conclusión: si bien la indicación de estudios de imagen que utilizan radiación ionizante en el embarazo y lactancia es seguro, el médico clínico debe conocer los posibles riesgos de la radiación ionizante en este grupo de pacientes. Respecto a los medios de contraste, el único efecto adverso reportado es la disfunción tiroidea transitoria en hijos de madres que recibieron medios de contraste yodado.
Introduction: the use of imaging techniques is essential in some diagnostic processes. However, its indication in pregnant and lac-tating women is controversial. Objective: To present a narrative review of the risks associated with using images with radiation and contrast media in pregnancy and lactation. Emphasis will be put on the recommendations and clinical applications that the physician must consider before its indication. Methods: a bibliographic review of the relevant literature on the risks and special considerations of contrast media in pregnancy and lactation was performed. Results: the risks of ionising radiation on the fetus vary according to the stage of pregnancy, so the indication of the study must balance the risks and benefits. The use of iodinated and gadolinium-based con-trast agents in clinical doses in pregnancy and lactation has no effects on the health of the mother or the fetus. However, international societies recommend limiting its use. Conclusion: Although the indication for imaging studies using ionising radiation in pregnancy and lactation is safe, the clinician must be aware of the possible risks of ionising radiation in this group of patients. The only adverse effect reported is transient thyroid dysfunction in children of mothers who received iodinated contrast media.
Assuntos
Radiação , Aleitamento Materno , Gravidez , Meios de Contraste , Radiação Ionizante , Diagnóstico , FetoRESUMO
Background: Antibiotic-dependent pathogenic bacteria are sporadically isolated from patients that received prolonged antibiotic treatments. Evolution of antibiotics dependence and its clinical implications are scarcely studied. Materials & methods: A linezolid-dependent Staphylococcus aureus strain was isolated from a cystic fibrosis patient. A draft genome sequence was obtained and searched for known antibiotics resistance determinants and virulence factors. Results: The genome was assembled into 79 contigs for a total of 2.83 Mbp. This strain is a sequence type 5 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with a type I SCCmec cassette also conserving the Panton-Valentine leukocidin. The G2576T substitution, conferring linezolid resistance, was harbored by all five copies of the 23S rRNA. Conclusion: The linezolid-dependent strain is related to a strain circulating in Latin America that acquired a mutation conferring linezolid resistance.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Fibrose Cística/microbiologia , Genoma Bacteriano , Linezolida/farmacologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Backgound: The virulence factors of the Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strains are not clearly known. The strain of septicemic origin NN1 Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 was sequenced previously by the Illumina platform. A fragment of the pathogenicity island VPaI-7 of V. parahaemolyticus was detected in its genome. AIM: To detect the virulence genes vcsN2, vcsC2, vcsV2, vspD, toxR2 y vopF in Chilean strains of V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139. METHODS: A total of 9 Chilean strains of clinical origin of Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 isolated between 2006-2012 were analyzed by conventional PCR assays for type III secretion genes encoded on that island: vcsN2, vcsC2, vcsV2, vspD, toxR2 and vopF. Additionally, the presence of the virulence genes hylA and rtxA was determined. In addition, REP-PCR and ERIC-PCR assays were performed. RESULTS: most (6/9) Chilean V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strains contain the type III secretion genes vcsN2, vcsC2, vcsV2, vspD, toxR2 and vopF, encoded in an island of pathogenicity. In addition, all (9/9) the strains contain the virulence genes hylA and rtxA. CONCLUSION: These results strongly suggest the possibility that those strains possess an important virulence potential in humans.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Ilhas Genômicas/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Sistemas de Secreção Tipo III/genética , Vibrio cholerae não O1/genética , Vibrio cholerae/genética , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Chile , Proteínas Hemolisinas/genética , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Vibrio cholerae/isolamento & purificação , Vibrio cholerae/patogenicidade , Vibrio cholerae não O1/isolamento & purificação , Vibrio cholerae não O1/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Resumen Introducción. Los factores de virulencia de las cepas de Vibrio cholerae no-O1, no-O139 no son claramente conocidos. La cepa de origen septicémico NN1 Vibrio cholerae no-O1, no-O139 fue secuenciada previamente mediante la plataforma Illumina, detectándose en su genoma un fragmento de la isla de patogenicidad VPaI-7 de V. parahaemolyticus. Objetivo: detectar los genes de virulencia vcsN2, vcsC2, vcsV2, vspD, toxR2 y vopF en cepas chilenas clínicas de V. cholerae no-O1, no-O139. Material y Métodos: Un total de 9 cepas chilenas de origen clínico de Vibrio cholerae no-O1, no-O139 aisladas entre 2006-2012 fueron analizadas mediante ensayos de reacción de polimerasa en cadena (RPC, en inglés PCR) convencional para los genes de secreción tipo III codificados en dicha isla: vcsN2, vcsC2, vcsV2, vspD, toxR2 y vopF. Adicionalmente se determinó la presencia de los genes de virulencia hylA y rtxA. Además, se realizaron ensayos de repetitive element palindromic PCR (REP-PCR) y Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR). Resultados: la mayoría (6/9) de las cepas chilenas de V. cholerae no-O1, no-O139 contiene todos los genes de secreción tipo III vcsN2, vcsC2, vcsV2, vspD, toxR2 y vopF, codificados en una isla de patogenicidad. Además, el total de las cepas (9/9) contiene los genes de virulencia hylA y rtxA. Conclusión: Estos resultados sugieren fuertemente la posibilidad que dichas cepas posean un potencial de virulencia importante en seres humanos.
Backgound: The virulence factors of the Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strains are not clearly known. The strain of septicemic origin NN1 Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 was sequenced previously by the Illumina platform. A fragment of the pathogenicity island VPaI-7 of V. parahaemolyticus was detected in its genome. Aim: To detect the virulence genes vcsN2, vcsC2, vcsV2, vspD, toxR2 y vopF in Chilean strains of V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139. Methods: A total of 9 Chilean strains of clinical origin of Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 isolated between 2006-2012 were analyzed by conventional PCR assays for type III secretion genes encoded on that island: vcsN2, vcsC2, vcsV2, vspD, toxR2 and vopF. Additionally, the presence of the virulence genes hylA and rtxA was determined. In addition, REP-PCR and ERIC-PCR assays were performed. Results: most (6/9) Chilean V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strains contain the type III secretion genes vcsN2, vcsC2, vcsV2, vspD, toxR2 and vopF, encoded in an island of pathogenicity. In addition, all (9/9) the strains contain the virulence genes hylA and rtxA. Conclusion: These results strongly suggest the possibility that those strains possess an important virulence potential in humans.
Assuntos
Humanos , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Vibrio cholerae/genética , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Vibrio cholerae não O1/genética , Ilhas Genômicas/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Sistemas de Secreção Tipo III/genética , Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Vibrio cholerae/isolamento & purificação , Vibrio cholerae/patogenicidade , Chile , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Vibrio cholerae não O1/isolamento & purificação , Vibrio cholerae não O1/patogenicidade , Proteínas Hemolisinas/genéticaRESUMO
El síndrome de Hajdu-Cheney, es una patología infrecuente caracterizada por alteraciones esqueléticas que se manifiestan con acro-osteolisis y osteoporosis generalizada. Su frecuencia es extremadamente rara y existen escasos reportes en la literatura a nivel mundial. Se presenta un caso de un paciente con colapso avanzado del carpo producto de una no unión de escafoides no tratada. Se describen características clínicas y radiográficas del paciente y la resolución del caso con artrodesis total de muñeca.
Hajdu-Cheney syndrome is an uncommon skeletal disorder characterized by acroosteolysis and generalized osteoporosis. It is an extremely rare condition and few reports have been published in worldwide literature. We present a case of a patient with advanced carpal collapse product of a scaphoid non-union with Hajdu-Cheney syndrome. We describe clinical and radiographic characteristics and resolution of the case with total wrist arthrodesis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Artrodese/métodos , Osso Escafoide/cirurgia , Osso Escafoide/lesões , Síndrome de Hajdu-Cheney/complicações , Osteoporose , Punho , Osso Escafoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Acro-OsteóliseRESUMO
Currently, the use of cefazolin is recommended to determine the susceptibility to first-generation oral cephalosporins in strains of enterobacteria in uncomplicated UTI. We determined susceptibility differences to oral cephalosporins in urinary strains according to cefazolin or cefalotin breakpoints and the correlation of susceptibility between cefazolin and cefadroxil. We studied 52 strains with cefalotin and cefazolin by disk-diffusion and MIC (Kirby-Bauer and Vitek XL) and a subgroup by disk-diffusion for cefadroxil. Agreement among different methods was 100% for K. pneumoniae and Proteus spp. In Escherichia coli, agreement for Vitek and disk-diffusion were 0 and 50% respectively. Susceptibility to first generation cephalosporins in E. coli should be determined with cefazolin. Agreement between cefazolin and cefadroxil suggests that cefazolin could also predict the susceptibility of cefadroxil.